Anthropomorphic Characters Research Articles

후백제 기와문양을 응용한 영유아 생활한복 디자인 개발

This study aimed to develop designs of Saenghwal hanbok for infants and toddlers using Hubaekje roof-tile patterns. For the method of research, characters were selected after reviewing Hubaekje roof-tiles and collected 142 young children’s Saenghwal hanboks sold online through a keyword search. Using Adobe Illustrator CS6, the designs of character textile and flat designs were modeled and mapped to produce samples. The results were as follows. First, lotus convex tile patterns were selected to develop characters, which were excavated from the Donggo fortress in Jeonju and Maro fortress in Gwangyang. According to the characteristics of young children’s animistic thinking, the above patterns were chosen to develop simplified and anthropomorphic characters tailored to their eye level. Second, based on the results of the market research, the development directions increased the ratio of boy’s clothing, focused on developing single-product items with a sense of Hanbok, adjusted 2018 trend colors into pastel tones, and added Hanbok detail elements to western patterns. Third, a series of characters was created by putting features in the tile patterns and applying circular spots around the eye to show unity and friendliness. Then, 7 textile designs were developed by applying the characters as motives. Fourth, the designs of Saenghwal hanbok items were developed into 6 items (baenaet jeogori, baenae gown, body suit, sleepers, pajama vest, underwear), reflecting the market research that revealed the lack of single items. In particular, the Git (collar part) was designed to be banded (sibori) so that it could be easily produced and settled comfortably on their body. Lastly, character textiles were mapped in flat designs and samples were made.

Auto/Biography After Disaster: The Year in Puerto Rico

Auto/Biography After DisasterThe Year in Puerto Rico Ricia Anne Chansky (bio) How do I mark myself safe or ask if someone else is safe during a disaster? When you receive a notification from Facebook asking if you're safe, tap Tell Friends You're Safe. Facebook, Help Center On September 20, 2017, Hurricane María made landfall in Puerto Rico and ravaged the island. The rising temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean—created by a continued dedication to producing fossil fuels despite the severity of the environmental crisis in the Anthropocene Era—triggered several large-scale hurricanes in the 2017 and 2018 storm seasons. Puerto Rico's colonial status as a territory of the United States, however, has generated a second, human-made humanitarian crisis in the aftermath of the hurricane. In a series of moves by the US federal government that clearly positioned Puerto Ricans as second-class citizens, essential supplies and assistance did not appear in a timely manner (if at all), causing a staggeringly high number of deaths and prompting a second wave of the contemporary mass migration to the continental United States.1 In this year of natural and human-made disasters, a spate of e-memoirs, digital narratives, and online auto/biographical acts have emerged from Puerto Rico that speak to the sense of urgency in life stories crafted in the wake of disaster. In this essay, I will focus on hurricane narratives that were digitally self-published in Puerto Rico in the twelve-month period following María. I have previously used the term "ugly auto/biography" to refer to the fast, unrefined, and unrevised hurricane memoirs that were written by my students when our classes at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez resumed on October 30, 2017. At this time, the majority of residents were still without electricity and access to telecommunications, while others were living in various states of precarity due to compromised housing, lack of food and/or potable water, and [End Page 124] inability to access medical care. In a recent essay on disaster pedagogy, I articulate that the term "ugly" in this usage does not enter into a binary signifying a story worth less than another, different sort of a narrative.2 Instead, I argue that the term denotes the rawness and urgency of these narratives—recorded in periods of great instability and voiced from spaces of crisis and danger—that manifest without time for reflection or editorial intervention from either the author or nonauthorial agent. Such narratives outline particular types of life stories, ones that we might recognize and engage with for different reasons and in different ways than those crafted with the benefit of a narrating "I" who has the luxury of time and the advantage of distance from the event or events that motivated the act of narration. Auto/biographers can be self-aware in these narratives that something different may be published as more time passes. "In the months and years to come," M. Kelley states in her hastily-produced disaster narrative, "I believe there will be an outpouring of stories" (2). The primary emphasis in these initial e-narratives may not necessarily be the craft of storytelling but the need for sharing the life story at this juncture. Rangely J. García Colón tells one of these life stories. Otherwise known as "Rad Rangy," García Colón is a self-proclaimed "Art Director/Illustrator/Writer/Comic Book Artist & crazy bird lady from Puerto Rico" (@radrangy), who has won three Emmy Awards for her animation and writing for children's shows (García Colón). Her work tends to revolve around anthropomorphic characters who have highly urbanized adventures. In her fictional comix, she uses a sophisticated visual style that blends action-oriented scenes with elements of classic noir aesthetics, and she typically produces full-color images. This sense of immediacy in post-disaster narratives is easily seen in the contrasting visual style adopted by García Colón in her webcomic, Ave María: A Comic Diary of a Category 5 Disaster. García Colón's visual diary of Hurricane María and its aftermath was posted on her...

