Antioxidant Nature Research Articles

Fabrication of Chitosan/PEO/Rosmarinic acid based nanofibrous mat for diabetic burn wound healing and its anti-bacterial efficacy in mice.

The pathophysiological relationship between wound healing impairment and diabetes is an intricate process. Burn injury among diabetes patients leads to neurological, vascular, and immunological abnormalities along with impaired activities of cell proliferation, collagen production, growth factors, and cytokine activities with huge bacterial infestation. In our study, we aimed to achieve a burn wound dressing material with the help of electrospun Chitosan/Polyethylene oxide/Rosmarinic acid (CS/PEO/RA) nanofibers. Chitosan is known for its biocompatibility and anti-bacterial properties; however, the electrospinning of CS requires a co-polymer such as PEO, a synthetic biodegradable polymer. With the addition of a low concentration of RA, known for its antibacterial, antioxidative nature, we enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of the electrospun nanofiber. Electrospinning CS/PEO/RA, we were able to develop a non-toxic scaffold with fibers having an average diameter of 127.035nm, mimicking the extracellular matrix and exhibiting sustained drug release. Excellent antimicrobial activity was observed against the identified bacterial species. It showed increased wound contraction and reduced scar formation in the diabetic mice model along with rapid repair of the damaged epithelial barrier. It enhanced the production of collagen, elastin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Thus, it justifies itself as a diabetic burn wound dressing at low drug concentration.

Investigation of physicochemical, morphological and biomedical properties of network hydrogels derived from arabinogalactan of acacia-tragacanth gum.

Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of natural polysaccharide-derived functional copolymers for advanced biomedical uses. Herein, the main objective of the present research work was to explore the potential of gum acacia (GA) and tragacanth gum (TG) for developing network hydrogels to use in drug delivery (DD) applications. The copolymers were prepared by grafting of 3-sulfopropylacrlate (SPA) onto gum (GA-TG). FE-SEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, 13C NMR and DSC techniques were applied for their characterizations and structural analysis. The physicochemical, morphological and biomedical properties of hydrogels were investigated. The optimized polymer network exhibited a mesh size (ξ) of 13.95mm and a cross-linking density (ρ) of 6.44×10-5mol/cm3. FE-SEM and AFM revealed heterogeneous morphology and rough topology of copolymer hydrogels. The XRD revealed the amorphous state of the copolymer. FTIR and 13C NMR confirmed the incorporation of poly(SPA) chains onto gums. Diffusion of meropenem drug occurred in a sustained manner with a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The release profile of the drug was best described by the First-order kinetic model. The results of polymer-blood interactions revealed their non-haemolytic & non-thrombogenic features. Copolymers exhibited antioxidant nature and illustrated 40.72±2.08% scavenging ability during DPPH assay. The hydrogel demonstrated a mucoadhesive nature and required 100±10 mN forces to separate from mucous membrane. The meropenem impregnated hydrogel exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria, respectively. The results of various properties demonstrated the suitability of network hydrogels for DD uses.

In Vivo Gastroprotective Upshots of the Novel Schiff Base CdCl2 (C14H21N3O2) Compound by Bax/HSP-70 Signaling and Inflammatory Cytokines.

Synthesis of the original Schiff base CdCl2 (C14H21N3O2) compound (Schiff base complex) displays an extensive range of bioactivities and was predictably utilized to treat several syndromes. The goal of the existing experiment is to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of a novel Schiff base CdCl₂ (C14H21N3O2) compound in alcohol-induced gastric ulcers in rats by examining its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of key molecular markers, including heat shock protein-70(HSP-70) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) proteins. Five groups of rats were utilized in the current study. Control and model groups were orally administered10% Tween 20. The treated groups were orally administered 20 mg/kg omeprazole or Schiff base compound (25 or 50 mg/kg). One hour later, only the control group received oral 10% Tween 20, and the treated groups received oral (5 ml/cage) absolute alcohol. During the second hour, all rats were sacrificed. All treatedrats presented considerable improvementin alcohol-induced gastric injury recognizedby decreasing ulcer index and raising % of ulcer inhibition. Increased mucus and gastric pH content and decreasedulcerated portion,reduced or non-appearanceof edema, and leucocytes penetrated the subcutaneous layer. In stomach epithelium homogenate, the Schiff base compound obtainable significant upsurge superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, considerable declining malondialdehyde (MDA) quantity. Moreover, the Schiff base compound raised the intensity of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains gastric epithelium. Furthermore, the Schiff base compound formed up-regulated HSP-70 and down-regulated Bax proteins gastric epithelium Schiff base compound, reduced the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and improved the quantity of IL-10.Administering a high dose of 500 mg/kg Schiff base compound revealed the nontoxic nature of the compound in rats. Schiff base compound exhibited gastroprotective effectsattributed to its antioxidant nature, its capability to enhance mucus excretion, SOD and CAT, reduce MDA amount, up-regulate HSP-70 protein, down-regulate Bax protein, andinflammatory cytokines.

