Anti-arthritic Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Promising Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Atylosia goensis.

Indigenous plants are plant species that are native to a specific region and have evolved naturally and adapted to local environmental conditions over a long period. This study aimed to explore the anti-arthritic effects of Atylosia goensis, an indigenous plant species in the Western Ghats of India. An ethanolic extract of Atylosia goensis was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method, which revealed a diverse array of phytochemicals through liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Key compounds, including fatty acids, sterols, and potential health-beneficial compounds, were identified, and one prominent phytoconstituent, ursolic acid, was spectroscopically characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The research also examined the anti-inflammatory activity and in-vitro and in-vivo anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract. The ethanol extract exhibited notable inhibition of Cox-2, indicating potential anti-inflammatory effects. The in vivo anti-arthritic activity of ursolic acid was evaluated at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) over a 24-day period. Ursolic acid significantly reduced joint edema, particularly at higher doses, thereby emphasizing its anti-inflammatory properties. Biomarker analysis revealed dose-dependent attenuation of disease-associated biomarker levels, supporting the potential therapeutic efficacy of ursolic acid in arthritis management. Moreover, the hepatoprotective potential of ursolic acid was evident in biochemical parameters, including SGPT, SGOT, and ALP levels. Both doses of ursolic acid effectively mitigated liver dysfunction induced in the disease control group, demonstrating its protective role in liver health. Histopathological assessments corroborated these findings, indicating a reduction in inflammatory areas following ursolic acid treatment, especially at higher doses. This experimental work provides valuable information on the therapeutic potential of Atylosia goensis and ursolic acid, emphasizing their roles in anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective applications. This study contributes to the understanding of plant-derived compounds for potential pharmaceutical use in the management of inflammatory and arthritic conditions.

Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Derris brevipes (benth.) Baker leaves

Background: Derris brevipes is a common medicinal plant used in the traditional system of medicine as an anti-arthritic agent. Aims and Objectives: The present study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of D. brevipes (EEDB) leaves, belonging to the family Leguminosae. Materials and Methods: The dried leaves were collected and extracted using 95% ethanol, and the extract was subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening. In vivo activities were evaluated in collagen (chicken sternal collagen)-induced arthritis (CIA) in Sprague–Dawley rats. Prednisolone was used as the standard, and EEDB (at doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) was administered through the oral route. Body weight measurement, arthritic score, histological score, and radiology score assessments were carried out. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extract from D. brevipes showed the presence of components such as steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. In vivo tests on CIA rats given the extract showed that it could lower the arthritic score, the paw volume, the radiological score, and the histological score. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that the D. brevipes leaf extract possesses antiarthritic activity.

ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRUS AURANTIUM LINN. LEAVES IN COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS

The present research work was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Citrus aurantium Linn. on Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model in rats. Dried leaves powder was extracted and coded as ECA (ethanolic extract of C. aurantium). The antiarthritic activity of ECA was screened at the doses of 300 mg kg-1 and 500 mg kg-1. Treatment with ECA significantly decreased the paw volume, diameter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total white blood cell count, arthritic index and rheumatoid factor compared to arthritic rats. However, red blood cell counts and hemoglobin content were increased. The histopathological studies showed the preventive effect of ECA. This shows that ECA possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity that may help treat arthritis.

In vitro Anti-cancer, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic activity of Ethanolic extract of Ochna obtusata leaves

Objective: The objective behind this study was to expose the prospective of ethanolic extract of Ochna obtusata (EEOO) for its in vitro anti-cancer anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Methods: The fresh leaves were used to prepare the extracts using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and water in increasing order of the polarity of solvents. The EEOO was reported to have the presence of a few major phytoconstituents such as, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Glycosides, and Reducing Sugars which was confirmed by preliminary phytochemical screening. The in vitro MTT assay method has been performed with EEOO to evaluate the anti-cancer activity. Similarly, the HRBC Membrane Stabilization assay, Protein denaturation assay, and Protease inhibition assay methods were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of EEOO. Results and Discussion: From the study, it was confirmed that the various phytoconstituents such as Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Terpenoids were responsible for the anti-cancer activity. Similarly, the prevention of RBC Membrane from its lysis, decrease in albumin denaturation, and protease inhibition was observed which significantly confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of EEOO. Conclusion: It was finally concluded that the phytoconstituents present in the extract were responsible for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities.

