Anti-fatigue Activity Research Articles

Anti-fatigue activity of Brassica rapa L. extract and correlation among biochemical changes in forced swimming mice

Brassica rapa L. is an edible and medical plant in China used for treating various diseases, especially in the Tibet region. In this study, the chemical constituents of Brassica rapa L. extract (BE) was clarified by UHPLC-MS and anti-fatigue ability of BE was assessed through the behavior test and weight-loaded forced swimming test in mice. Then we determined several biochemical parameters related to fatigue to explore possible reasons. Results indicate that BE could significantly enhance exercise performance in mice, and there was a significant improvement in both grip-strength and the time on rota-rods. Meanwhile, BE showed significant anti-fatigue effects by decreasing the blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) levels and increasing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were observed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was regulated. Liver and muscle glycogen levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were also significantly increased. Pearson correlation analysis indicates that fatigue-related indexes including metabolites and energy-related indexes were significantly correlated with antioxidant levels. In conclusion, BE possesses remarkable anti-fatigue activity, thereby shows great potential for improving exercise performance and alleviating physical fatigue and can be considered as a functional food supplement for further development.

Anti-fatigue activity of the polysaccharides isolated from Ribes stenocarpum Maxim

In the present study, the crude polysaccharides from Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. (RPs) were isolated by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The physicochemical analysis revealed that RPs is a pyranose configuration connected by β-glycosidic bonds without three-stranded helical conformation, and is composed of mannose, ribose, glucuronic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, and xylose with a molecular weight of 44,200 Da. Furthermore, the animal experimental results demonstrated that RPs could significantly prolong the forced swimming time of mice, increase the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels, up-regulate the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice, and reduce the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid (LD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. The above results suggested that RPs could effectively reduce the oxidative stress response of mice during strenuous exercise and exert significant anti-fatigue activity.

Anti-fatigue activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flavonoids via regulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in mice

Parsley, a common vegetable, is widely used as a condiment because its flavor. However, its biological functionality remains largely ignored. In this study, the antioxidant activity-guided separation method was used to obtain four characteristic 7-O-flavonoid glycosides from parsley. An excessive fatigue mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of the different parsley extracts. The results showed that parsley flavonoids could significantly improve fatigue related physiological indicators and morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle. Western blotting indicated that parsley flavonoids could regulate oxidative stress and exert an anti-fatigue effect by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 and AMPK/PGC-1α pathways. Furthermore, the intake of flavonoids stimulated the enrichment of probiotics and short chain fatty acid producing microbiota, which likely participate in the body's energy metabolism and regulate fatigue. The present findings expand the conventional understanding of parsley as a seasoning food, proving that it has the potential for further development as a functional food.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with D-Ribose Supplementation on Anti-fatigue and Anti-oxidation in Mice

Study the effects of aerobic exercise combined with D-ribose supplementation on the anti-fatigue and antioxidant enzyme activities of mice, the mice were divided into quiet control group, aerobic exercise control group, D-ribose control group, D-ribose+aerobic exercise group. The aerobic exercise group received aerobic treadmill training for 6 days a week, and the D-ribose group was given 2 mL of ribose (300 mg/100 g) per rat per day. After 12 weeks of regular aerobic treadmill training, an anti-fatigue animal model was established for mice swimming with weight, the time of exhausted swimming was recorded in mice, and hepaticr glycogen (HG), muscle glycogen (MG), and blood glucose in mice, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood lactic acid (BLA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione Oxide dismutase (glutathione peroxide dismutase, GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (catalase, CAT) and other activities were measured. The results showed that compared with the quiet control group, the weight-bearing swimming time of mice in the aerobic exercise control group, D-ribose control group, and D-ribose+aerobic exercise group significantly increased (P<0.05), and at the same time the mice's body hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen and blood sugar content were significantly improved(P<0.05), and the blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid content in the body were significantly reduced(P<0.05). In addition, the results of its antioxidant activity showed that compared with the quiet control group, the T-AOC of the aerobic exercise control group, D-ribose control group, D-ribose+aerobic exercise group were all enhanced. The activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px also significantly increased (P<0.05), and MDA was significantly reduced (P<0.05). It showed that long-term regular aerobic exercise combined with D-ribose supplementation could significantly increase the liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, blood sugar content and oxidative stress ability in the body, and improve the body's anti-fatigue effect.

