Anti-inflammatory Activity Of Methanol Extract Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia both in vitro and in vivo

Antrodia cinnamomea is a folk medicinal mushroom commonly used in Taiwan for the treatment of several types of cancers and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to explore the folk use of Antrodia cinnamomea on pharmacological grounds to characterize the scientific basis of anti-inflammatory activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of liquid cultured mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (MEMAC) was judged by the measurement of the produced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of MEMAC was evaluated using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite oxide (NO) in the edema paw. The levels of serum NO and TNF-α were measured. The MEMAC was administered at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of mouse. MEMAC inhibited the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and mediators (NO and PGE2) in RAW264.7 cells and human PBMCs. Data from Western blotting showed that MEMAC decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, MEMAC showed significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the edema volume in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. MEMAC (400mg/kg) also reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration (50.92±5.71%). Further, MEMAC increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver tissue and decreased the levels of serum NO and TNF-α after carrageenan administration. Our results showed that MEMAC has the anti-inflammatory property both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Antioxidant and nitric oxide release inhibition activities of methanolic extract from Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz (ECT) were investigated in the present study. ECT showed high phenolic content (223 μg·GAE−1 equivalent) and strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (IC50 = 52.74 μg·mL−1) and reduced power ability. Furthermore, ECT exhibited significant protective ability in H2O2/Fe3+ /ascorbic acid-induced DNA and protein damage. Moreover, ECT inhibited NO production by 47.15% at 0.8 mg·mL−1 in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells was down-regulated after treatment with increasing concentration of ECT. In conclusion, ECT has shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could be considered as a source of health promoting antioxidant and complementary medicinal supplement.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Asparagus racemosus and its in-vitro cultures

To determine the pharmacological (Anti-inflammatory) potential of in-vitro cultures of Asparagus racemosus. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of shoot, root their calli and genetically transformed shoot culture was performed using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. The albino rats were treated orally with two dosage (500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight of rats) of drugs, one hour prior to injection of carrageenan (0.1 ml, 1%, i.p.) in right hind paw. The paw volume was measured just before and upto 3 hour after the injection of carrageenan. Methanolic extract of root (1000 mg/kg body weight) showed best result (81.81% inhibition) followed by root callus extract. The natural root extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity whereas in cultured cells only root callus extract (500 mg/kg body weight) was found to give better result.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verd. leaf extract in rats

Aim of the study Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdcourt (Chloranthaceae) is a shrub native to tropical and temperate zone of Eastern Himalaya of India and South-East Asia and have traditionally been used as a folklore medicine to treat localised swelling, joint pain, skin inflammation, fever and bodyache. In this study, an attempt has been made to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract obtained from Chloranthus erectus leaves (MECEL) in acute, sub-acute and chronic mouse models. Materials and methods Inflammation in the hind paw of Wistar albino rat was induced by carrageenan, histamine and serotonin, and tissue granuloma pouch was induced by cotton pellet method. Anti-inflammatory drug—phenylbutazone was used as standard drug for comparison. Results In acute carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema, oral administration of MECEL at 200 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of edema by 38.34% ( p < 0.01) while the histamine- and serotonin-induced sub-acute model, the inhibition of paw edema reached 52.54% ( p < 0.001) and 25.5% ( p < 0.01), respectively. In a 7-day study, MECEL at 20 and 50 mg/kg produced significant suppression of cotton pellet-induced tissue granuloma formation in rats. Conclusions This preliminary study revealed that the methanol extract of Chloranthus erectus exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the tested models, and may provide the scientific rationale for its popular folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agent.