Fabrication of Thymol-loaded Isabgol/Konjac Glucomannan-based Microporous Scaffolds with Enriched Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications.

An antioxidant, antibacterial, and biocompatible biomaterial is essential to repair skin wounds effectively. Here, we have employed two natural biopolymers, isabgol (ISAB) and konjac glucomannan (KGM), to prepare microporous scaffolds by freezing and lyophilization. The scaffolds are loaded with thymol (THY) to impart potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The physicochemical properties of the ISAB+KGM+THY scaffold, like porosity (41.8±2.4 %), swelling, and biodegradation, were optimal for tissue regeneration application. Compared to the control, ISAB+KGM+THY scaffolds promote attachment, migration, and proliferation of L929 fibroblasts. The antioxidant activity of the ISAB+KGM+THY scaffold was significantly improved after loading THY. This would protect the tissues from oxidative damage. The antibacterial activity of the ISAB+KGM+THY scaffold was significantly higher than that of the control, which would help prevent bacterial infection. The vascularization ability of the ISAB+KGM scaffold was not altered by incorporating THY in the ISAB+KGM scaffold. Therefore, a strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and biocompatible nature of the ISAB+KGM+THY scaffold could be useful for various biomedical applications.

Polycarbosilane-modified phosphate adhesives for porous Si3N4 ceramic pressure-free bonding at high temperatures

Si3N4 ceramics are widely employed in the aerospace and automotive sectors owing to exceptional mechanical performances, anti-oxidant nature, and corrosion resistance properties. However, their brittleness makes manufacturing complex components challenging, while the intricate nature of welding restricts its use. A Si3N4 ceramic adhesive joint capable of withstanding high-temperature conditions was formed under ambient conditions. Polycarbosilane was introduced into the phosphate adhesive to improve high-temperature thermal matching between the adhesive and substrate, At 600 and 800 ℃, the compressive shear strength increased by 25 % and 83 %, respectively. After 48 h at 1000 ℃, the compressive shear strength was 8.6 MPa, indicating excellent oxidation resistance. The adhesive penetrated the matrix pores under capillary action, forming network bonding, and an interfacial reaction generated Si5AlON7, buffering thermal stress. This represents the first phosphate adhesive for bonding Si3N4 ceramics, demonstrating excellent forming capabilities, with bond strengths comparable to that of conventional welds, showing high potential for engineering applications.

A new opportunity for N-acetylcysteine. An outline of its classic antioxidant effects and its pharmacological potential as an epigenetic modulator in liver diseases treatment.

Liver diseases represent a worldwide health problem accountable for two million deaths per year. Oxidative stress is critical for the development of these diseases. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is effective in preventing liver damage, both in experimental and clinical studies, and evidence has shown that the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of NAC are related to its antioxidant nature and ability to modulate key signaling pathways. Here, we provide a comprehensive description of the beneficial effects of NAC in the treatment of liver diseases, addressing the first evidence of its role as a scavenger and precursor of reduced glutathione, along with studies showing its immunomodulatory action, as well as the ability of NAC to modulate epigenetic hallmarks. We searched the PubMed database using the following keywords: oxidative stress, liver disease, epigenetics, antioxidants, NAC, and antioxidant therapies. There was no time limit to gather all available information on the subject. NAC has shown efficacy in treating liver damage, exerting mechanisms of action different from those of free radical scavengers. Like different antioxidant therapies, its effectiveness and safety are related to the administered dose; therefore, designing new pharmacological formulations for this drug is imperative to achieve an adequate response. Finally, there is still much to explore regarding its effect on epigenetic marker characteristics of liver damage, turning it into a drug with broad therapeutic potential. According to the literature reviewed, NAC could be an appropriate option in clinical studies related to hepatic injury and, in the future, a repurposing alternative for treating liver diseases.