A Comparative Study of Antifatigue Effects of Taurine and Vitamin C on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Vitamin C and taurine (TR) are well known as active components for fatigue recovery. However, the mechanism of the anti-fatigue effects of vitamin C and TR is still unclear. Our study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue activities of vitamin C and TR in an animal test for fatigue and to compare the activities between vitamin C and TR. Materials and Methods: Vitamin C, TR or their combination were orally administrated to mice once daily for 15 days, and then metabolic activities such as blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as antioxidant activities such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined (evaluated) after forced swimming test (FST). Results: Compared with the control group, C100, C200, and T50 showed a tendency to decrease mobility in FST. Moreover, TG (C100, C200, T200), LDH (C200), lactic acid (C100) and MDA (C50, C100, C200) levels were inhibited by vitamin C and TR. Conclusions: These results suggest that vitamin C and TR have anti-fatigue activities in mice, with vitamin C providing a stronger effect.

Anti-fatigue activities of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry

Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry (LRAs) were used to explore the anti-fatigue activities of LRAs at different concentrations in a mouse fatigue model. Eight biochemical indexes were determined in liver tissue, muscle tissue and serum. The results showed that the LRAs used in the experiment mainly contained delphinium, petunidin and malvidin. During 21 days of gavage, there was no significant difference in mouse body weight. The exercise time of the LRA-exposed mice increased. LRAs could increase serum glucose (Glu), liver/muscle glycogen and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduce the vitality of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the levels of lactic acid (LD) and serum urea nitrogen (BUN). This study indicated that LRAs can enhance exercise endurance, increase sugar reserves, scavenge free radicals and improve metabolism, thereby increasing anti-fatigue activities.

A Comparative Study of the Anti-Fatigue Activity of Extracts from Different Parts of Cistanche Tubulosa

A Comparative Study of the Anti-Fatigue Activity of Extracts from Different Parts of Cistanche Tubulosa

The anti-fatigue activity of corn peptides and their effect on gut bacteria.

Corn peptides (CPs) are rich in branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and have a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant and improved lipid distribution. In this article, we prepared CPs by enzymatic digestion of corn proteins and evaluated their anti-fatigue activity. We evaluated the anti-fatigue effect of CPs through an exhaustive swimming experiment. The results showed that CPs were able to significantly reduce the rate of body weight gain and prolong the duration of exhaustive swimming. Besides, CPs reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels after exercise, while they significantly increased muscle glycogen and liver glycogen stores. They reduced muscle cell damage from exercise. In addition, CPs were effective in increasing AMPK, PGC-1α and PI3K protein expression levels and promoting Akt phosphorylation. Correlation analysis showed that CPs increased the abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the gut microflora. CPs, which enhanced exercise performance in mice and could modulate gut microbial composition, had significant anti-fatigue activity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Anti-Fatigue Peptides from the Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Cervus elaphus Blood.

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) blood is widely used as a health product. Mixed culture fermentation improves the flavor and bioavailability of deer blood (DB), and both DB and its enzymatic hydrolysates exhibit anti-fatigue activities in vivo. To elucidate the bioactive ingredients, enzymatic hydrolysates were fractioned into different peptide groups using reversed phase resin chromatography, and then evaluated using an exhaustive swimming mice model to assess swimming time and biochemical parameters. The structures of the bioactive peptides were elucidated by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass detection. Thirty-one compounds were identified as glutamine or branched-chain amino acids containing short peptides, of which Val-Ala-Asn, Val-Val-Ser-Ala, Leu(Ile)-Leu(Ile)-Val-Thr, Pro-His-Pro-Thr-Thr, Glu-Val-Ala-Phe and Val-Leu(Ile)-Asp-Ala-Phe are new peptides. The fractions containing glutamine or valine short peptides, Ala-Gln, Val-Gln, Val-Val-Ser-Ala, Val-Leu(Ile)-Ser improved exercise endurance by increasing hepatic glycogen (HG) storage. The peptides group containing Leu(Ile)-Leu(Ile), Asp-Gln, Phe- Leu(Ile), Val-Val-Tyr-Pro contributed to decreased muscle lactic acid (MLA)accumulation and to an increase in HG. The anti-fatigue activities of DB hydrolysates were attributed to the synergistic effects of different types of peptides.