Plantago holosteum Scop. as a potential natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent

The genus Plantago L. (Plantaginaceae) comprises about 275 species found all over the world. Ancient use of plantains as herbal remedies is a consequence of their astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, expectorant and diuretic properties. In order to valorize medicinal use of Plantago holosteum Scop., some tests on antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of methanolic extract of P. holosteum, collected from mountain Kopaonik (Serbia) have been undertaken. The extract has been characterized regarding composition by LC-MS/MS and by different colorimetric techniques [1,2]. Flavonoids luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glc, apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glc, also iridoid aucubin were identified and quantified. The content of total phenolic compounds expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry extract was 68.2±3 and flavonoids was 13.1±0.7mg quercetine equiv/g of d.e. The radical scavenger capacity (RSC) was evaluated towards several radicals using spectrophotometry [3] and following IC50 were found: diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (6.1±0.6µg/ml), hydroxyl (127.2±6.8µg/ml), superoxide anion (73.3±2.5µg/ml) and nitric oxide radical (0.67±0.06mg/ml), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (11.5±1.8µg/ml). These results indicate comparable or higher extract activity than activity of synthetic antioxidants as BHT or BHA (butylated hydroxytoluene/hydroxyanisol). Antiinflammatory activity was examined by means of 12-lipooxygenase (12-LO) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition, quantifying the 12-LO product 12-HETE (12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate) and COX-1 product 12-HHT (12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid) by RP-HPLC-MS/MS. At concentration of 4mg/ml extract showed 12-LO and COX-1 inhibitory activity of 60 and 42%.

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract isolated from stem bark of Albizia julibrissin

Albizia julibrissin (AJ) has been used widely as a traditional medicine. In macrophages nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study we have examined the NO inhibition effect of 85% methanol extracts of AJ in mouse macrophage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to induce production of NO. Extracts of AJ (1, 10, <TEX>$100{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated (<TEX>$100{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) mouse (C57BL/6) macrophages and analyzed by ELISA. In addition, it also attenuated the expression of inflammatory products like Interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NOS (iNOS) as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. These results suggest that 85% methanol extracts of AJ would be useful in inflammatory diseases.

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata L (Astearaceae)

The methanol extract of leaves of Eclipta prostrata Linn was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity in albino Wistar rats. The methanolic extract administered by the oral route at a concentration of 100 and 200 mgkg-1 showed the significant dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin and egg white induced hind paw oedema in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extract was comparable with that of the standard drug indomethacin (10 mgkg-1) and cyproheptadine (8 mgkg-1). The results lend support to the traditional use of E. prostrata in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Key words: Eclipta prostrate, methanolic extract, albino Wistar rats, anti-inflammatory activity.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of argyreia speciosa root

Objective:To study analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a methanolic extract (ME) of Argyreia speciosa (AS) root powder.Materials and Methods:The study was carried out using male albino mice (20-25 gm) and male wistar rats (100-150gm). The ME was prepared using soxhlet extraction process. The effect of ME of A. speciosa was investigated for analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, tail immersion method and hot plate method. The anti-inflammatory activity of ME of AS roots was studied using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.Result:The ME of A. speciosa root was used in pain and inflammation models. The analgesic activity of AS at the dose of (30,100, and 300 mg/kg p.o) showed significant (P<0.01) decrease in acetic acid-induced writhing, whereas ME of A. speciosa at the dose of (100, 300 mg/kg p.o) showed significant (P<0.01) increase in latency to tail flick in tail immersion method and elevated mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. The ME of the A. speciosa at doses (30, 100, and 300mg/kg) showed significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of carrageenan induced hind paw edema in rats.Conclusion:The ME of A. speciosa showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rat.

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts ofDillenia indicaL. leaves

The anti-ins ammatory activities of the methanol extract of Dillenia indica Linnaeus (Family Dilleniaceae) leaves were observed in various experimental models related to ins ammation to provide some evidence for its traditional use. Anti-ins ammatory activity was observed in carrageenan-induced edema and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability. The methanol extract showed signiÞ cant (P Key words: Anti-ins ammatory, Dillenia indica, Dilleniaceae, leaves, methanolic extract.

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves.