The Fantastic Shakespeare: Character’s Passionary Confocality in the Aspect of Reception

Based on J. Baudrillard’s methodology on the beginning of the era of hyperreality as the “world of simulation”, the article under discussion substantiates the expansion of science fiction horizons by means of “reversing the imaginary”. The latter notion is mostly marked with the inter-penetration of fictional worlds, which are genealogically revealed only in their connection with new genre forms. Particular emphasis in the “hyperreal indifference” of science fiction narratives has been laid on intertextual ties. The article updates the issue of intertextual potential of the personosphere of science fiction and fantasy, which, according to Tz. Todorov, presupposes “reader’s active integration into the world of characters”. In this way, the specifics of including the “fantasy” characters of Shakespeare’s plays into the intertextual space of science fiction has been analyzed. Much attention has been paid to the figure of William Shakespeare as a character in literary texts by American science fiction writer Clifford Simak (1904–1988) “The Goblin Reservation” (1968) and “Shakespeare’s Planet” (1976). Another emphasis has been laid on the peculiarities of synthesizing science fiction and fantasy that form the so-called “simulative hyperreality” by means of combining several models of personosphere – fairy, fantastic, fantasy, mystical, and other – in the creative activities of C. Simak. They function in accordance with the principle of combining the image fields, whose imagological vectors are constantly intersecting with each other. What is more, the personosphere has been attracted not by the protagonist, but by some confocal figure (a sage or a sentinel, according to C. Jung), who is absolutely neutral, however has a reliable “point of view”, thus winning reader’s receptive trust. In this case, W. Shakespeare is regarded as a confocal and, at the same time, passionary character, for he is presented as an imaginative nucleus of a personosphere, and not only as an intertextual phantasm (according to R. Barthes) or an atroponimic allusion. Therefore, this “penetration” of Shakespeare into science fiction may be considered as an essential intertextual ideologeme (according to J. Kristeva). Entering the world of other characters, his passionary status pushes away the center of the personosphere, thus generating the development of plot events. This is why the chronotope version, suggested by the American writer (whereby realistic, fantastic, fantasy and even mystical characters coexist quite peacefully), stands out as rather logical for Shakespeare’s timeless image, whose idiorhythmic nature is able to fit any context, ironically refuting the so-called “Shakespeare’s Question”. The article under studies also points out Shakespeare’s interrelations with a mystical anthropomorphic character Spirit, whose “traces” (in J. Derrida’s interpretation) frequently “run into” the figure of Shakespeare. Hence, it might be concluded that Shakespeare’s immanent presence strengthens the integrity of a literary text, as well as denounces the inferiority of its function in the personosphere, whereas in the aspect of reception, it intercepts the readers’ attention, shifting away the rest of the imaginative centers of the novel.

Koch, Carpani, and Momigny

This study examines historical writings about the “Classical” string quartet, a genre often compared to artful conversation. The conversation metaphor implicitly suggests “multiple agency” (Klorman 2016), whereby the four parts (or players) are interpreted as representing independent characters or personas. This paradigm contrasts sharply with the more monological musical personifications advanced in many recent writings on musical agency, such as Cone’s influentialThe Composer’s Voice(1974), which posit a “central intelligence” representing the “mind” of the composition, its fictional protagonist, or its composer. Focusing principally on discussions of Haydn’s and Mozart’s quartets in H. C. Koch’sVersuch(1793), J. J. de Momigny’sCours complet(1806), and G. Carpani’sLe Haydine(1812), I examine whether instrumental personas postulated by each author constitute genuine agents, according to criteria developed in Monahan 2013. At issue is whether personas are described as possessing (1) such anthropomorphic qualities as sentience, volition, and emotion; and (2) a capacity for independent action or utterance.