Structure and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl

• Structure of A. roxburghii polysaccharides was characterized by various techniques. • A. roxburghii polysaccharides relieved the fatigue of mice from swimming. • A. roxburghii polysaccharides showed potential antioxidant activity on model mice. • A. roxburghii polysaccharides prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice. Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl is a perennial herb of Orchidaceae, which was regarded as a widely favorite functional food. A. roxburghii polysaccharides, possessing multitudinous activities, are one of the most important bioactive components of A. roxburghii . To promote the research and application of A. roxburghii polysaccharides, the structure of polysaccharides was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra, atomic force microscopy, and gas chromatography. Besides, the anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation, and anti-hypoxia effects of polysaccharides were evaluated. The results showed that the structure of A. roxburghii polysaccharides was rod-like aggregate, with no branching, and the size was uniform. A. roxburghii polysaccharides were mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose mannose, glucose and galactose in the molar ratio of 0.28: 1.93: 2.06: 2.40: 1.00: 6.43. In vivo experiments in mice proved that it exhibited good anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation and anti-hypoxia activities. Overall, the results suggested that A. roxburghii polysaccharides may serve as potential functional food and medicine.

Propofol ameliorates acute postoperative fatigue and promotes glucagon-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating CREB/PGC-1α and accelerating fatty acids beta-oxidation

Postoperative fatigue (POF) is the most common and long-lasting complication after surgery, which brings heavy burden to individuals and society. Recently, hastening postoperative recovery receives increasing attention, but unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying POF remain unclear. Propofol is a wildly used general anesthetic in clinic, and inspired by the rapid antidepressant effects induced by ketamine at non-anesthetic dose, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-fatigue effects and underlying mechanisms of propofol at a non-anesthetic dose in 70% hepatectomy induced POF model in rats. We first showed here that single administration of propofol at 0.1 mg/kg ameliorated acute POF in hepatectomy induced POF rats. Based on metabonomics analysis, we hypothesized that propofol exerted anti-fatigue activity in POF rats by facilitating free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation and gluconeogenesis. We further confirmed that propofol restored the deficit in FFA oxidation and gluconeogenesis in POF rats, as evidenced by the elevated FFA utilization, acetyl coenzyme A content, pyruvic acid content, phosphoenolpyruvic acid content, hepatic glucose output and glycogen storage. Moreover, propofol stimulated glucagon secretion and up-regulated expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB, peroxlsome prolifeator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinade1 and carnitine palmitoltransferase 1A. In summary, our study suggests for the first time that propofol ameliorates acute POF by promoting glucagon-regulated gluconeogenesis via CREB/PGC-1α signaling and accelerating FFA beta-oxidation.