Throwing light on the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nature of the leaves of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.)

Tamarillo, commonly known as tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is cultivated for its edible fruits, whose biological activities have been explored. In this study, the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extracts from red-fruit and yellow-fruit cultivars of S. betaceum were investigated. Leaves of red-fruit cultivars displayed significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of total flavonoid and terpenoid content compared to yellow-fruit cultivars. The antidiabetic activity was assessed by analyzing the inhibition of α-amylase activity. The leaf extract from red-fruit cultivars demonstrated higher α-amylase inhibiton activity, with an IC50 value of 79.71 µg/ml, compared to yellow-fruit cultivars, which had an IC50 value of 89.97 µg/ml. While the α-amylase inhibition activity of the leaf extracts from both cultivars was lower than that of the standard drug acarbose, this might be considered beneficial. Acarbose exhibits potent α-amylase inhibition, which can lead to the accumulation of undigested carbohydrates in the colon, potentially causing adverse effects. The anti-inflammatory nature was evaluated through protein denaturation inhibition and lipoxygenase inhibition assays. The leaf extracts from red-fruit cultivars exhibited greater inhibition of protein denaturation and lipoxygenase activity than the yellow-fruit cultivars. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of the standard drug aspirin was much higher than that of the leaf extracts from red-fruit cultivars. The antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The leaf extracts of red-fruit cultivars registered significantly higher antioxidant activities compared to those of yellow-fruit cultivars. The ascorbic acid standard exhibited much higher antioxidant potential, with IC50 values of 27.47 µg/ml by the DPPH method and 24.51 µg/ml by the ABTS method. The IC50 values observed in this study could be reduced through the purification of crude leaf extracts. Furthermore, identifying individual molecules in the leaf extracts through techniques such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, bioactivity-guided fractionation, and NMR spectroscopy can facilitate the development of drugs for degenerative diseases.

Combined Administration of Metformin and Vitamin D: A Futuristic Approach for Management of Hyperglycemia.

Diabetes is a series of metabolic disorders that can be categorized into three types depending on different aspects associated with age at onset, intensity of insulin resistance, and beta- cell dysfunction: Type 1 and 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has recently been found to account for more than 85% of diabetic cases. The current review intends to raise awareness among clinicians/researchers that combining vitamin D3 with metformin may pave the way for better T2DM treatment and management. An extensive literature survey was performed to analyze vitamin D's role in regulating insulin secretion, their action on the target cells and thus maintaining the normal glucose level. On the other side, the anti-hyperglycemic effect of metformin as well as its detailed mechanism of action was also studied. Interestingly both compounds are known to exhibit the antioxidant effect too. Literature supporting the correlation between diabetic phenotypes and deficiency of vitamin D was also explored further. To thoroughly understand the common/overlapping pathways responsible for the antidiabetic as well as antioxidant nature of metformin and vitamin D3, we compared their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. With this background, we are proposing the hypothesis that it would be of great interest if these two compounds could work in synergy to better manage the condition of T2DM and associated disorders.

In silico mechanistic insights of ecofriendly synthesized AgNPs, SeNPs, rGO and Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's for biological applications and its toxicity evaluation using Artemia salina

The present study focused on Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. leaves extract (ROE) mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver and selenium nanoparticles decorated on rGO nanomaterials (Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's) for its antibacterial and antifungal in silico mechanistic insight applications. In addition, the toxicity of the synthesized nanomaterials was evaluated using Artemia salina. The formation of AgNPs, SeNPs, rGO and Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's was completed within 1.0, 140, 120 and 144 h, respectively. Various optical and microscopic examinations were evident in the nanomaterial's synthesis. Further, the average size and stability of the synthesized nanomaterials were conformed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyzer, respectively. The synthesized Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's were pronounced promising results against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and the results achieved from the route of entry and action, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant nature of nanoparticles were evidence of its properties. Computational studies further supported these findings, indicating much of the phytochemicals present in ROE well interact with the bacterial surface proteins. Similarly, the synthesized Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's was effective against Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata in a dose dependent manner than its original nanomaterials. In addition, the docking study also confirmed that rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid prominently interacted with the fungal proteins. Interestingly, Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's pronounced less toxic effect compared to AgNPs and SeNPs against Artemia salina, which shows its biocompatibility.

