ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ». Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ZIP14 ΠΈ ZNT7, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π¦ΠΈΠ½ΠΊ-Ξ±2-Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π², Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Zfp423 ΠΈ Zfp521. Zfp423 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ PPARΞ³, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Zfp521 Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Zfp423. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Zn2+. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and impaired zinc metabolism, although local effects of zinc in adipose tissue are insufficiently studied. The objective of this study was to review current data on adipotropic effects of zinc and its role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Experimental studies have shown both decreased content of zinc in the adipose tissue in obesity and effects of zinc on adipocyte differentiation and functioning. Therefore, zinc can be considered as a regulator of adipogenesis, and, thus, impaired zinc metabolism may be associated with adipose tissue dysfunction. Modulation of zinc transporters underlies alteration of intracellular zinc levels, whereas further effects of zinc are related with functioning of zinc-containing effector molecules. The zinc transporters known to play a significant role in regulation of adipogenesis include ZIP14 and ZNT7 that are actively expressed during adipocyte maturation. Zinc-Ξ±2-glycoprotein is an adipokine acting as an autocrine and paracrine regulator of adipocyte metabolism as well as a lipolytic factor. The effect of zinc on adipose tissue differentiation may be also mediated by zinc-finger proteins, primarily Zfp423 and Zfp521. Zfp423 is an adipocyte differentiation factor stimulating the PPARΞ³ expression whereas the antiadipogenic effect of Zfp521 is mediated by Zfp423 down-regulation. Despite a clearly demonstrated effect of Zn-containing metalloproteins a significant part of the effects of zinc may be mediated by biological activity of low-molecular weight zinc compounds or directly by Zn2+ cation. Therefore, improvement of zinc metabolism in the body in general and the adipose tissue in particular can be considered as a strategy for improvement of adipose tissue metabolism in obesity.