Changes In Anterior Chamber Depth Research Articles

Change in Anterior Chamber Depth and Intraocular Pressure after Phacoemulsification Surgery of Senile Cataract

Change in Anterior Chamber Depth and Intraocular Pressure after Phacoemulsification Surgery of Senile Cataract

Comparative study of induced changes in effective lens position and refraction after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy according to intraocular lens design.

PurposeTo evaluate and compare the changes in refraction and effective intraocular lens (IOL) position between a plate-haptic IOL and a c-loop single-piece IOL after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy.MethodsIn a prospective study, anterior chamber depth and subjective refraction were measured in 110 pseudophakic eyes from 110 patients, before and 1 month after YAG laser capsulotomy. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the IOL design: group 1 (plate-haptic acrylic hydrophilic AT LISA tri 839MP®) and group 2 (c-loop acrylic hydrophobic single-piece AcrySof® SA60AT). Lens position was obtained through optical coherence biometry (Biograph WaveLight OB820®).ResultsYAG laser capsulotomy was performed 37.8±9.8 months after surgery in group 1 and 40.6±8.6 months in group 2 (p=0.125). Significant changes were found in the lens effective position after treatment in the 2 groups. The YAG posterior capsulotomy led to a change of anterior chamber depth in group 1 from 4.03±0.32 mm to 3.86±0.34 mm (p=0.02) and in group 2 from 4.03±0.37 mm to 4.14±0.45 mm (p=0.025). After YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, no significant changes were observed in mean spherical equivalent, sphere or cylinder for both groups (p>0.05).ConclusionYAG laser posterior capsulotomy can induce a significant change in the IOL position according to the IOL type; however, the refractive change after treatment is clinically insignificant.

UBM measured changes in anterior chamber depth following pediatric IOL surgery with optic capture

UBM measured changes in anterior chamber depth following pediatric IOL surgery with optic capture

Anterior Segment Changes during Accommodation in Accommodative Esotropia.

PurposeTo evaluate the anterior segment biometric parameters of non-accommodative and accommodative refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE).MethodsEighty-one eyes of 81 patients were included in this prospective, case-control study. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: the RAE group (n = 31), the hypermetropia group (n = 25), and the emmetropia group (n = 25). Measurements were obtained in the non-accommodative (0.0 diopters) and accommodative status (-5.0 diopters) using a Pentacam HR. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), pupil diameter (PD), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were evaluated at all four quadrants.ResultsThe ACD, ACV and PD values in the RAE group were lower than those of the other groups in both states (p < 0.05). The ACD values were lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group for the non-accommodative status (p = 0.024) but were similar for the accommodative status (p = 0.225). PD and ACV values were lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group in both states (non-accommodative status, p = 0.011 and p = 0.022; accommodative status, p = 0.026 and p = 0.034, respectively). Changes in ACD, ACV and PD during accommodation (Δ) were not significant in the RAE group but were significant for the other groups (hypermetropia: ΔACD, p = 0.001; ΔACV, p = 0.001; ΔPD, p = 0.002; emmetropia: ΔACD, p < 0.001; ΔACV, p = 0.001; ΔPD, p < 0.001). These changes were significantly lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group (ΔACD, p = 0.012; ΔACV, p = 0.031; ΔPD, p = 0.034).ConclusionsThe anterior chamber in RAE patients was shallower and the increase in convexity of the anterior surface or forward movement of the crystalline lens was more limited during accommodation in RAE.

Ocular biometric changes with different accommodative stimuli using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

To evaluate ocular biometric changes with different accommodative stimuli using a new swept-source optical biometer. Only the right eye was analyzed. Each subject was measured six times with the IOLMaster 700 swept-source optical biometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) with the subject looking at the stimulus shown by the instrument and with the subject looking at a target placed outside the instrument at 0D of vergence. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white (WTW), and keratometry readings (K1 and K2) were evaluated in both cases. To assess if the changes found may affect the intraocular (IOL) power calculation for surgical applications, we have applied some formulae, using the software provided by the optical biometer manufacturer, to the ocular parameters found in both situations for three different types of IOLs. No statistically significant differences were found for AL, CCT, WTW, K1 and K2 between the subject looking at the stimulus of the biometer and looking at the outside target at 0D of vergence (p>0.05). However, the measurement of ACD revealed a statistically significant reduction of 20 microns (p=0.03) and, on the contrary, LT increased significantly 30 microns (p=0.02). ACD and LT changes were highly correlated (R2=0.91). As for the IOL power calculation, in all cases, the mean change was lower than 0.25 D both for IOL power selection and residual refraction. Although ACD and LT change significantly with different accommodative stimuli measured by swept-source optical biometry, these changes are not clinically relevant.