Fishwaste Derived Hydroxyapatite Nanostructure Combined with Black Rice Wine for Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Response.

Hospital-acquired infection remains a serious threat globally, due to development of resistance to conventional antibiotics, which necessitates the urge for alternative therapy. Green nanotechnology has emerged as a holistic approach to address antibiotic resistance by combining environmental sustainability with improved therapeutic outcome. Nanostructure hydroxyapatite (HAP) has received significant attention in therapeutic and regenerative purposes due to its porous scaffold structure and biocompatible nature. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle was fabricated from the fish scale waste of red snapper fish. Black rice wine (BRW) was extracted from black rice commonly termed as Karupu kavuni/forbidden rice known for its nutritious effects. The present study focused on encapsulation of BRW within HAP nanoparticles (HAP@BRW) and evaluated its potential against nosocomial infections. Spectral and microscopic characterization of HAP@BRW revealed uniform encapsulation of BRW in HAP nanoparticles, aggregated irregular-shaped morphology of size 117.6nm. Maximum release of BRW (72%) within 24h indicates HAP as suitable drug delivery system suitable for biomedical applications. Antimicrobial studies revealed that HAP@BRW exhibited potent bactericidal effect against MRSA, MSSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, HAP@BRW significantly inhibited the biofilm forming ability of MSSA and P. aeruginosa. Rich antioxidant property of HAP@BRW might be due to the presence of rich source of total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content in BRW. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies revealed biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW. Antibiofilm, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW makes it a promising candidate for coating medical implants to avoid implant-associated infections and nosocomial infections.

A Scoping Review on Recent Progress on Purpurin and its Derivatives

Background: Purpurin is being used as a red dye for many decades. But recently, due to its pharmacological properties, purpurin and its derivatives have attracted a lot of researchers for the treatment of various ailments, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, etc. Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide an overview of its pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetic studies, synthesis, isolation, quality assurance, and patent studies. Method: A systemic scoping review was undertaken. Three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and patent websites were searched using relevant words (e.g., purpurin, purpurin derivatives, anticancer, toxicity, etc.). All outcomes for studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Extracted data were accumulated using tables, figures, and accompanying narrative descriptive summaries. The review was reported using the preferred reporting items for scoping review (PRISMAScR) guidelines. Sixty-eight studies and eighty-six patents met the inclusion criteria, mostly preclinical (in vitro, in vivo, and in silico) studies performed in rats, mice, dogs, and zebrafish, followed by one clinical trial study. Results: The potent antioxidant nature of purpurin is the main reason behind its vast pharmacological properties. It acts by decreasing mitochondrial stress and by acting on the endoplasmic reticulum. It also crosses the BBB barrier, has high GI absorption, and follows the Lipinski rule, which makes it a good drug for various neurodegenerative disorders. It inhibits various CYP-450, CYP 1A2, and CYP 3A4 enzymes, which are responsible for causing mutations. It gets photosensitized by UV light and causes ROSdependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion: This scoping review highlights purpurin and its derivatives as highly prized moieties in the treatment of various neurological conditions and cancer. The unique nature of purpurin is responsible for its pharmacological properties, which are due to the presence of hydroxyl and keto groups at specific positions. It gets photosensitized by UV and laser light and acts as an anticancer drug. But the lack of robust evaluation in clinical studies is another major concern. Purpurin can be seen in the prescription in the future, although a lot of work still needs to be done.