Mega Voltage Cone Beam Computed Tomography (MV- CBCT) using a Standard Medical Linear Accelerator and EPID: A feasibility study.

Introduction: The success of radiotherapy cancer treatment delivery depends on the accuracy of patient positioning for each treatment session. A number of kilovoltage x-ray volumetric imaging modalities with an additional source and detector have been developed to allow patient set-up verification based on the internal anatomy, but a significant portion of medical linacs are only equipped with electronics portal imaging device (EPID) as a planar imaging system. The aim of this study is investigating the feasibility of megavoltage cone beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) using medical linac and EPID to obtain volumetric data for 3D representation of patient in treatment position. Materials and Methods: The MV-CBCT system consists of an amorphous silicon EPID with an active area of 41×41 cm2 attached to an Elekta Precise linac. Initially, the quality control tests were performed to evaluate the safety features, mechanical stability and quality of the megavoltage imaging system. The MV-CBCT scanning protocol was divided into three major parts. In the first part, Step and Shoot delivery mode was used to acquire projections of an anthropomorphic head phantom and quality assurance phantom in increments of 30 with 3 MU and x-rays of 6 MV energy over 3600 of gantry rotation. Afterwards, noise reduction was conducted by applying 2D adaptive wiener filter to projections. Furthermore, it is found that scatter produces cupping artifacts and increase uniformity variations across the reconstructed tomograms. Therefore, a scatter correction method which is based on a superposition of Monte Carlo generated scatter kernels was applied to the portal images. In the latest part of the research, the Feldkamp cone-beam algorithm used to reconstruct the 2D portal images to a 3D image, then, image quality characteristics such as; uniformity, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution were investigated using the Gammex phantom Results: The safety interlocks were found to be functional. The EPID response uniformity was within 97% across the detector. Contrast resolution of the MV imaging system was found to agree with the recommended tolerance; and the value of f50 for spatial resolution was 0.41lp/mm for 6 MV. The supporting arm deviation was within ±1 mm, and corrections are required to realign the projections. Reconstructed slices from the spatial and contrast resolution modules of the Gammex phantom shown that the 4 lp/cm section was clearly resolvable, and also bone, air, polyethylene, and acrylic inserts can be clearly resolved, with bone and air having the greatest and polyethylene having the lowest contrast, which improved after scatter correction. Furthermore, the maximum uniformity variation was determined of 15.75%-pixel intensity units which reduced significantly after scatter correction. Conclusion: The result of this study has demonstrated that EPID can be used to acquire volumetric images with high enough quality to improve patient alignment prior to dose delivery.

The statistics of mesoscopic systems and the physical interpretation of extensive and non-extensive entropies

The postulates of thermodynamics lead to the definition of the entropy, which, for a macrosocpic system, is a homogeneous function of order one in the extensive variables and is maximized at equilibrium. For a mesoscopic system, by definition, the size and the contacts with other systems influence its thermodynamic properties and therefore the entropy is not a homogeneous function of order one in the extensive variables. While for macroscopic systems and homogeneous entropies the equilibrium conditions are clearly defined, it is not so clear how the non-extensive entropies should be applied for the calculation of equilibrium properties of mesoscopic systems—for example it is not clear what is the role played by the boundaries and the contacts between the subsystems. We propose here a general definition of the entropy in the equilibrium state, which is applicable to both, macroscopic and mesoscopic systems. This still leaves an apparent ambiguity in the definition of the entropy of a mesoscopic system, but this we recognize as the signature of the anthropomorphic character of the entropy. To exemplify our approach, we analyze four formulas for the entropy and calculate the equilibrium distributions of probabilities by two methods for each.