Mechanism of accommodation assessed by change in precisely registered ocular images associated with concurrent change in auto-refraction

Our purpose was to determine the changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central lens thickness (CLT) during pharmacologically induced accommodation. Following pupillary dilation with phenylephrine 10%, baseline auto-refractions and swept-source optical coherence tomographic biometric images (Zeiss IOLMaster 700) were obtained from the right eyes of 25 subjects aged 19 to 24years. Pilocarpine 4% and phenylephrine 10% were then instilled into these right eyes. One hour later, auto-refractions and biometric imaging were repeated. Only data from eight of 25 subjects met the following stringent criteria to be included in the study analysis: pre and post-pilocarpine biometric foveal images were registerable, the images of the corneal centers were shifted by ≤100μm, pupils >5mm and the pharmacologically induced refractive change was ≥ -7 diopters. The mean auto-refractive accommodative change for the eight included subjects was -12.45 diopters (± 3.45 diopters). The mean change in CLT was 81μm (± 54μm) and the mean change in ACD was -145μm (± 86μm). Superimposition of the registered pre and post-pilocarpine biometric images of the sagittal sections of the whole eye from each subject demonstrated that the position of the whole lens did not shift either anteriorly, posteriorly or vertically during pharmacologically induced accommodation. A small increase in lens thickness was associated with a large change in accommodative amplitude and no significant change in lens position as predicted by the Schachar theory.

Image registration reveals central lens thickness minimally increases during accommodation.

PurposeTo evaluate anterior chamber depth, central crystalline lens thickness and lens curvature during accommodation.SettingCalifornia Retina Associates, El Centro, CA, USA.DesignHealthy volunteer, prospective, clinical research swept-source optical coherence biometric image registration study of accommodation.MethodsTen subjects (4 females and 6 males) with an average age of 22.5 years (range: 20–26 years) participated in the study. A 45° beam splitter attached to a Zeiss IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Jena, Germany) biometer enabled simultaneous imaging of the cornea, anterior chamber, entire central crystalline lens and fovea in the dilated right eyes of subjects before, and during focus on a target 11 cm from the cornea. Images with superimposable foveal images, obtained before and during accommodation, that met all of the predetermined alignment criteria were selected for comparison. This registration requirement assured that changes in anterior chamber depth and central lens thickness could be accurately and reliably measured. The lens radii of curvatures were measured with a pixel stick circle.ResultsImages from only 3 of 10 subjects met the predetermined criteria for registration. Mean anterior chamber depth decreased, −67 μm (range: −0.40 to −110 μm), and mean central lens thickness increased, 117 μm (range: 100–130 μm). The lens surfaces steepened, anterior greater than posterior, while the lens, itself, did not move or shift its position as appeared from the lack of movement of the lens nucleus, during 7.8 diopters of accommodation, (range: 6.6–9.7 diopters).ConclusionImage registration, with stable invariant references for image correspondence, reveals that during accommodation a large increase in lens surface curvatures is associated with only a small increase in central lens thickness and no change in lens position.

Changes in the anterior segment after cycloplegia with a biometer using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the anterior segment of the eye after cycloplegia. A biometer combined with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) was used for measurements. Patients with strabismus or amblyopia who underwent cycloplegia were included. The axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness were measured with the biometer–SSOCT system before and after cycloplegia. Altogether, 10 eyes of 10 patients (mean age 7.20 ± 3.08 years, range 4–14 years) were evaluated. The mean measurements before cycloplegia were 22.75 ± 0.96 mm axial length, 516 ± 33 μm central corneal thickness, 3.40 ± 0.21 mm anterior chamber depth, and 3.77 ± 0.26 mm lens thickness. The corresponding values after cycloplegia were 22.75 ± 0.95 mm, 519 ± 34 μm, 3.68 ± 0.16 mm, and 3.42 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The mean lens thickness had significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after cycloplegia, and the mean anterior chamber depth had significantly increased (P < 0.001). The means of the axial length (P = 0.66) and central corneal thickness (P = 0.17) had not changed significantly. The change in lens thickness was significantly correlated with the change in anterior chamber depth (r = −0.73, P = 0.02). The new biometer–SSOCT combination proved useful for accurately detecting changes in the anterior segment of the eye after cycloplegia in pediatric patients. The biometer’s measurements indicated increased anterior chamber depth and decreased lens thickness after cycloplegia. The anterior chamber depth increased relative to the decrease in lens thickness.

A randomized, fellow eye, comparison of keratometry, aberrometry, tear film, axial length and the anterior chamber depth after eye rubbing in non-keratoconic eyes

