Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L. (B. orellana) (achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). MethodsTwo methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK. ResultsA stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of (19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and (19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of (15.11 ± 1.03) mm and (16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively, and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 μg/mL. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 μg/mL for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively. ConclusionsThe experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana (achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations.
Highlights
The Peruvian flora has an immense variety of species, which is famous for its colorant properties as well as its medicinal values
B. orellana methanolic extract in vitro antibacterial effect was measured on S. mutans and S. sanguinis strains and inhibition zones over 12 mm were considered positive
B. orellana antibacterial effect has been demonstrated in many investigations[1]
Summary
The Peruvian flora has an immense variety of species, which is famous for its colorant properties as well as its medicinal values. There are a lot of plants that have not been studied, and their phytotherapeutic values are not fully understood. The achiote is frequently used in the Peruvian Amazonia as a preparation, extracted from the B. orellana leaves, for snake bites treatment, as a food digestive and for cough treatment[2]. B. orellana is recognized for its medicinal applications as an antioxidant, analgesic, wound healer, hemostatic and diuretic among others[3,4,5]. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of the B. orellana methanolic extract on the bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis) as potential applications in the odontology field
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