Dehumanized Victims: Analogies and Animal Avatars for Palestinian Suffering in Waltz with Bashir and “War Rabbit”

A common convention in comics and animation is the use of animal stand-ins to provide an access point for human experiences. Whether representing anthropomorphized characters navigating very human experiences or depicting four-legged creatures impacted by human action, this strategy has the manifest intent of fostering viewer identification and empathy. In particular, artists sometimes deploy animal avatars in representations of persecution and historical trauma to avoid depicting identity categories such as race, nationality and sexuality, which constitute the ostensible basis for persecution. In this way, the use of animals to represent human suffering universalizes experiences for which difference matters. In this essay, I explore how these animal stand-ins enable or foreclose empathy with Palestinian victims in the close reading of two primary texts, “War Rabbit” and Waltz with Bashir, which employ animal avatars in place of a direct depiction of Palestinian suffering. These illustrated narratives, one a comic and one an animated film, visually rhyme animal and human suffering and verbally lament the deaths of animals. I argue that both texts fail to unpack the analogies they construct, such that these constructions ultimately represent the actual Palestinians victims as being mute and irrational. Thus this use of animal avatars, which is meant to be foster empathy, is instead oblique, and risks further dehumanizing victims and negating their experiences.

Seeing More Than Human: Autism and Anthropomorphic Theory of Mind.

Theory of mind (ToM) is defined as the process of taking another’s perspective. Anthropomorphism can be seen as the extension of ToM to non-human entities. This review examines the literature concerning ToM and anthropomorphism in relation to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), specifically addressing the questions of how and why those on the spectrum both show an increased interest for anthropomorphism and may even show improved ToM abilities when judging the mental states of anthropomorphic characters. This review highlights that while individuals with ASD traditionally show deficits on a wide range of ToM tests, such as recognizing facial emotions, such ToM deficits may be ameliorated if the stimuli presented is cartoon or animal-like rather than in human form. Individuals with ASD show a greater interest in anthropomorphic characters and process the features of these characters using methods typically reserved for human stimuli. Personal accounts of individuals with ASD also suggest they may identify more closely with animals than other humans. It is shown how the social motivations hypothesized to underlie the anthropomorphizing of non-human targets may lead those on the spectrum to seek social connections and therefore gain ToM experience and expertise amongst unlikely sources.

“Animals Like Us”: Identifying with Nonhuman Animals and Support for Nonhuman Animal Rights

ABSTRACTWhile anthropomorphizing nonhuman animals has been shown to increase identification with them and, by extension, concern for their wellbeing, little research has directly tested whether identifying with nonhuman animals is similarly associated with concern for their wellbeing. We tested hypotheses related to this premise across three cross-sectional studies. In study 1 (n = 224), we tested the hypothesis that therians—a group of people who self-identify with nonhuman animals, show greater concern for nonhuman animal rights than non-therian furries—people with a fan-like interest in media featuring anthropomorphized animal characters. In study 2 (n = 206), we further tested this hypothesis using implicit and explicit measures of identification with nonhuman animals to predict behavioral intentions to support nonhuman animal rights. In study 3 (n = 182), we tested the generalizability of our findings in a sample of undergraduate students. Taken together, the studies show that explicit, but not implicit, identification with nonhuman animals predicts greater support for their rights. The implications of these findings for research on anthropomorphism and animal rights activism are discussed, as well as the limitations of these findings and possible avenues for future research.

Children’s Cognition and the Inference of Life Phenomenon about Anthropomorphic Characters

Objective This study aimed to investigate the cognition of life phenomenon regarding anthropomorphic characters according to the characters’ properties amongst children aged 3, 4, and 5. Methods 95 children aged 3 to 5 years from two child-care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggido participated in this study. Each child was interviewed individually and completed cognition and inference of life phenomenon tasks. Results First, preschoolers considered anthropomorphic animal characters as animals. Children aged 3, 4, and 5 were likely to refer to the animation characters as alive and considered animation characters to have many biological and psychological traits. Second, there were significant differences in children’s inferences of life phenomena according to the properties of the anthropomorphic characters. Preschoolers considered low anthropomorphic animation characters to have more biological traits and reality. For low actuality characters, preschoolers considered them to have more reality. Third, there were significant differences in children’s inferences of reality according to their age: 5-year-olds were more likely to infer the animation character as an imaginary entity, compared to 3- year-olds. Conclusion As the literature related to children’s cognition about anthropomorphic characters is limited, this study investigated what children think about animation characters and offers useful guidelines for the development of educational media or applications for young children. Keywords: cognition of life phenomenon, inference of life phenomenon, anthropomorphic animal character, animation character