Apigetrin ameliorates doxorubicin prompted testicular damage: biochemical, spermatological and histological based study

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective, commonly prescribed, potent anti-neoplastic drug that damages the testicular tissues and leads to infertility. Apigetrin (APG) is an important flavonoid that shows diverse biological activities. The present research was designed to evaluate the alleviative role of APG against DOX-induced testicular damages in rats. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups, control, DOX administered (3 mgkg−1), DOX + APG co-administered (3 mgkg−1 of DOX; 15 mgkg−1 of APG), and APG administered group (15 mgkg−1). Results of the current study indicated that DOX treatment significantly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). DOX treatment also reduced the sperm count, viability, and motility. Moreover, DOX significantly increased the sperm morphological anomalies and reduced the levels of plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The administration of DOX significantly increased the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3, as well as the levels of inflammatory markers. Additionally, DOX treatment significantly downregulated the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) and Bcl-2. Furthermore, DOX administration provoked significant histopathological abnormalities in the testicular tissues. However, APG supplementation significantly reversed all the testicular damages due to its androgenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nature. Therefore, it is concluded that APG may prove a promising therapeutic agent to treat DOX-induced testicular damages.

Fabrication of a tailor-made conductive polyaniline/ascorbic acid-coated nanofibrous mat as a conductive and antioxidant cell-free cardiac patch

Polyaniline (PANI) was in-situ polymerized on nanofibrous polycaprolactone mats as cell-free antioxidant cardiac patches (CPs), providing electrical conductivity and antioxidant properties. The fabricated CPs took advantage of intrinsic and additive antioxidant properties in the presence of PANI backbone and ascorbic acid as a biocompatible dopant of PANI. The antioxidant nature of CPs may reduce the serious repercussions of oxidative stress, produced during the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) process following myocardial infarction. The polymerization parameters were considered as aniline (60 mM, 90 mM, and 120 mM), ascorbic acid concentrations ([aniline]:[ascorbic acid] = 3:0, 3:0.5, 3:1, 3:3), and polymerization time (1 h and 3 h). Mainly, the more aniline concentrations and polymerization time, the less sheet resistance was obtained. 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay confirmed the dual antioxidant properties of prepared samples. The advantage of the employed in-situ polymerization was confirmed by the de-doping/re-doping process. Non-desirable groups were excluded based on their electrical conductivity, antioxidant properties, and biocompatibility. The remained groups protected H9c2 cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia conditions. Selected CPs reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species content and mRNA level of caspase-3 while the Bcl-2 mRNA level was improved. Also, the selected cardiac patch could attenuate the hypertrophic impact of hydrogen peroxide on H9c2 cells. The in vivo results of the skin flap model confirmed the CP potency to attenuate the harmful impact of I/R.

GC-MS Profiling and in silico Polypharmacology Establish Antioxidant Rich Purple Tea as a Major Functional Beverage against Various Lifestyle Diseases

Purple tea (PT) is a high-antioxidant tea variety that is rich in anthocyanin. The rich purple color and antioxidant nature of the drink have provoked several studies on the plant. Some studies highlight the therapeutic potential of the plant. In this paper, we performed phytochemical and polypharmacological studies on samples collected from Barnesbeg Tea Garden, Darjeeling, India. We have employed in silico reverse pharmacology and a target-fishing approach to comprehend the full potential of PT in various disease management. Twenty-nine phytocompounds were obtained in the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of PT leaves. Antioxidant property assessment of PT through DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay showed much higher activity than standards, ascorbic acid, and BHT, respectively. The total phenol and flavonoid were quantified as 19.36 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g and 571.801 ± 1.44 mg QE/g of extract, respectively. It was found to target pathways such as the ErbB signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Neurotrophin signaling pathway, etc. This is the first study on target fishing and network pharmacology of PT. Thus, the study exhibited PT's role and probable mechanism of action against type-2 Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Coronary Heart Disease, Cancer-related impediments, and other lifestyle disorders.

The Therapeutic Trip of Melatonin Eye Drops: From the Ocular Surface to the Retina.

