Antibacterial Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

Antimycobacterial and Antibacterial Activity of Allium sativum Bulbs.

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems faced globally. Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antitubercular agents has called for an urgent need to investigate newer drugs to combat tuberculosis. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an edible plant which has generated a lot of curiosity throughout human history as a medicinal plant. Garlic contains sulfur compounds like allicin, ajoene, allylmethyltrisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, diallyldisulphide and others which exhibit various biological properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular effects. According to various traditional systems of medicine, garlic is one of the established remedies for tuberculosis. The objective of the current study was to investigate in vitro antimycobacterial activity as well as anti-bacterial activity of various extracts rich in specific phytoconstituents from garlic. Preparation of garlic extracts was done based on the chemistry of the constituents and their stability. The estimation of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different garlic extracts was done using Resazurin microtire plate assay technique whereas activity of garlic oil was evaluated by colony count method. The antibacterial activity of extracts and oil was estimated by zone of inhibition method. Extracts of garlic rich in allicin and ajoene showed appreciable antimycobacterial activity as compared to standard drugs. Garlic oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

English

Plants have been used as major source of active compounds with medicinal importance since human civilization. These naturally occurring pharmacologically active agents have least or no toxicity to the host. The antibacterial activity of extracts (water, acetone and methanol) from six indigenous Indian plants: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Albizia saman (Fabaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) were determined against the pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus: ATCC 25923; Escherichia coli: ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumonia: ATCC 700603). The antimicrobial study was carried out by the gel diffusion method and the results show that as compared to aqueous extract, methanolic and acetone extracts were more effective. Of all the studied plants, the methanolic extract of A. saman leaves inhibited the growth of all the three test organisms.   Key words: Antibacterial activity, pathogenic bacteria, indigenous plants.

The Antibacterial Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aloe Vera and Glycyrrhiza Glabra against Cariogenic Bacteria InVitro

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Medical treatment of tooth decay is associated with the possibility of allergic reactions and increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and antimicrobial effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera and Glycyrrhiza glabra against four cariogenic bacteria in vitro. METHODS: In this empirical study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera and Glycyrrhiza glabra were obtained using the percolation method. Then preparing standard strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces viscosus. Antibacterial activity of extracts were determined by micro broth dilution method. Concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonols and flavonoid were determined using the optical density (OD) method. FINDINGS: In this study, total phenolic content and concentrations of flavonols and flavonoids were 3, 37 and 10 mg/g in the Aloe vera extract, respectively, while they were 36, 78 and 14 mg/g, respectively in the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Regarding the frequency of cariogenic bacteria, MIC and MBC of the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract for Streptococcus mutans were 0.5 and 1 mg/ml, respectively, while they were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml for Streptococcus salivarius, 0.125 and 0.5 mg/ml for Streptococcus sanguinis, and 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml for Actinomyces viscosus, respectively. Moreover, MIC and MBC of the Aloe vera extract were 4 and 16 mg/ml for Streptococcus mutans, 0.5 and 2 mg/ml for Streptococcus salivarius, 1 and 4 mg/ml for Streptococcus sanguinis, and 1 and 2 mg/ml for Actinomyces viscosus, respectively. MIC and MBC of Aloe Vera extract (4 and 16 mg/ml) was significantly higher than the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (0.5 and 1 mg / ml) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra exerted greater antibacterial effects against the studied bacteria compared to the Aloe vera extract due to the higher concentration of phenolic compounds. In addition, Streptococcus mutans showed higher resistance against the herbal extracts compared to the other bacteria.

Antibacterial activity of Bixa orellana L. (achiote) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L. (B. orellana) (achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). MethodsTwo methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK. ResultsA stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of (19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and (19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of (15.11 ± 1.03) mm and (16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively, and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 μg/mL. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 μg/mL for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively. ConclusionsThe experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana (achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations.

Determination of Phenol Content and Antibacterial Activity of Five Medicinal Plants Ethanolic Extracts from North-West of Morocco

The aim of this study is to screening the phytochemical content of five medicinal plants of Ouezzane province for their antibacterial activity. Ethanolic extracts were prepared using solid-liquid extraction. The total phenolic content was assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, total flavonoid content was assessed by aliminuim chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric assay. The antibacterial activity of extracts was tested against two reference strains, Escherichia coli K12 MBLA and Staphylococus aureus CECT 976 using the agar well diffusion method. The total phenol content of five ethanolic extracts ranged between 34,64 ± 1,16 and 112,48 ± 1,75 mg GAE per g extract, and the flavonoid content ranged between 9,28 ± 1,37 and 24,55 ± 0,58 mg QE/g extract. In the determination of the in vitro antimicrobial activity, flowering extracts prevented the growth of the tested strain by forming significant inhibition zones. The inhibitory activity of Ajuva Iva ethanolic extracts was especially remarkable (17,5 mm against E. coli and 21 mm against S. aureus). These species could be considered as potential sources of antibacterial compounds. Further studies are necessary for chemical characterization of the active principles and more extensive biological evaluations.

Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial Properties of Euphorbia Condylocarpa Methanol Extract

Objective: Infections disease caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria leads to increasingly difficult therapeutic problems. In present study, the antibacterial effect of the Euphorbia Condylocarpa methanol extract against eight pathogenic bacterial strains including: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 11700, Bacillus subtillis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 were evaluated. Methods: The total root methanol extract of the Euphorbia condylocarpa was prepared by percolation method. The antibacterial effect was primarily investigated by agar diffusion method followed by determination of the MIC and MBC using broth Macro dilution method. In Addition, the cytotoxicity effect of the extract was evaluated by MTT test using HEK293 cell line. Results: The highest antibacterial activity of extract against Gram positive bacteria was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis (22.67 ?0.58mm). The extract had the highest antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeuroginosa (MIC 62.50 mg/ml), While, it possess the lowest antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC 250 mg/ml). The highest MBC values were finding against S. epidermidis, E.coli, E. faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, and K. pneumonia equal to 500mg/ml. The standard cytotoxicity assays of E. condylocarpa extract showed no toxic effect against HEK293 normal cell line in concentration up to 10 mg/ml.

Antimicrobial activity of Eugenia jambolana seeds against foodborne isolates

Food borne diseases encompass a wide spectrum of illnesses associated with the ingestion of food contaminated by microbes. Many medicinal plants are considered to be potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source for novel compounds with anti-microbial activity, with possibly new modes of action. Eugenia jambolana has been reported to contain phytochemicals like coumarin, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and steroids. Diluted meat samples in PBS were inoculated onto culture plates of S S Agar, and Chromogenic agar and incubated at 370C overnight. After 48 hours incubation, cultures were examined for significant growth. Subcultures were then made into plates of nutrient agar and incubated for another 24 hours. The primary identification of the bacterial isolates was made based on colonial appearance and pigmentation. Antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were tested on Mueller-Hinton agar by well diffusion method. Acetone, methanol and ethanolic Eugenia jambolana extracts against S. aureus, Pseudomonas species and Salmonella species showed a significant zone of inhibition. The objectives of the present study were as follows: Isolation of bacteria from meat, Study of biofilm production by the isolated bacterias and Screening of Eugenia jambolana extract for antibacterial activity against the isolated bacteria.

English

Terminalia catappa has been used traditionally in some African countries as shade tree and to a large extent in managing diverse medical ailments including infectious diseases. This study was designed to elucidate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts of the plant. The leaves were air dried, powdered and extracted using 95% ethanol and water. The extracts were then screened for preliminary phytochemical constituents and antibacterial susceptibility testing using cup plate method on nutrient agar. The extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and alkaloids. The antibacterial screening of the extracts against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species showed a dose dependent inhibitory activity. Gentamicin was used as positive control. The antibacterial activity of the extract with respect to different strains and positive control was significant which justifies its traditional use as an anti-bacterial agent.

Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts and Alkaloids of Selected Amaryllidaceae Species

Alkaloidal extracts of six selected species of Amaryllidaceae were studied with respect to their antibacterial and anti-yeast activity and their alkaloidal fingerprint. Twenty-five alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and sixteen of them identified from their mass spectra, retention times and retention indexes. In the antimicrobial assay, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were used, along with isolates of the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and Lodderomyces elongiosporus. The six extracts, together with 19 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids isolated in our laboratory, showed almost no inhibitory activity against the bacteria tested. However, promising anti-yeast properties were detected; the most potent activity was shown by lycorine, which inhibited C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 32 µg/mL, C. albicans and L. elongiosporus, both with MICs of 64 µg/mL, followed by caranine inhibiting C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 128 µg/mL. Among the alkaloidal extracts, Narcissus jonquilla cv. Baby Moon showed the most potent anti-yeast activity, with minimal and average MIC values of 128 and 192 µg/mL, respectively, followed by Leucojum aestivum, Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus and N. canaliculatus (average MICs 256, 267 and 299 µg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC value among extracts was obtained for N. canaliculatus against L. elongiosporus (MIC 64 µg/mL).

자몽종자추출물이 도포 포장지의 항균활성에 미치는 영향

자몽종자추출물이 도포 포장지의 항균활성에 미치는 영향

Isolation, characterization and formulation of curcuminoids and in vitro release study of the encapsulated particles

In this study, the isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was performed using different solvent extraction methods and solvents. Obtained extracts were analyzed for the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin by HPLC and the radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of extracts were determined. Extract with highest content of curcuminoids was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formulated into powder using PGGS™ method. Obtained powder was pressed into tablets and a release study of the curcuminoids from the product was observed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.Results show that the highest yield of extract is obtained using conventional extraction with mixing in ethanol giving the highest concentration of curcuminoids as well. All extracts show strong antifungal properties but weak antibacterial activity. Curcuminoids extract was successfully encapsulated in PEG carrier and a fine powder was obtained, which increased the solubility in aqueous media.

Chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of extracts obtained from the inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.) all

The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic acids and flavonoids in methanolic, dichloromethane, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts and fractions from inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.). RP-HPLC analysis enabled identification of the following: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, linarin, apigenin, rutoside, luteolin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activity of tested extracts was determined in vitro against reference microorganisms, including bacteria or fungi, belonging to yeasts. Our data showed that the tested extracts had no influence on the growth of the reference strains of Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts belonging to Candida spp. Among them, the fractions possessed the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae belonging to pathogens and Streptococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis belonging to opportunistic microorganisms.

Antibacterial activity of Tribulus terrestris and its synergistic effect with Capsella bursa-pastoris and Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens: an in-vitro study

In this study, antimicrobial activities of an ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris aloneand in combination with Capsella bursa-pastoris and Glycyrrhiza glabra were examined in vitro against six pathogens namely Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were examined using disc and well diffusion methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts were determined against these microorganisms using agar and broth dilution methods. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control. Tribulus terrestris extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Antibacterial activity of mixed extract was evaluated and exhibited that mixed extract was more effective against all bacteria than any of the cases alone which indicates the synergistic effect between these three extracts (p˂0.05). No strain showed resistance against these extracts. In agar dilution, Tribulus terrestris exhibited MIC values ranging from 35.0 to 20.0 mg/ml and mixed extract showed MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 5.0 mg/ml. The results of broth dilution method were consistent with the findings of the agar dilution method. This in-vitro study was a preliminary evaluation of antibacterial activity of the plants. It provided scientific evidence to support uses of T. terrestris and its mixture with C. bursa-pastoris and G. glabra for the treatment of oral infections. In-vivo studies are also required to better evaluate the effect of these extracts.

&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; antibacterial activity of &lt;i&gt;Pituranthos scoparius&lt;/i&gt; from Algeria

Traditional medicine has a key role in health care worldwide; the search for antimicrobial agents from plants has been a growing interest in the last few decades. In the present study, antibacterial properties of Pituranthos scoparius were explored. Aerial and root parts of the plant were extracted with a series of solvent of varying polarity including water, methanol, acetone and chloroform. The antibacterial activity of extracts was assessed by agar disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method against 14 Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. The extracts from the aerial parts have shown a better antibacterial activity than the root extracts. The acetone aerial part extract showed the highest activity (about 22 mm inhibition zone) against Proteus mirabilis , and a MIC of 1.04 mg/mL against Salmonella Typhimurium, followed by the methanolic aerial part extract (about 15mm inhibition zone), with a MIC of 1.56 against Enterococcus faecalis . The values of MIC obtained show that the extracts have weak activities since all MIC values are greater than 1 mg/ml, comparing with the references antibiotics. The findings of the study indicate that Pituranthos scoparius could be a new source of antibacterial natural drugs. In vivo studies remain necessary to ensure the antibacterial efficacy of the plant. Keywords : Pituranthos scoparius, medicinal plants, extracts, disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Peganum harmala (L) extract to some fish pathogenic bacteria

This study was conducted to examine in vitro antibacterial potential from seed methanol extract of Peganum harmala (L) against some fish pathogenic bacteria including Lactococcus garvieae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri and Pseuodomonas putida isolated from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The antibacterial activity of extracts was evaluated using disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). MICS were measured by serial dilution and the microplate assays. Results showed that the methanol extract of P. harmala was bactericidal for all test bacteria. The MICs of extract using serial dilution and microplate method were 0.6 mg mL -1 and 0.312 to 0.625 mg mL -1 against P. putida and 0.8 mg mL -1 and 0.625 to 1.25 mg mL -1 against L. garvieae, A. hydrophila, Y. ruckeri, respectively which was confirmed by MBC determination. Thus, the antibacterial activity of seed extract of P. harmala can be comparable as an alternative in the control of infectious by these microorganisms.

Brine shrimp lethality and antibacterial activity of extracts from the bark of Schleichera oleosa

Objective: To determine the antibacterial efficacy and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) obtained from the bark of Schleichera oleosa. Methods: The powdered bark sample was Soxhlet extracted sequentially in hexanes, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Antibacterial evaluation was carried out by following the agar diffusion method and amoxicillin disc was used as a reference. Slightly modified Meyer’s method was used to determine the toxicity of the extracts in brine shrimps. Results: Among the nine bacterial strains tested, the methanolic and aqueous extracts showed promising antibacterial efficacy against Serratia marcescens, Escherarichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. None of the extracts were found significantly toxic to brine shrimps. Conclusions: Strong antibacterial activity and low brine shrimp toxicity of methanolic and aqueous extracts can provide new antibacterial compounds.