Tikriniai velniavardžiai lietuvių tarmėse ir tautosakoje

Lietuvių tatmėse ir tautosakoje užfiksuoti 22 skirtingi tikriniai velnio vardai. Drauge su įvairiose Lietuvos vietose vartojamais tarminiais variantais jų esama netoli penkiasdešimties. Dažniausiai tai populiarūs krikšto vardai, nekrikštavardinių velniavardžių pasitaiko palyginti retai. Šiame straipsnyje jie aptariami kilmės, darybos ir funkcijos aspektu. krikštavardiniai velniavardžiai gali būti įvairios kilmės: hebrajų, graikų, lotynų, rečiau germanų arba slavų. Etninėje kultūroje velnias dažnai suvokiamas kaip antropomorfinis personažas, todėl ir jam taikomi antroponimai palyginti neblogai atspindi lietuviams nuo seno įprastą krikštavardžių įvairovę. Didžiausiu variantiškumu (fonetikos, morfologijos, žodžių darybos skirtumais) pasižymi pragaro valdovo tikriniai vardai. Antroponimai linkę virsti velnio eufemizmais arba mįslių žodžiais todėl, kad neturi leksinės reikšmės. Tikriniai velnio vardai tautosakos tekstuose gali atlikti penkias skirtingas funkcijas: apeliatyvinę, maginę, eufemistinę, pragmatinę, apotropinę.

Anthropomorphic Character on Prototyping Cognitive Video Game for Preschoolers

Anthropomorphic Character on Prototyping Cognitive Video Game for Preschoolers

Indigenous Heraldry: Transferring ethnic imagery from the mundane to the canonical

European heraldry presents itself as an intriguing collection of symbols that trace their roots to a number of sources, some of which are obvious to spot, while otters still lay in obscurity. When talking about heraldry, it is safe bet to assume that, for instance, the symbols that are collected from the animal kingdom underwent a process which transferred them a series of anthropomorphic qualities. The situation was no different for elements that were inspired by vegetation and celestial entities. Heraldry, as it is presented in academic environments, primarily traces its roots to the Old World – as a result, most heraldic symbols are directly linked to key-features, both cultural and environmental, that are native to the land. This turned into a major obstacle in the dawn of the early days of post-colonialism, marked by strong movement that aimed at restoring indigenous symbolism on coat of arms and flags of territories that earned their right to self-governance, or independence. This paper is focusing on giving an interpretation regarding the selection of heraldic symbols and vexillological chromatic schemes that were adopted by Russia’s federal subjects with a significant indigenous population. This will include an autonomous okrug, and autonomous republic, and a district from within a kray. We aim at determining if the used symbols reflect, or not, local indigenous identities, if the symbols that are used are entirely of European extraction, or if specific indigenous symbols made their way into the coat of arms of the featured territories. The research that was made concluded that the territories that are situated east of the Urals managed to customize their heraldic design through inserting element extracted from vernacular folklore, while the European territories have a more orthodox approach, using traditional heraldic motifs.

Traces of the Trinity in the Old Testament: From Individual Texts to the Nature of Revelation

This article uncovers traces of the Trinity in the Old Testament. Different from traditional exegesis, it is argued that alleged allusions to God's plurality in specific texts, and examples of personified agents such as the Angel of the Lord, are less important and often inconclusive. The nature of Old Testament ‘monotheism’, however, supports trinitarian logic, and important traces of the Trinity are demonstrated in in-depth structures of Old Testament theology: the anthropomorphic character of revelation, the second commandment, God's name as narrative self-identification and the tendency of God's coming to his people.

