Anti-corruption Tools Research Articles

Peculiarities of law enforcement system functioning in the context of digitalization

The relevance of the topic under study in this article is due to the fact that for the purpose of balanced and sustainable development of society, the law enforcement system must also adapt to the conditions of digitalization. This should be done by maximizing the introduction of advanced digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, into the daily activities of law enforcement agencies. It is noted that the processes of digitalization have accelerated significantly in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to the introduction of a wide range of restrictions, in particular, quarantine, curfews, restrictions on business and public authorities in the provision of public services, the mechanisms for the implementation of which have emerged in the light of digital technologies. The authors analyzed the essence of the functioning of the law enforcement system in conditions of digitalization, such as: development of the family institution; aggravation of the problem of preventing and countering domestic violence in the conditions of martial law; rethinking the meaning of pretrial investigation and criminal intelligence (analysis) in the context of crime transformation. Peculiarities of digitization of modern anti-corruption tools, the fundamental importance of international partnership in the field of law enforcement in the conditions of digitalization are also considered.

Unfairness in AI Anti-Corruption Tools: Main Drivers and Consequences

This article discusses the potential sources and consequences of unfairness in artificial intelligence (AI) predictive tools used for anti-corruption efforts. Using the examples of three AI-based anti-corruption tools from Brazil—risk estimation of corrupt behaviour in public procurement, among public officials, and of female straw candidates in electoral contests—it illustrates how unfairness can emerge at the infrastructural, individual, and institutional levels. The article draws on interviews with law enforcement officials directly involved in the development of anti-corruption tools, as well as academic and grey literature, including official reports and dissertations on the tools used as examples. Potential sources of unfairness include problematic data, statistical learning issues, the personal values and beliefs of developers and users, and the governance and practices within the organisations in which these tools are created and deployed. The findings suggest that the tools analysed were trained using inputs from past anti-corruption procedures and practices and based on common sense assumptions about corruption, which are not necessarily free from unfair disproportionality and discrimination. In designing the ACTs, the developers did not reflect on the risks of unfairness, nor did they prioritise the use of specific technological solutions to identify and mitigate this type of problem. Although the tools analysed do not make automated decisions and only support human action, their algorithms are not open to external scrutiny.

Problem aspects of verifying declarations and monitoring the lifestyle

In modern conditions, when the country suffers from a full-scale invasion from the outside, there is no less an enemy within it - corruption. An important factor contributing to the fight against corruption is society, which can help anti-corruption authorities in the fight against such a negative phenomenon as corruption with the help of various means. Among such means, declaration and monitoring of the way of life of officials stand out. This paper will be devoted to highlighting the problem of the imperfection of the current legislation in terms of monitoring the lifestyle of certain categories of persons. Thus, it will be pointed out the problematic decision of the CCU, due to which it was necessary to change the approach to the verification of declarations and lifestyle monitoring. The consequences of this decision will also be analyzed. Thus, according to the current legislation, there should be three separate lifestyle monitoring procedures: the general procedure, the procedure for monitoring the lifestyle of NACP employees, and the procedure for monitoring the lifestyle of judges. However, currently only two orders are in operation: general and for employees of NACP. According to the legislation, the procedure for lifestyle monitoring and full verification of the declarations of judges and judges of the ccu is adopted by agreement with the High Council of Justice. Back in 2021, NACP appealed to the High Council of Justice, but was refused. Therefore, since that time, the order was never adopted. The purpose of the study is to analyze the participation of the public in the use of such anti-corruption tools as the declaration of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government, monitoring their lifestyle, and the ways of their interaction with the NACP, as well as to identify shortcomings in the legislation and develop proposals for their elimination.