Bambusa vulgaris, commonly known as “Bamboo,” possesses various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is designed to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of methanolic extract of B. vulgaris (MEBV) on rats and mice. The anti-inflammatory effect is investigated employing acute inflammatory models: formaldehyde-induced paw edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, subacute anti-inflammatory model: cotton pellet granuloma, estimation of plasma MDA and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. MEBV (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) exhibited a dose-dependent and significant inhibition (P <0.01) in all the experimental models. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, and alkaloids. The extract produces no mortality in the dose up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The results obtained suggest marked anti-inflammatory activity of the MEBV and support the traditional use of this plant in some painful and inflammatory conditions. Key words: Bambusa vulgaris, poaceae, vascular permeability, granuloma, peritonitis, edema

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Barleria Cristata leaves by in vivo and in vitro methods

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Barleria Cristata leaves by in vivo and in vitro methods

Antiinflammatory activity of methanol extract isolated from stem bark of Magnolia kobus

The present study reports the antiinflammatory activity of a methanol extract isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia kobus (MK). MK potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also suppressed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells although the magnitude of inhibition was weaker than that of nitric oxide and IL-1beta. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were also suppressed by MK in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that LPS-induced DNA binding of AP-1 and phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were inhibited by MK treatment in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was unaffected. Moreover, topical application of MK suppressed ear swelling in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation model. Collectively, these results suggest that MK exerts antiinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and this might be mediated, at least in part, by blocking AP-1 and JNK activation.

Comparison of the Antiinflammatory Activities of Three Medicinal Plants Known as “Meiduoluomi” in Tibetan Folk Medicine

Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-mazz (EB), Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindl.) Benth (EM), and Aster brachytrichus Franch (AB), confused under the vernacular name "meiduoluomi" by native people and traditional healers, have been used for the treatment of meningitis, polyneuritis, hepatitis, adenolymphitis, and enteronitis in traditional Tibetan medicine. In this study, the antiinflammatory activity of methanol extracts of all three plants was investigated in the xylene-induced ear edema model, carrageenan-induced paw edema model, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. It was found that the methanolic extracts of both EB and EM had strong inhibitory effects on the acute phase of inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. On the other hand, the methanolic extract of EM showed stronger effects than those of EB in xylene-induced ear edema. In the chronic test, the methanolic extracts of EB and EM resulted in a significant reduction in granuloma weight in rats. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was strongly reduced in the EB-treated and EM-treated groups, which indicated that EB and EM can inhibit certain inflammatory modulator factors that cause neutrophil aggregation in inflamed tissue, e.g., nuclear factor-kappaB. However, the methanolic extracts of AB had no antiinflammatory effects in the tested models and MPO assay. The similar effects of EM and EB in tested models provided some scientific basis for the traditional usage of meiduoluomi in inflammatory disease. However, the results also suggest that further study is needed to investigate the antiinflammatory profile of AB and provide a scientific basis for the use of AB in inflammatory diseases.

Inhibition of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes by extracts isolated from Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst

Aim of the study Bacopa monniera Linn is described in the Ayurvedic Materia Medica, as a therapeutically useful herb for the treatment of inflammation. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Bacopa monniera (BME). For some experiments EtOAc and bacoside fractions were prepared from BME. The effect of these extracts in modulating key mediators of inflammation was evaluated. Materials and methods Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, rat mononuclear cells and human whole blood assay were employed as in vivo and in vitro models. Results In carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, BME brought about 82% edema inhibition at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. when compared to indomethacin (INDO) (3 mg/kg) that showed 70% edema inhibition. BME also significantly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 15-LOX and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities in rat monocytes in vivo. Among the fractions tested in vitro, EtOAc fraction possessed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with IC 50 value of 30 μg/ml compared to butylated hydroxyl toluene (IC 50 = 13 μg/ml). This fraction also exerted significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC 50 value of 25 μg/ml in comparison with quercetin (IC 50 = 5 μg/ml). Inhibitory effects of EtOAc and bacoside fractions on LOX and COX activities in Ca-A23187 stimulated rat mononuclear cells were also assessed. 5-LOX IC 50 values were 25 μg/ml for EtOAc, 68 μg/ml for bacosides and 2 μg/ml for nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) where as COX-2 IC 50 values were 1.32 μg/ml for EtOAc, 1.19 μg/ml for bacoside fraction and 0.23 μg/ml for indomethacin. EtOAc and bacoside fractions also brought about significant decrease in TNF-α release ex vivo. Conclusion Bacopa monniera possesses anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of COX and LOX and downregulation of TNF-α.

