Abstract
Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry (LRAs) were used to explore the anti-fatigue activities of LRAs at different concentrations in a mouse fatigue model. Eight biochemical indexes were determined in liver tissue, muscle tissue and serum. The results showed that the LRAs used in the experiment mainly contained delphinium, petunidin and malvidin. During 21 days of gavage, there was no significant difference in mouse body weight. The exercise time of the LRA-exposed mice increased. LRAs could increase serum glucose (Glu), liver/muscle glycogen and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduce the vitality of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the levels of lactic acid (LD) and serum urea nitrogen (BUN). This study indicated that LRAs can enhance exercise endurance, increase sugar reserves, scavenge free radicals and improve metabolism, thereby increasing anti-fatigue activities.
Highlights
Fatigue is a feeling of weakness caused by many diseases, so it is a nonspecific symptom (Li et al, 2020)
The energy exhaustion theory proposes that the decrease in blood glucose (Glu) and glycogen during exercise leads to the generation of fatigue (Luo et al, 2019), and the oxygen free radical-lipid peroxidation theory proposes that excessive oxygen free radicals will be produced in the body after exercise or under other pressures, resulting in cell metabolism disorder, decreased work efficiency and fatigue (Sun et al, 2014)
There are six main anthocyanins in food, namely, pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin, which are found in the cells sap of roots, and plant stems and leaves in nature (Chen et al, 2017)
Summary
Fatigue is a feeling of weakness caused by many diseases, so it is a nonspecific symptom (Li et al, 2020). Long-term failure to relieve fatigue will lead to coronary heart disease, cerebral haemorrhage and even karoshi (sudden death caused by overwork) (Wang et al, 2012; Jin et al, 2012). Chemical compounds have been reported to significantly enhance physical endurance, delay exercise fatigue and accelerate physical recovery, their application is limited due to some side effects (Liu & Li, 2018). Studies have shown that the active ingredients in some plant extracts can achieve anti-fatigue and anti-oxidation effects and have fewer side effects, lower toxicity and better safety than chemical compounds; they have wide application prospects
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