Государственное управление процессами противодействия коррупции: теоретико-методологические и политико-правовые аспекты

The authors explore current problems of public administration of processes related to combating corruption, focusing on its theoretical, methodological, political and legal aspects. This is due to the fact that the society has formed a demand to ensure resolute counteraction to corruption, the spread of which creates an existential threat to Russian society. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the efforts of the government, business and civil society, including the scientific and expert community, aimed at solving this problem. Special attention is paid to the search and use of adequate theoretical and methodological approaches to the corruption problem, which has a complex nature, and the development of effective anti-corruption technologies. In this regard, a critical analysis was carried out and the inconsistency of biologizing and sociologizing interpretations of corruption, recognition of its “eternal” nature, etc., was shown, which leads to the development and use of ineffective anticorruption tools. On the contrary, heuristic possibilities of dialectical, concrete-historical and interdisciplinary approaches to the development of anti-corruption system are postulated. It is concluded that the deep origins, causes and factors that generate corruption in modern Russia are rooted in the model of social structure chosen in the 1990s. The necessity of developing and implementing an updated state anti-corruption policy in the context of ongoing and expected socio-economic and political transformations is substantiated. It is shown that the updated anti-corruption policy should be implemented in dialectical unity with the state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values.

Another Brick in the Building of the EU Rule of Law: Anti-Corruption

Abstract Within the broader discourse regarding the nature, evolution, and health of the rule of law in the EU the recent emphasis of the EU institutions on the topic of anti-corruption has gone unnoticed for a long time. Still, hidden by the technicalities and the apparent non-binding nature of the EU indications on how to fight corruption in Member treatys, this is quite a prolific trend, as it further develops the EU with the necessary anti-corruption tools. In particular, the EU proclaims that a key element of the rule of law is an impartial application and effective enforcement of the law, as ensured by an adequate anti-corruption framework.

SWOT-analysis of tools to counter shadow in small and medium-sized businesses

A.A. Lobanov
 Saint Petersburg University of the Russian Interior Ministry, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
 E-mail: 79062443893@yandex.ru. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-6314
 
 Abstract: In this article, the author conducted an analytical study of existing tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses through SWOT analysis. To conduct a study of tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses through the use of SWOT analysis, the author selected four tools for state regulation of entrepreneurial activity, such as: strengthening product quality control; simplifying the procedure for registration of economic entities, reducing the number of activities requiring licensing and anti-corruption tools. The purpose of the study is to identify and establish the significance of strengths and weaknesses of various tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses. Also, in order to identify the resource base, the direction of measures to regulate the processes of shadowization, identify threats and opportunities for strategic decision-making in terms of choosing tools to counter shadow economic phenomena, a SWOT analysis of each tool separately was carried out and the main characteristics were identified. The study is planned and conducted in three stages. At the first stage, a SWOT matrix was compiled for tools to counter shadow economic phenomena. Next, a process of cross-evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats was carried out. At this stage, the level of significance is estimated from the highest to the lowest, and then the assessment of each specified tool for countering shadow economic phenomena is calculated. And the third stage carried out an assessment of the significance of each factor, and further, these tools for countering shadow economic phenomena are ranked by the degree of significance from the largest to the smallest. In conclusion, based on the SWOT analysis, conclusions are formed about the degree of significance of the studied tools for countering shadow economic phenomena. The analysis of the tools for combating the shadow economy suggests that the most significant tools for countering the shadow economy include such as reducing the number of activities requiring licensing, as well as anti-corruption tools.