Pharmacological screening of ethanolic extract of Pithecellobium dulce for antiarthritic activity in Rats

Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disorder in which cartilage of the joint is gradually lost and categorized by swelling of joints, pain, and loss of function. The present study was conducted to explore the antiarthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Pithecellobium dulce against formaldehyde induced at sub plantar region of the left hind paw during days 1 and 3 of the study period. The changes observed in paw diameter during the study period, various biochemical, and haematological parameters were monitored. The Radiographic analysis and histopathology significantly improved after treatment with test extract P. dulce (250 mg/kg, b.w., p.o. ) as compared to the standard treatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, b.w., p.o. ).The results of the current investigation concluded that ethanolic extract of P. dulce possesses significant anti-arthritic activity against formaldehyde induced arthritis model, justifying its therapeutic role in arthritic conditions. The observed antiarthritic activity may be due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids and flavonoids. P. dulce significantly suppressed the paw oedema in formaldehyde models ( P <0.001). The Histopathological and radiographic studies of joints also showed a protective effect of P. dulce .

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic property of ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea

ObjectiveClitoria ternatea is a well-known bioactive plant used to treat several inflammatory ailments in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. The present investigation aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea roots (EECT) in animal models. MethodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of the EECT was evaluated by carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema. ResultsEECT showed a significant reduction in mean paw edema volume in both carrageenan and histamine-induced inflammation. The efficacy of EECT in rheumatoid arthritis was tested against Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic model in Wistar rats. The anti-arthritic effect of EECT was determined by systematic scoring of arthritis symptoms and measuring paw edema. A considerable decrease in paw diameter was observed in the EECT (200 and 400 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) treated groups after day 7. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and EECT (400 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in paw diameter from day 14 compared with CFA control (P < 0.001). The anti-arthritic activity was also confirmed from the altered biochemical, haematological (Hb, RBC and WBC) and anti-oxidant parameters (SOD, MDA, CAT, and GSH). EECT (400 and 200 mg/kg) also showed a marked inhibition of joint destruction. ConclusionThis study provides a pharmacological rationale for the traditional use of C. ternatea against inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis in India.

Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon leaf extract and its chloroform fraction attenuates acute and chronic arthritis in albino rats

The plant Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon has been traditionally claimed for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, hence in the present study the effect of the crude ethanolic extract (CSEE) from leaves of the plant and its chloroform fraction (CSCF) were evaluated in acute and chronic arthritic model. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for CSEE and chloroform fraction (CSCF). Formaldehyde (2%v/v), turpentine oil emulsion (10%v/v) and complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) were injected intraplantar in left hind paw of wistar albino rats. Paw swelling, body weight, serum enzyme markers, hematological parameters and histopathological analysis were observed in arthritic control group, extract and fraction treated groups. Phytochemical screening signified the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in CSEE and in CSCF. The plant extract and chloroform fraction possesses dose dependent antiarthritic effect in acute and CFA induced arthritic model by normalizing the level of serum enzyme biomarkers, hematological, body weight abnormalities and also amended the histopathological changes when compare to arthritic control group. Moreover, quantification of β-sitosterol was done by HPTLC technique in CSCF and the percentage area was found to be 18.57% (w/w). HPTLC fingerprinting of CSEE and CSCF revealed presence of various phytochemical constituents. The observations confirmed that the ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction of leaves of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon exhibits anti-arthritic potential. • The current study highlighted on phytochemical analysis and anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction of leaves of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. • β-sitosterol was detected in chloroform fraction as marker compound through HPTLC. • The chloroform fraction showed remarkable anti-arthritic effect in CFA induced arthritic model. • This finding thus scientifically supports the traditional claim of the plant for the treatment of arthritis.

Anti-Arthritic Activity of Leaf of Carissa carandas (L) against Adjuvant- Induced Arthritis in Rat

Background: Carissa carandas (Apocynaceae) also known as Karonda. The plant has been used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homoeopathic system medicine for over thousands of years. The leaves of this plant has shown astringent, antidiabetic, anti-inflammation and anti-pyretic activity and also used in the rheumatism. Objectives: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf of Carissa carandas against adjuvant - induced arthritis in rat. Materials and Methods: In this study both male as well as female Wister arts were used in the study. Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.1ml of freund’s complete adjuvant intra-dermally into the left hind paw of the rats. The paw volume, hematological, biochemical, radiographic and histopathological study were evaluated. Results: The extract shows significant reduction in the paw volume which was comparable with the standard and treated as well as normal group. The study reveals that extract as well as standard group shows mild reduction of paw volume where as in negative control sclerosis was seen. The changes in haematological parameters adjuvant induced arthritis shown there was significant increase of RBC count and haemoglobin, while there was significant decrease in WBC count and ESR of arthritic rats in comparison to control. The biochemical parameters such as ALT, ALP, and AST in arthritis induced by CFA group 2 it also showed that the administration of Carissa carandas at doses of 200mg and 400mg/kg in group 4, 5 and standard, in which a significant difference in the triglycerides was found. Conclusion: The effect of anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf of Carissa carandas was investigated in the present study may be due to synergistic effect of phytoconstituents, since the plant contains the active principle which are able to target through multiple mechanisms and which is used in pathophysiology of arthritis

ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA AGAINST FCA INDUCED ARTHRITIS

The present investigation is aimed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of the ethanol extract of root of Momordica charantia (EEMR) by using Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis model which is a extensively used model for in-vivo study of anti-arthritic activity. Arthritis assessment was carried out on basis of parameters i.e. arthritis score, joint diameter and paw volume. The standard drug was diclofenac sodium. The findings of present study showed that EEMR in dose of 400 mg/kg produced more significant reduction in arthritis score, joint diameter and paw volume as compare to 200 mg/kg. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that EEMR showed significant anti-arthritic activity. It may be due to presence of phytocompounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins etc.

Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritic rat model

Objective: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ECP) in adjuvant arthritic (AA) rat model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). Methods: Thirty healthy albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups. Arthritis was induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and then treated with ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for 28 days. The various parameters like paw volume, haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, Hb and ESR), and radiological studies were assessed. Results: In FCA induced arthritic rats, there was significant increase in rat paw volume whereas both doses of ECP treated groups showed strong significant reduction in paw volume. The altered haematological parameters in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to near normal by the treatment with ECP at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further radiological studies revealed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP by preventing cartilage and bone destruction of the arthritic joints of AA rats. Conclusion: ECP has shown anti-arthritic activity with a significant decrease in paw volume and it could significantly normalize the haematological abnormalities in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Further radiological studies confirmed the anti-arthritic activity of ECP. Key words: Caesalpinia pulcherrima , Arthritis, Freund’s complete adjuvant, Haematological, Paw volume.

Anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract from the leaves of Commiphora caudata (Linn.) in complete Freund′s adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multi-system disease of unknown cause. It affects people in their prime of life, predominantly between the ages of 20 and 50 years with an unpredictable course. The present study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Commiphora caudata leaves in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rats. Materials and Methods: Arthritis was induced by sub-cutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of CFA in rats. Arthritic arts were divided into different groups and ethanolic extract of C. caudata leaves (EECCL) was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o for 28 days. The control group received Tween 20 for 28 days. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p) was used as a standard drug. Paw volumes were recorded on 7, 14, 21 and 28 day using a plethysmometer. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment from all the groups to analyze the serological rheumatic factors: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum rheumatic factor (SRF) and hematological parameters. EECCL was also tested for protein denaturation and membrane stabilization activities. Statistical Analysis: All data were expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test was used to compare the mean values of test groups and control. Results: The EECCL (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) showed significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) reduction in paw volume, change in body weight in CFA rats at 28 day when compared with arthritic control rats. In addition, EECCL with dose 400 mg/kg, p.o significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) increase the red blood cells, hemoglobin and above the 400 mg/kg dose significantly (P < 0.001) decrease the white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, SRF and CRP when compared with arthritic control rats. Conclusion : The results obtained from the present study revealed the potential anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract from the leaves of C. caudata.

Anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Linn.) in Sprague Dawley rats

Objective:To determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae) in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model.Materials and Methods:The plant was collected from different regions of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, and the phytoconstituents were identified through chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for anti-arthritic screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of T. procumbens was studied at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, the liver enzyme levels were determined and a radiological examination was carried out.Result:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of T. procumbens indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. T. procumbens at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. T. procumbens animals showed dose dependent reduction in decrees in body weight and arthritis. At the same time, T. procumbens significantly altered the biochemical and haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of T. procumbens was comparable with that of indomethacin.Conclusion:The whole plant extract of T. procumbens showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female SD rats.

Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats

The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) and arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimation of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) value and levels of selected cytokines (TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6). Whole blood was used for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Liver homogenate was utilized for assessment of oxidative stress and histopathology was performed to measure degree of inflammation in synovial joint. Our results suggest that, percentage reduction in body weight was less, paw edema volume and arthritic index score was decreased significantly as compared to diseased control animals. Serum levels of RF, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 also showed decreased levels as compared to those in the diseased control group. Treatment with MOEE also altered oxidative stress in relation to its anti-inflammatory activity. Histopathological observations showed mild or less infiltration of lymphocytes, angiogenesis and synovial lining thickening. From all above results and observations, it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera possesses promising antiarthritic property.