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule found in living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants and mammals. It possesses various properties, partly due to its robust antioxidant nature and partly owed to its specific interaction with melatonin receptors present in almost all tissues. Melatonin regulates different physiological functions and contributes to the homeostasis of the entire organism. In the human eye, a small amount of melatonin is also present, produced by cells in the anterior segment and the posterior pole, including the retina. In the eye, melatonin may provide antioxidant protection along with regulating physiological functions of ocular tissues, including intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, it is conceivable that the exogenous topical administration of sufficiently high amounts of melatonin to the eye could be beneficial in several instances: for the treatment of eye pathologies like glaucoma, due to the IOP-lowering and neuroprotection effects of melatonin; for the prevention of other dysfunctions, such as dry eye and refractive defects (cataract and myopia) mainly due to its antioxidant properties; for diabetic retinopathy due to its metabolic influence and neuroprotective effects; for macular degeneration due to the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties; and for uveitis, mostly owing to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews the scientific evidence supporting the use of melatonin in different ocular districts. Moreover, it provides data suggesting that the topical administration of melatonin as eye drops is a real possibility, utilizing nanotechnological formulations that could improve its solubility and permeation through the eye. This way, its distribution and concentration in different ocular tissues may support its pleiotropic therapeutic effects.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONTENT OF A NUMBER OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN KIWI FRUITS

The content of biologically active substances in new promising varieties of kiwi breeding of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia is considered. A spectrophotometric method for determining biologically active substances (anthocyanins, photosynthetic pigments, polyphenols) was used, which is based on determining the optical density of the solution of the analyzed substances at certain wavelengths. The aim is to analyze the varietal specification of kiwi fruits for the accumulation of biologically active substances such as pigments (anthocyanins, chlorophyll and carotenoids) and polyphenols in them. Five main groups of anthocyanins were quantified in fruits, and a significant excess of the amounts of this class of pigments was noted in the cv. Pobeditel (the amount of anthocyanins was 375.46 mg/100 g at 122.85–170.01 mg/100 g in the remaining varieties; LSD05 = 9.34). The predominant group of anthocyanin pigments in kiwi fruits is pelargonidin-3-glucoside, the content of which in varieties is in the range of 26.43 mg/100 g (cv. Slava) – 79.00 mg/100 g (cv. Pobeditel). The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined, the greater amount of which accumulates in the fruits of the cv. Otkhara (1.58 mg/100 g of chlorophyll and 0.37 mg/100 g of carotenoids) and cv. Gulripshsky (1.58 and 0.23 mg/100 g, respectively). The amount of polyphenols synthesized in fruits has been established. The cv. Pobeditel and cv. Gulripshsky are the most rich in phenolic components (1576.5–1582.6 mg/100 g). The data of biochemical analyses showed the prospects of three new golden varieties without pubescence: Pobeditel, Gulripshsky and Otkhara. The results obtained will be used in further breeding work to obtain varieties that are the richest in biologically active substances of an antioxidant nature, and are of undoubted interest to the consumer.

AN UPDATE ON DOCKING ANALYSIS OF SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN JAPANESE KNOTWEED LEAF COMPOUNDS

The proof of concept presents the results of molecular docking analysis in common Japanese knotweed leaf compounds compared to the four different proteases 4GQQ, 2B17, 2FW3 and 1ZB6 obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Several of these compounds show binding energy for the various proteases and according to our data compare favorably to a known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti diabetic and antioxidant drugs. The advancement of improved docking techniques has also made it possible to more accurately predict the biological activity of substances. This paper provides compounds of a Japanese knotweed plant leaf to determine the result of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to calculate binding energy compared to standardized drugs. The lowest amount of binding energy for good biological activity. The compound undecane had a higher negative binding energy than 2-hydroxyethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate. As we can see from the docking results, by comparing the values of the binding energies of the four proteins obtained from the protein data bank (PDB) (4GQQ, 2B17, 2FW3 and 1ZB6) we propose that the undecane molecule better is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory anti diabetic and antioxidant nature then cyclohexane carboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester compound. The DFT results HOMO-LUMO energy difference value (E=-0.44eV) indicated that the compounds more stability and reactivity. So energy difference minimum value of 2-hydroxyethyl clohexane carboxylate has good chemical stability and reactivity nature compared to other compound.