Digital Anti-Corruption Typology for Public Sector

Many digital anti-corruption tools have not performed well in practice due to their non-alignment with forms of corruption they are supposed to fight against, the persistence of corruption-enabling conditions, activities, and procedures where it occurs, public sector areas where it occurs, anti-corruption principles and conceptual aspects of corruption. This paper aims to fill this gap with an alternative typology of digital anti-corruption in the public sector that helps to decide what digital measures to apply to fight against specific forms of corruption or address specific corruption-enabling conditions within given areas, activities and procedures in the public sector. The main objective of this paper was to highlight anti-corruption typologies and propose an alternative typology for digital anti-corruption. The proposed typology integrates theoretical constructs from the typology of anti-corruption policies and the TASP framework augmented with digital technologies. It includes six main components: categories of digital technologies, forms of corruption, activities and procedures, public sector areas, anti-corruption principles, and conceptual aspects of corruption. The study developed a typology by adhering to the “good” typology blueprint, which involves limiting the scope, defining concepts, and synthesising findings. By scoping review methods, the study identified various digital anti-corruption technologies relevant to the public sector’s corruption and anti-corruption measures. The paper contributes to existing anti-corruption typologies by proposing a multi-dimensional typology focusing on digital anti-corruption that enhances anti-corruption measures. The typology prescribes effective digital anti-corruption solutions for different corruption scenarios like job appointment and promotion based on connections and inflating public payroll with names of non-existent workers. The typology will provide policymakers, adopters of technical solutions and managers of adopting organisations with information to improve the development, design, adoption, and use of digital anti-corruption in the public sector. The typology is grounded in research and policy literature and validated using real-life examples.

Bots against corruption: Exploring the benefits and limitations of AI-based anti-corruption technology

Countries have been developing and deploying anti-corruption tools based on artificial intelligence with hopes of them having positive capabilities. Yet, we still lack empirical analyses of these automated systems designed to identify and curb corruption. Hence, this article explores novel data on 31 bottom-up and top-down initiatives in Brazil, presented as a case study. Methodologically, it uses a qualitative analysis and draws on secondary data and interviews to assess the most common features, usages and constraints of these tools. Data collected are scrutinised under a new conceptual framework that considers how these tools operate, who created them for what purpose, who uses and monitors these tools, what types of corruption they are targeting, and what their tangible outcomes are. Findings suggest that in Brazil, AI-based anti-corruption technology has been tailored by tech-savvy civil servants working for law enforcement agencies and by concerned citizens with tech skills to take over the key tasks of mining and crosschecking large datasets, aiming to monitor, identify, report and predict risks and flag suspicions related to clear-cut unlawful cases. The target is corruption in key governmental functions, mainly public spending. While most of the governmental tools still lack transparency, bottom-up initiatives struggle to expand their scope due to high dependence on and limited access to open data. Because this new technology is seen as supporting human action, a low level of concern related to biased codes has been observed.

ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ КОРРУПЦИОННЫХ РИСКОВ И ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИХ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ

The article shows that the emergence of corruption risks is caused by a variety of factors that are based on economic, social and political components. The results of the study showed that the analysis of corruption risks requires an integrated approach that takes into account the regulatory and legal features of combating corruption in the Russian Federation, the institutional prerequisites for its occurrence, objective and subjective reasons for the growth of its scale, as well as the search for effective anti-corruption tools.

Anti-Fraud and Anti-Corruption Tools in the Struggle Against Fraudulent Acts in the Public Sector

This study reveals the implications of anti-fraud and anti-corruption policies in the struggle against public sector accounting fraud and addresses the effectiveness of a vast number of methods for detecting fraudulent acts. This study also focuses on the terms and concepts of public sector fraud and corruption in order to provide a better understanding of the fraudulent acts committed within the public sector. This study’s essential research aims are directed toward deterring the fraudulent actions of organizations (both government and state-owned enterprises [SOEs]) from the public sector’s viewpoint and their financial results. In summary, the study deals with how to prevent fraudulent acts that are likely to be carried out and aims to provide a better understanding of the methods used to detect fraud and corruption in the public sector.