Anti-fatigue effect of quercetin on enhancing muscle function and antioxidant capacity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effect of quercetin in mice. Three-week-old male BALB/c mice, fed with/without 0.005% quercetin for 6weeks, were randomly divided into two experimental sets (loaded swimming and non-loading swimming tests). Our data indicated that dietary quercetin supplementation prolonged the exhaustive swimming time. In addition, lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in serum were significantly decreased, while the levels of non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) in serum and the content of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were significantly enhanced in dietary quercetin supplementation group. Furthermore, dietary quercetin supplementation significantly enhanced the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscle and enhanced the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in gastrocnemius muscle, but decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Meanwhile, dietary quercetin supplementation affected the mRNA expression of regulators factors involved in muscle damage and inflammation, glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis, muscle mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and antioxidant related genes. Together, our data confirm that dietary quercetin supplementation can promote anti-fatigue capacity by promoting the antioxidant capacity and glycogen storage, as well as enhancing muscle function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid substance. Here we confirm that quercetin has anti-fatigue activity. Our study indicates that quercetin may be used as natural anti-fatigue functional food or drugs.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract and its active component gypenoside L improve the exercise performance of treadmill-trained mice.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe effectiveness of natural compounds in improving athletic ability has attracted attention in both sports and research. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) leaves are used to make traditional herbal medicines in Asia. The active components of G. pentaphyllum, dammarane saponins, or gypenosides, possess a range of biological activities. On the other hand, the anti-fatigue effects from G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its effective compound, gypenoside L (GL), remain to be determined.MATERIALS/METHODSThis study examined the effects of GPE on fatigue and exercise performance in ICR mice. GPE was administered orally to mice for 6 weeks, with or without treadmill training. The biochemical analysis in serum, glycogen content, mRNA, and protein expressions of the liver and muscle were analyzed.RESULTSThe ExGPE (exercise with 300 mg/kg body weight/day of GPE) mice decreased the fat mass percentage significantly compared to the ExC mice, while the ExGPE showed the greatest lean mass percentage compared to the ExC group. The administration of GPE improved the exercise endurance and capacity in treadmill-trained mice, increased glucose and triglycerides, and decreased the serum creatine kinase and lactate levels after intensive exercise. The muscle glycogen levels were higher in the ExGPE group than the ExC group. GPE increased the level of mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein and the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial DNA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ, superoxide dismutase 2, and by decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase B level in the soleus muscle (SOL). GPE also improved PGC-1α activation in the SOL significantly through AMPK/p38 phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSThese results showed that GPE supplementation enhances exercise performance and has anti-fatigue activity. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated. Therefore, GPE is a promising candidate for developing functional foods and enhancing the exercise capacity and anti-fatigue activity.

Using dates (Phoenix dactylifera l.) to improve energy metabolism in fatigue-induced Sprague Dawley rats

Fatigue increases oxidative stress which damages body cells and increases the risk for the development of various chronic diseases. In this study, the anti-fatigue activity of Piyarom date extract was evaluated in fatigue-induced rats using a forced swimming test (FST). Results showed that rats treated with 500 mg/kg BW date extract exhibited enhanced energy production with a highest endurance capacity (632.9±28.7 min). The date-treated rats also had lower blood lactate, indicating efficient energy utilization with lower fatigue as compared to normal and fatigued rats. Moreover, the serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in 250 and 500 mg/kg BW date extracts and caffeine groups were significantly lower compared to the fatigued rats. Creatine kinase activity was the lowest in the group fed with 500 mg/kg BW date extract. The treated rats showed an amelioration of lipid profiles, while the histological study revealed improvement in various organs. Rats treated with 500 mg/kg BW date extract demonstrated an enhancement in energy production and improved energy metabolism which could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the dates. Piyarom date extract demonstrated anti-fatigue property and could be used as a functional ingredient in the development of beverages or snacks that address fatigue associated maladies.

The anti-fatigue potential of water-soluble polysaccharides of Semen cassiae on BALB/c mice.

Fatigue syndrome is a major health problem that affects the voluntary activities of an individual. Particularly, exercise-induced fatigue has become a serious concern in people's health. Since polysaccharides from various medicinal plants have been reported for anti-fatigue effect, the current study deals with the anti-fatigue potential of water-soluble polysaccharides of the Chinese medicinal plant Semen cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) in BALB/c mice. Water-soluble polysaccharides from Semen cassiae were extracted using aqueous solvent (water). An orthogonal test design was employed for the optimization of polysaccharide extraction. The conditions optimized through this design unveiled the raw materials to solvent ratio as 1:30. The optimal temperature and time duration were found to be 80°C and 3.5 h, respectively. The yield of soluble polysaccharides at these specified conditions was 5.42%. Strikingly, the water-soluble polysaccharide from S. cassiae exhibited strong anti-fatigue activity at 100 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. S. cassiae polysaccharide extended the weight-loaded swimming duration in BALB/c mice. In addition, it ameliorated the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) while decreased the blood urea nitrogen, creatine phosphokinase, triglyceride, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde levels in blood serum. Moreover, the assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of S. cassia polysaccharides unveiled the enhancement of B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes, denoting the positive effect on physical immunity.

Characterisation, Chain Conformation and Antifatigue Effect of Steamed Ginseng Polysaccharides With Different Molecular Weight.