Investigating temperature variability on antioxidative behavior of synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle for potential biomedical application.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile redox properties and wound-healing applications. The antioxidative nature of CNP is due to its ability to be oxidized and reduced, followed by the capture or release of oxygen which is used for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, CNP is produced through a wet chemistry approach and its tunable redox property is tested across a range of temperatures. The synthesized CNP was observed to reveal the signature peak at 245nm indicating a high Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio. Towards evaluating the redox antioxidative behavior, CNPs were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for superoxide dismutase mimetic analysis with riboflavin-mediated nitroblue tetrazolium scavenging assay. The results demonstrated that the redox activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles was strongly influenced by the different temperature ranges. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was observed to be reduced with a decrease in temperature as we moved from 4°C (80% activity) to -80°C (47% activity) at 1mM conc of CNP. Similarly, the SOD mimetic activity increased with an increase in temperature from 40°C (72% activity) to 70°C (94% activity). Further, CNP was found to inhibit E. coli (gram+ve) and Enterobacter (gram-ve) beyond 70% simultaneously at 1mM conc, indicating its potential application as a remarkable antimicrobial agent. CNP also inhibited the alpha-amylase activity up to the 60% at 1mM conc suggesting its potential application in antidiabetic wound healing therapy. Overall, the CNP finds its application in mitigating the oxidative stress-related disorder exhibited by its high antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic behavior.

Dependence of quality indicators of tea leaves on soil metal ions

The article presents information on the influence of metal ions on the shoots of the Chinese tea plant - Thea sinensis L., cultivated in experimental and field conditions of the Lankaran Regional Scientific Center. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 on river sections located in the village of Khanbulan of Lankaran region, and the village of Khychu, Lerik region, which represent a subtropical zone with high humidity. Soil samples were taken and its water capacity and water-holding capacity, mechanical and organic components, as well as ions of certain metals were determined. The tea plant is very sensitive to environmental factors. Demanding on soil acidity, relative humidity, light and heat. Therefore, in our studies, to ensure the dynamic development of the tea plant, ash-yellow and ash-clay-yellow soil samples were taken. Thus, since the common soil types in this region are ash-clay-yellow and provide the presence of metal ions in the lump, this affects both the quality of the tea leaf and the antioxidant nature of the bioactive compounds of the extractive substance, as well as the color shades of tea. It is in this regard that the tea plant differs significantly from other drinks in its active influence on people’s well-being and health. For this, flavonoids are used in tea leaves - theine, catechin + theine complex, flavanol, caffeine, etc. Quantitative indicators are defined as a quantitative change in the extractive substance depending on metal-ions [1, 2, 3]. It is clear from the research that a certain metal ion is dominant for tea plants according to the nature of soil types. For the tea plant, FeO, Fe2O3, Ał2O3, MnO (iron and aluminum ions) are of special importance and are indispensable nutrients.

Insight into the effect of synthesis parameters on the properties of graphene quantum dots for theranostic application

Ultra-small size and tunable optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) make them potentially suitable for theranostic applications. This investigation focuses on the effect of process parameters for the synthesis of GQDs of desirable optical properties for biomedical applications. The effect of the raw materials (graphene oxide sheets, glucose, and starch), reaction temperature (170 to 200 °C), and reaction time (3 to 6 h) was investigated on GQDs prepared through hydrothermal treatment. The dispersion of GQDs was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–visible, fluorescence, Raman, and X-ray photon spectroscopic techniques. The effect of the solution temperature and pH on the fluorescence properties of GQDs was also studied. The small hydrodynamic diameter (8.57 ± 1.47 nm) was observed with GQDs prepared from glucose using hydrothermal treatment time of 4 h at 190 °C (GQDs-D). The GQDs-D showed blue fluorescence (λem= 460 nm) with a quantum yield (QY) 67.09 ± 1.25%. The fluorescence characteristic of the GQDs was unchanged up to 6 months during storage at room temperature. GQDs-D revealed their antioxidant nature with a DPPH scavenging activity of 15.08 ± 2.07%. Despite having relatively low DPPH scavenging activity, excellent hemocompatibility (0.23 ± 0.04%) and colloidal stability against bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed GQDs-D as a safe nanocarrier for theranostic application. This was further substantiated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, which exhibited a preserved α-helical structure of BSA by GQDs-D. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic image of GQDs-D showed an average particle size of 5.70 nm and homogeneous particle distribution between 2–8 nm. Conclusively, all the results revealed the potential of GQDs-D for theranostic application.