Corruption and Government Mechanisms in Nigeria: Diagnosis and Treatment

As widely perceived by many that corruption and other unethical conducts have become a destructive cankerworm that has eaten deep in every nation’s economy. Although, the scenario is not common only to Nigeria but the manner at which the ill-gotten wealth individuals were being celebrated in country is highly alarming. Nigeria is known for its series of anti-corruption mechanisms put in place by the government in order to curtail the menace in the society. Upon the establishment of the Military Legislations to curb the menace in 1975 under Generals Murtala Ramatu Muhammed and Olusegun Obasanjo down to 1999under the administration of President Olusegun Obasanjo where two separate anti-corruption bodies were formed (ICPC and EFCC), and to the present Administration under President Muhammadu Buhari where whistleblowing mechanism is introduced, the level of corruption is more pronounced and rampant both in public and private sectors of the Nigeria’s economy. One will be wondering why Nigeria is yet to put total remedies to the scourge of corruption in the country. The study proffers some hints, if it can be adopted by the government to strengthen the anti-corruption tools put in place. Some of the measures include, the inclusion of individuals, all and sundry in the fight against corruption. As opined by the collective action theory employed by the study, corruption cannot be fought and won in isolation but requires collective efforts and change of masses’ orientation on the need to return sanity back to Nigeria. Similarly, our religious and traditional leaders have numerous roles to play in reducing unethical conducts in the society. Conferment of religious or traditional titles to those that do not deserve it in the society should be corrected and discouraged in its totality. When these and many more are done, there is every possibility that Nigeria will be a lesser corrupt country and great again.

AI-Based Software as Anti-Corruption Agent and Employees’ Likelihood of Whistleblowing

Artificial intelligence (AI) based tools are seen as a promising anti-corruption tool. They are already implemented in public administration to counter corruption. In this paper, we present some of the first empirical results on the consequences. Specifically, based on the bystander effect and moral disengagement theory, we examined whether the use of AI-based anti-corruption tools in organizations leads to diffusion of responsibility for whistleblowing. In a pre-registered scenario-based experiment with 330 German employees, we compared the impact of an AI-based software versus a human as anti-corruption agent on employees’ perceived responsibility and stated likelihood of whistleblowing. We thereby considered the clarity of indications of corrupt behavior and employee moral potency as moderators. Contrary to our predictions, an AI-based software did not increase diffusion of responsibility for whistleblowing compared to a human or no anti-corruption agent. We also did not find the proposed moderating effects. Taken together, our findings provide first insights to better understand the impact of AI-based software as an anti-corruption tool on employees’ whistleblowing decisions.

Strategic directions for improving preventive anti-corruption mechanisms in military administration bodies

The purpose of the article was to determine the features of the strategic directions for improving preventive anti-corruption mechanisms in the military command and control bodies.
 The rationale is given that under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, new conditions arise that contribute to an increase in the number of corruption offenses.
 The article analyzes the legal framework and practice of the activities of military command and control bodies in the field of preventing corruption. Based on the results of the analysis, the following strategic directions were identified.
 First, an assessment of corruption risks, including: a) analysis of anti-corruption messages; b) determination of the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption; c) specification of the list of corruption risks in accordance with the current situation.
 Secondly, reducing the influence of factors associated with a conflict of interest: a) minimizing the possibility of a conflict of interest; b) settlement of conflicts of interest in case of occurrence.
 Thirdly, strengthening the declaration system as a prevention of corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption: a) ensuring the timely submission of declarations by persons authorized to perform the functions of the state; b) increasing the level of reliability of information contained in the declarations of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state.
 Fourthly, the formation of zero tolerance for corruption among military personnel: a) education of a high level of virtue in military personnel; b) strengthening of intra-departmental corporate ethics of anti-corruption orientation.
 Attention is paid to the fact that the legal regime of martial law has left its mark on the implementation of some of these measures. The above necessitates the search for other effective anti-corruption tools, which include numerous sociological surveys, focus groups, analysis of publications in the media, etc.
 The conclusion is made that the strategic directions for improving preventive anti-corruption mechanisms in military command and control bodies are long-term methods of action aimed at reducing the number of corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption.

Artificial intelligence and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as anti-corruption tools for Canadian extractive companies

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers the promise of improving natural resource governance, including addressing bribery and corruption risks. The mobilisation of computing power requires access to large amounts of data, a task facilitated by disclosure instruments. This paper examines the rationale and potential of artificial intelligence and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) as anti-corruption tools, with a focus on extractive companies based in Canada. The paper concludes that the integration of AI and the EITI Standard holds some promise to curtail corruption in extractive sectors, despite some ethical, legal and practical challenges.