Two polysaccharides were obtained from steamed ginseng via ultrafiltration, and their physical–chemical properties, solution properties and antifatigue activities were studied. WSGP-S3 and WSGP-G3 were acid heteropolysaccharides with the molecular weights of 2.03 × 104 and 4.86 × 104, respectively. They were composed of different molar ratios of the monosaccharides Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara. The results of size-exclusion chromatography–multiangle laser light scattering analysis, Conge red staining and Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that WSGP-S3 exhibited a random conformation of branched clusters in solution. By contrast, WSGP-G3 exhibited an ordered conformation, including helix-like conformations in aqueous solution. Antifatigue activity tests proved that WSGP-S3 markedly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of fatigued mice; increased liver and muscle glycogen levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and decreased blood lactic acid, nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels compared with the control treatment. Moreover, it enhanced spleen cell proliferation in fatigued mice. By contrast, WSGP-G3 had no significant effect on fatigued mice. The results showed that WSGP-S3 might have a major contribution to the antifatigue effects of steamed ginseng polysaccharides and could be a potential anti-fatigue polysaccharide.

Characteristics and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum separated by cascade membrane technology

In this paper, cascade membrane technology was utilized to classify polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPs). The properties and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides were identified and compared. GLPs were separated using cascade ultrafiltration membranes of 100 kDa, 10 kDa and 1 kDa in sequence. The molecular weights of polysaccharides in these GLP fractions were approximately 322.0 kDa, 18.8 kDa and 6.4 kDa, and all polysaccharides were in active β-configurations. This showed that all graded GLPs could elongate swimming time, improve endurance and promote fatigue recovery, especially polysaccharides with molecular weights above 10 kDa. This demonstrated that GLPs could decrease the activities of SUN and CK and the levels of MDA and BLA. They also increased the level of Gly, accelerated fat transformation, and improved the activities of GPx, SOD and LDH in all treated mice. Accordingly, GLPs above 10 kDa might be potential agents with antifatigue activity.

Preparation of Amaranthus caudatus L. and Punica granatum Composite Beverage and Its Resisting Exercise Fatigue Effect

The composite beverage was developed with Punica granatum fruit and polysaccharide of Amaranthus caudatus L. as main raw materials and observed its anti-fatigue activity. Sensory evaluation score was used as the index. The single factor experiments and response surface analysis method were used to optimize the formula of composite beverage, and investigateits effect of exhaustive swimming time and related biochemical indexes after animal exercise. The results showed that the best formula of the compound beverage was as follows: The volume ratio of 10% Prunus syringae polysaccharide liquid to 20% Punica granatum juice was 2:5, the amount of sucrose was 4.5%, the amount of citric acid was 0.4%, the amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was 0.06%, and the sensory score was 89.8. Compared with the blank control group, the animal groups of composite beverage at middle and high dose could significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time (P<0.01), obviously decreased BLA (P<0.01) and BUN (P<0.01) contents after exercise. Therefore, the composite beverage of Amaranthus caudatus L. and Punica granatum had better anti-fatigue function.

Ashwagandha for reduced stress and anxiety

Ashwagandha for reduced stress and anxiety

Fractionation, characterization and anti-fatigue activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L.

Limited information is available on polysaccharides in Brassica rapa L. (BRP) cultivated at the plateau with an altitude over 3000 m. In the present study, an efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure for polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the optimal extraction parameters, gradient ethanol precipitation was used as the purification procedure of BRPs, obtaining four fractions named as BRP-20, BRP-40, BRP-60, and BRP-80, respectively. The four fractions presented different physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. According to the chemical composition detection and monosaccharide compositions analysis, the uronic acids contents of BRP-40 and BRP-60 were higher than the other two fractions. The results of monosaccharide composition suggested that these four fractions were all heteropolysaccharides, consisted of rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. Furthermore, BRP-80 gave the best performance in radical scavenging tests, which could attribute to its lowest molecular weight. What’s more, animal experiment suggested that BRP-80 had anti-fatigue and antioxidant activity in vivo. Overall, polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. might be developed as a novel source of natural antioxidant and be a potential candidate of anti-fatigue dietary supplements.