Shoah Et Bande Desinée

Shoah Et Bande Desinée

From Classroom to Asylum

From Classroom to Asylum

Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future

As robots are generally thought to perform human-like tasks, they depend on the successes of information technology in the area of artificial intelligence to succeed in such pursuits. But robots, through their anthropomorphic character and their weighty presence in science fiction, attract the attention of the press and the media in a way that, at times, blurs the distinction between the actual state of the art and exaggerated claims. This makes it hard to assess the true functional positioning of robots, how this is likely to move forward and whether the outcome of progress could be detrimental to human society. The aim of this paper is to review the actual level of competence that is being achieved in robotics research laboratories and a plausible impact that this is likely to have on human control over life and jobs. The key thesis here is that cognition in machines and even an artificial form of consciousness lead to operations in a set of tasks (the ‘algorithmic’ category) which is different from that available to truly cognitive and conscious human beings (the ‘life-need’ category): that is, in the paper it is argued that a major category error (Ryle in The concept of mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1949) looms in predictions of serious threats to humanity. As far as a threat to jobs goes, it is argued that early attention to education and re-skilling of humans in the workplace can lead to an effective symbiosis between people and robots.

La iglesia de Incahuasi. Notas sobre antropología simétrica, arquitectura e historia en los Andes peruanos septentrionales (Ferreñafe, Lambayeque)

Lambayeque saw retains a colonial temple with a unique architecture and history in the Peruvian Andes: the church of Incahuasi. This paper begins its detailed description in dialogue with ethnography and historiography of this region so little studied in the Andes, and examines the possibilities to consider two main issues: the context of developing, building and historical role of the temple as device particularly in the struggle for control over land, and its character –as the people of Incahuasi express– as ontological subject into the world. So, we rely on those elements that suggest their anthropomorphic character and its role «tamer» of the misadventures of the environment. Thus, as a preliminary proposal, we present the schemes of synchronic and diachronic processes through both temple and men are mutually.

A House Model from Popudnya, Cucuteni-Tripolye Culture, Ukraine: A New Interpretation

In 1911, during the excavation of a Cucuteni-Tripolye settlement near Popudnya, now Cherkasy Region, Ukraine, the Polish archaeologist Marian Himner discovered a unique house model reproducing the interior with two anthropomorphic characters. The model was repeatedly discussed in the archaeological literature. However, the analysis of the fi nd, owned by the National Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, and its parallels, using archival photographs of the early 1900s, kindly provided by Polish colleagues, suggests a different interpretation. The model shows the interior of a typical Tripolye house, similar to the interiors of buildings excavated at settlements of Tripolye BII–CI stage in the Bug-Dnieper watershed. Contrary to a popular view, there is no “idol” inside. Rather, there are two naturalistically rendered characters, male and female. The woman is grinding grain, and the man is sitting in front of the stove, watching her. The closest three-dimensional “narrative” models come from Sushkovka and Chichirkozovka settlements, related to the same “Tomashovka-Sushkovka” local group of sites as Popudnya. This group includes famous Tripolye giant settlements 300–400 ha in area, with an estimated population of 5–8 thousand. The naturalism of the Popudnya model resembles the style of anthropomorphic figurines from settlements of the same group. We suggest that the scene depicted by the model either refers to a specifi c folkloric or mythological motif or visualizes a benevolent formula relating to household foundation.

Measuring the Uncanny Valley Effect

Using a hypothetical graph, Masahiro Mori proposed in 1970 the relation between the human likeness of robots and other anthropomorphic characters and an observer’s affective or emotional appraisal of them. The relation is positive apart from a U-shaped region known as the uncanny valley. To measure the relation, we previously developed and validated indices for the perceptual-cognitive dimension humanness and three affective dimensions: interpersonal warmth, attractiveness, and eeriness. Nevertheless, the design of these indices was not informed by how the untrained observer perceives anthropomorphic characters categorically. As a result, scatter plots of humanness vs. eeriness show the stimuli cluster tightly into categories widely separated from each other. The present study applies a card sorting task, laddering interview, and adjective evaluation ( $$N=30$$ ) to revise the humanness, attractiveness, and eeriness indices and validate them via a representative survey ( $$N = 1311$$ ). The revised eeriness index maintains its orthogonality to humanness ( $$r=.04$$ , $$p=.285$$ ), but the stimuli show much greater spread, reflecting the breadth of their range in human likeness and eeriness. The revised indices enable empirical relations among characters to be plotted similarly to Mori’s graph of the uncanny valley. Accurate measurement with these indices can be used to enhance the design of androids and 3D computer animated characters.