Conceptual models on combating corruption. Contemporary anti-corruption tools

The first specialized anti-corruption bodies appeared long before the establishment of the Singapore and Hong Kong commissions in the 1950s and 1970s. However, there are several types of anti-corruption bodies that exist and operate in different countries. The issue of corruption gained international importance in the late 1990s and was accompanied by a growing debate on the role of specialized anti-corruption institutions. This process has been closely linked to the process of political democratization and economic liberalization in many parts of the world, including parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa. It is also linked to efforts to build the rule of law and good governance in many post-authoritarian and post-conflict environments, as economic and political transitions provide fertile ground for corruption.

A study on the constitutional suitability of artificial intelligence-based anti-corruption tools(AI-ACT)

헌법의 기본원리 중 핵심은 민주주의와 법치주의이며, 이것은 근대 입헌적 민주주의에 대한 헌법재판소의 설명과 같은 맥락이다. 양자의 관계는 역설적 공존의 관계, 상호 감염의 관계로 이해하는 것이 타당하다. 반부패가 헌법의 기본원리에 반한다면, 헌법의 기본원리에 대한 내적 붕괴를 불러오고, 더 큰 부패를 초래할 수 있다. 이 때문에 AI를 활용한 새로운 반부패 수단, 이른바 AI-ACT 역시 헌법의 기본원리와 관련하여 적합한지, 혹시 헌법의 기본원리를 파괴할 잠재적 위험성은 없는지 검토할 필요가 있다. 현재 시점에서 AI-ACT는 약한 AI를 기반으로 만들어진 부패 방지 도구로서, 대규모 데이터 세트를 선별하고, 이를 분석하여 부패의 위험, 의심, 명백한 사례 등을 탐지, 예측 및 보고하는 시스템이다. AI-ACT는 상향식과 하향식으로 나눌 수 있는데, 전자는 언론인, 시민사회 그리고 일반 시민이 주체가 되는, 후자는 수사기관이나 감사 담당자 등이 주체가 되는 반부패 도구다. AI-ACT의 기본구조는 데이터 입력, 알고리즘 디자인, 제도 채택 여부 결정의 세 단계로 그려볼 수 있다. AI-ACT는 민주주의와 법치주의에 심각한 위협 또는 그러한 위협으로 향하는 미끄러운 경사면이 될 수 있다. 데이터와 알고리즘의 편향성은 특정 인물 또는 집단에 대한 혐오・차별・배제로 귀결될 수 있으며, 이것이 미디어 알고리즘을 통해 무차별 또는 선택적으로 유포된다면 정치적 양극화와 포퓰리즘의 멋이감이 될 수 있다. 포퓰리즘은 국민의 열정을 동원한다는 점에서 외관상 민주적으로 보이지만, 전체주의를 조장하여 민주주의를 파괴하는 결과를 초래한다. 동시에 이것은 권력의 집중과 독재를 의미하며, 이는 권력의 과도한 확장의 경계를 본질로 하는 법치주의에 대한 위협을 의미한다. AI-ACT가 치안・수사 등 목적으로 부패한 공직자에서 일반 국민으로 칼날을 돌린다면, 법치주의가 무너진 총체적 감시사회의 서막이 열릴 수 있다. 문제 해결의 첫 단계는 AI-ACT의 투명성 확보다. 투명성이 확보되어야 비로소 책임성을 담보하고, 편향성을 교정하고, 통제 가능성을 획득할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 첫 번째, 부패방지법에 유럽일반정보보호법의 개입권과 여타의 주체, 절차, 제재에 관한 기본 규정을 두는 등 법적 보완이 필요하며, 두 번째 AI를 검증하는 AI를 개발하여 AI 간의 견제와 균형을 모색하는 기술적 보완이 필요하고, 세 번째는 편리성과 객관성의 환상에 경도되지 말고 적절한 비판적 자세를 유지하는 사회적 보완이 필요함을 강조하였다.

Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries

Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries? governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries?governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996?2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International, and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.

Anti-Corruption Tools of Financial Risk Management in Public Administration

Every country is concerned with the problem of corruption. Selfish misuse of public office undermines the people's confidence in government and institutions, makes public policies less effective and fair, and misuses taxpayer funds that could be used to build schools, roads and hospitals. Financial risk management in public administration is based on risk assessments and finding tools to help influence them. To develop practical tools for financial risk management, the authors studied the economic practises that determine the features of financial risk assessment. They identified the elements that can motivate financial risks, including three stages of identification and analysis of risks, analyzed the main stages and indicators of assessing an organization's financial condition based on the balance sheet, produced a risk assessment algorithm and risk minimization methods in managing financial activities, and conducted a comparative analysis of financial risk assessment methods. Based on the Professional Integrity Framework proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the authors developed basic measures to mitigate the potential negative consequences and proposed seven financial risk management tools for public administration. The proposed anti-corruption tools will help significantly reduce financial risks in public administration and corruption in general.

Comparative Analysis of Anti-Corruption Policy of Russia and Foreign Countries

The multi-criteria content of corruption makes it necessary to take into account the multitude of factors that influence its formation, and therefore, of course, are necessary for adoption in the development of effective mechanisms to counter this phenomenon. In the Russian Federation, to date, a well-developed legal and regulatory framework for anticorruption activities has been created, there are criminal legal means to combat corruption, however, based on the practice of law enforcement, they all have low efficiency, which makes us turn to the search for anti-corruption tools that are excellent from the normative fixing of the specifics of unlawful behavior and its consequences. The search for effective anti-corruption means is reasonably carried out in the socio-political sphere since it is not possible to solve the social problems of society solely through criminal law and regulatory means. In addition, the lack of proper attention to the socio-political means of combating corruption can, on the contrary, reduce the effectiveness of the preventive effect of prohibitions and lead to an increase in the scope of criminal law regulation, excluding the necessary effectiveness and efficiency of such measures. The norms that are adopted to protect modern society (in the field of economic activity, the criminal law environment, etc.) often do not take into account the possibility of milder and more stable anti-corruption impacts, one of which is the formation of a national system of anti-corruption education and upbringing. It seems that the existing social mentality, which contradicts the existing anti-corruption measures, needs to be introduced in new educational standards, both at the level of general educational organizations and at the level of formation of relevant skills and competencies for certain categories of students in the framework of higher education and additional training programs. The problematic nature of the subjects chosen for the study is concentrated not only on theoretical and methodological aspects, but also on practical ones, which determines the significance and importance of studying these issues in the context of approaches of foreign countries.

Diia. Digital state’ and E-Government Practices as Anti-Corruption Tools in Ukraine

The research is topical due to complex structure and multifactority of corruption in transition countries, its overcoming and prevention. The study is aimed to identify opportunities and assess the political experience of anti-corruption practices in transition countries, based on analysis of anti-corruption policy, in part e-government. Case study methods, systemic analysis of modernization processes in the political systems of transition countries, structural and functional analysis of anti-corruption policy, methods for predicting the success of transit processes in countries, modeling plausible scenarios of these processes were applied. Transitional systems are highly corrupt. There is institutional corruption in transition countries, i.e. corruption that has become a special institution regarding traumatic social transformation. The reason for institutionalization of corruption is weakness of transitional states, which has not yet become democratic. The use of information technology in political management becomes one of the leading criteria for democratization of political institutions, openness of political systems. Optimization of anti-corruption practices involves in part introduction of e-government. The consideration of e-government is methodologically comprehensive. The consequences of corruption relate to the redistribution of budget funds, various economic benefits, which are not always good for citizens. Economic growth is slowing down, the priorities of socio-economic development are distorted, the labor and entrepreneurial motivation of economic agents, is distorted. The experience of modernization of transformations and political reforms in different regions shows that one of the main factors determining specifics of political process is effectiveness of national models of anti-corruption practices in interests of citizens