The activity of different extracts from Panax quinquefolium L. cultures against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus with respect to ginsenoside content

Ginsenosides can be isolated from various cultures of Panax quinquefolium L., American ginseng. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts from leaves, stalks, hairy root cultures and field roots of P. quinquefolium L. containing ginsenosides against Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from various clinical materials. The agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate microbial growth inhibition at various concentrations of extracts. The susceptibility of the clinical isolates to recommended antibiotics was determined with the disk-diffusion method. The results showed that the tested extracts inhibited the growth of all S. aureus clinical isolates, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) with MIC values ranging from 0.5 mg/mL to 1.7 mg/mL. The level of antimicrobial activity of extracts depends on the ginsenoside content. Both field roots and hairy root cultures represent excellent sources of these metabolites. Extracts with ginsenosides were found to inhibit multidrug-resistant staphylococci and can be a valuable complement to antistaphylococcal therapy.

Optimized Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from &lt;em&gt;Pyracantha fortuneana&lt;/em&gt; Fruit and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method was developed for extraction of total flavonoids from <em>Pyracantha fortuneana</em> fruit. The UAE parameters and the antioxidant activities of flavonoids extract were investigated. Important variables and their levels were obtained using single factor analysis method and central composite design. Through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design experiments, the processing conditions were optimized as follows: ethanol concentration, 81.15%; liquid-solid ratio, 30.00 mL/g; extraction time, 3.14 h; and temperature, 69.55°C. Under the optimum condition, the extraction yield was 1.261%, which was well matched with the predicted values of 1.263%. The antibacterial activities of extract against four bacterial strains were determined by agar well diffusion method and the results indicated that the extract showed potent antibacterial activities, which concludes its application as natural antibacterial agent.

Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds isolated from the Andean medicinal plant Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae

Azorella cryptantha (Clos) Reiche, Apiaceae, vernacular name “yerba del soldado or cuerno de cabra” is a medicinal herb that grows in the Andean mountains (Argentina). An infusion or decoction of the leaves is employed as cholagogue and digestive, usually to treat food-borne illnesses associated with enterobacteria. Extracts and compounds from two Argentinean populations were subjected to antibacterial assays against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Yersinia enterocolitica) and Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant microorganisms. The antibacterial activity-guided fractionation against a panel of ATCC and clinically isolated bacteria was done according to CLSI protocols. The petroleum ether extracts from both populations showed strong antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis with MIC values from 125 to 250μg/ml, and also towards methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram negative strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp. and Yersinia enterocolítica-PI, (MICs between 400 and 1000μg/ml). Fractions from the petroleum extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity, against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli-LM1, E. coli-LM2, and Salmonella enteritidis-MI, with MICs values between 31.2 and 125μg/ml. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the petroleum ether extracts led to the isolation of nine terpenes: azorellolide (1), mulinol (2), stachytriol (3),1α,10β,4β,5α-diepoxy-7β-germacran-6β-ol (4), 1β,10α,4β,5α-diepoxy-7β-germacran-6β-ol (5), 1,2,3,3α,4,5,6,7,8,8α-decahydro-7-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1,4-dimethylazulene-3α,8α-diol (6), madreporanone (7), yaretol (8) and chrysotol or 6β,10β-epoxy-4α-hydroxyguaiane (9). Compounds 3, 5, 6 and 9 are reported here for the first time from A. cryptantha. Their structures and relative configurations have been determinated by means 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Chrysothol (9), madreporanone (7), and stachytriol (3) showed strong antimicrobial activities (MICs=50–100μg/ml) against enterobacteria E. coli and S. enteritidis. The antibacterial activity found for some of the isolated compounds supports least in part, the commercial exploited of this species to treat food-borne illnesses associated with Gram negative pathogenic bacteria.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Crocus sativus L. c.v. Kashmirianus

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Crocus sativus L. Kashmirianus c.v. extracts (callus and stigmas). Profuse callus was obtained on MS medium enriched with BAP (20 μ M)+NAA (15 μ M) under in vitro conditions from corm slices. Four pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus CD0001, Escherichia coli CD0006, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CD0023 and Shigella flexneri CD0033) were used for determining the antibacterial activity of extracts. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay, DNA protection assay, FTC method, TBA assay and lipid peroxidation assay. The methanol stigma extract of saffron was found to be more effective in inhibiting all the pathogenic strains. The stigma extract also showed significant radical scavenging or chelation capacities in four of the methods; however, callus extract exhibited maximum inhibition of peroxy- radicals in lipid peroxidation assay. The protocol for callus production is described. It was concluded that as well as the specific parts of plants displaying diverse pharmacological activities, callus produced under in vitro conditions will assist in enhancing the production of secondary metabolites, which will reduce the pressure on natural saffron.