Avancée de l’imagerie moléculaire dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

Leea macrophylla (Leeaceae) is a wild edible plant with ethomedicinal importance as anti-inflammatory agent. However, no systematic studies on its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms have been reported. Present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of L. macrophylla leaves. Phytochemical investigation revealed presence of sterols, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid in extract. Methanol extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide stimulated production of inflammatory mediators viz. prostaglandin E2, tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of this extract was evaluated by using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma assays in experimental rats. Oral administration of extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) exhibited dose dependant inhibition of carrageenan induced inflammation (p < 0.05) and the reduction of the granuloma tissue formation (p < 0.05–0.01). The extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally) exhibited significant central and peripheral analgesic activity in hot-plate test (p < 0.01) and acetic acid induced writhing test (p < 0.05–0.01) respectively in experimental mice. Treatment with extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the yeast provoked elevated body temperature (p < 0.05–0.01) in experimental rats. These results confirmed the traditional anti-inflammatory indication of L. macrophylla leaves.

Influence of Some Stachys. Taxa on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Rats

This work investigates the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extracts of four endemic Stachys. (Labiatae) taxa from the Balkans: S. beckeana. Dörfler & Hayek, S. anisochila. Vis. et Pančić, S. plumosa. Griseb., and S. alpina. L. subsp. dinarica. Murb. As a model of acute inflammation, carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats was used. Extracts, applied at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg p.o., exhibited dose-dependent activity. S. beckeana. and S. anisochila. extracts were the most active ones (ED50 154.52 and 162.24 mg/kg, respectively), with the activity comparable with indomethacin at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg. S. plumosa. extract has shown less-pronounced anti-inflammatory effect (ED50 220.81 mg/kg). Extract of S. alpina. subsp. dinarica. had the lowest efficiency, attenuating inflammation less than 50%.

Antiinflammatory evaluation of leaves of Plumeria acuminata

BackroundPlumeria acuminata belonging to the family Apocynaceae is commonly known as 'perungalli' in Tamil and is widely distributed throughout the Southern parts of India. In traditional medicinal system different parts of the plant have been mentioned to be useful in a variety of diseases. The plant material is widely used as a purgative, remedy for diarrhoea and cure for itch. The milky juice is employed for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatism. The bark has been reported to be useful in hard tumors, diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of methanol extract of leaves of Plumeria acuminata on carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced inflammation in rat hind paw oedema models.MethodsAcute and chronic inflammation models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 180–200 g were used. In acute model carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin models were used to induce inflammation in rat hind paw and cotton pellet-induced granuloma method was used for chronic inflammation model. In each model four groups of six animals were used. In all the models Group I served as control (0.9% normal saline, 5 mlkg-1 b.w) and group IV as standard (Indomethacin 10 mgkg-1 b.w). Group II and III received extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mgkg-1 b.w respectively.ResultsThe methanol extract of Plumeria acuminata exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity on the tested experimental animal models. The extract (500 mgkg-1 b.w) exhibited maximum antiinflammatory effect i.e., 30.51, 47.06, 34.48 and 32.50% (P < 0.001) at the end of 3 h with carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin respectively. Administration of MEPA (500 mgkg-1 b.w) and indomethacin (10 mgkg-1 b.w) significantly reduced the formation of granuloma tissue induced by cotton pellet method at a rate of 45.06 and 51.57% respectively. The effect produced by the extract was comparable to that of indomethacin a prototype of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent.ConclusionThe results obtained in this study indicated that the methanol extract of Plumeria acuminata possess potent antiinflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models.

Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Stachys persica and Stachys setifera on Rats and Mice

Anti-inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Stachys persica and Stachys setifera on Rats and Mice

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts from Ventilago harmandiana Pierre

Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts from Ventilago harmandiana Pierre