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of eye rubbing on keratometry (K), aberrometry, tear film break-up-time (TFBUT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD).MethodsVolunteers without any corneal pathology or dry eyes were randomised to rubbing in one eye and the fellow-eye was control. Eye rubbing was performed for 2 min. Primary outcomes studied were anterior and posterior K changes. Secondary outcomes were changes in TFBUT, axial length (AL) & ACD, K changes in various zones, asphericity and aberrometry. Pre and post rubbing K, aberrometry, ACD and TFBUT were assessed in a predetermined sequence. The relationship of the above parameters to axial length (AL) was also assessed. Astigmatism was analysed using vector analysis.ResultsPre versus post rubbing, anterior flatter K further flattened (42.51 ± 1.52 D vs. 42.36 ± 1.53 D, p = 0.003) and the changes to J0 vector in central cornea (−0.16 ± 0.26 D vs. -0.27 ± 0.33 D, p = 0.038) suggested change to against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. There was significant change in Z2+2 polynomial following rubbing. We found a positive correlation between axial length and change in posterior K (r = 0.335, p = 0.020). The TFBUT reduced following eye rubbing (15.3 s vs. 13.9 s, p = 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between AL and increase in ACD post rubbing (r = 0.300, p = 0.038). There was a positive correlation between ACD and change in mean posterior K (r = 0.305, p = 0.035).ConclusionsIn healthy eyes, following eye rubbing, there is a significant change in TFBUT and central anterior K changes towards ATR astigmatism. Longer eyes had more changes in posterior K and ACD. Whereas, eyes with deeper ACD showed more steepness of posterior K.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02131740.

The effect of ocular biometric factors on the accuracy of various IOL power calculation formulas

BackgroundTo evaluate how differences in ocular biometry affects the Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T, and Haigis intraocular lens power calculation formulae predictions.MethodsThis study was performed on 91 eyes of 91 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. Ocular biometry values were measured using the IOL Master 500, and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated using the Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas. We calculated the expected difference (ED) of each 3rd generation formula from the Haigis formula by subtracting the predicted refraction of the Haigis formula from the predicted refraction of each 3rd generation formula. Post-operative anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured at 1 month after surgery using the IOL master. We calculated errors of each formula by subtracting predicted from manifest refraction at post-operative 1 month. Correlation analysis was performed between ocular biometry values, formula expectation values, formula errors and absolute formula errors.ResultsMultiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative ACD was the only significant factor for ED prediction in all of the 3rd generation formulas. For mean errors, axial length and post-operative 1-month change of ACD (delta ACD) correlated significantly with the errors in all 3rd generation formulas, but not with errors of the Haigis formula. Median absolute error (MedAE) of the formulas were 0.40 D for the Hoffer Q formula, 0.37 D for the Holladay formula, 0.34 D for the SRK/T formula, and 0.41 D for the Haigis formula. The MAE of the formulas were 0.50 ± 0.47 D for the Hoffer Q formula, 0.50 ± 0.50 D for the Holladay formula, 0.47 ± 0.51 D for the SRK/T formula, and 0.50 ± 0.47 D for the Haigis formula.ConclusionRegarding ED between the third generation and Haigis formulas, preoperative ACD demonstrated the greatest influence. Calculating mean absolute errors of the formulas, all IOL formulas showed excellent and comparable accuracy. Post-operative change (delta) of ACD correlated significantly with errors of third generation formulas according to simulated ACD.

Biometric and intraocular pressure changes after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy

Objective. We aimed to investigate the influences of Nd:YAG ( neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet ) laser capsulotomy on ocular biometric parameters. Methods. In this prospective study, 117 eyes of 117 pseudophakic patients were included. Full ocular examination, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were performed before the procedure as well as one week, one month, and three months after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and pupil diameter (PD) were measured by LenStar 900 optical biometry. The measurements were repeated one week, one month, and three months. Results. The BCVA improvements at preoperative, one week, and one month were statistically significant, but no significant changes in the BCVA were found at one month and three months ( p =0.345). No association was found between the capsulotomy and mean IOP changes during the follow-up period ( p =0.300). No significant changes were found in the CCT ( p =0.059). The ACD changes occurred at preoperative; the first week and the first month were statistically significant ( p <0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between the first month and the third month ( p =0.365). No significant changes in the pupil size ( p =0.200) and AL ( p =0.112) were found after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that the BCVA parameter changed after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The BCVA and ACD values follow-up period should be at least one month after Nd:YAG capsulotomy.

Anterior Segment Biometry of the Accommodating Intraocular Lens and its Relationship With the Amplitude of Accommodation.

To evaluate the anterior segment biometry of the Tetraflex accommodating intraocular lens (AIOL) and the contribution of forward movement to the amplitude of accommodation (AMP). Patients who underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of Tetraflex AIOLs and control nonaccommodating intraocular lenses were imaged by custom-built, long scan depth spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at relaxed and maximal accommodative states. Anterior segment biometry was performed and correlated with the clinical manifestation including AMP. Patients in the Tetraflex group showed better distance-corrected near visual acuity (logMAR 0.43±0.10 vs. logMAR 0.51±0.10, P<0.05) and greater AMP (1.99±0.58 diopters [D] vs. 1.59±0.45 D, P<0.05) compared with the control group. The measurement of the postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) during accommodation showed a forward movement of the AIOLs in 16 eyes (69.6%). Compared with the control group, a greater proportion of cases in the Tetraflex group experienced forward movement (χ test, P<0.001). The AMP in the AIOL group negatively correlated with changes in postoperative ACD during accommodation (r=-0.47, P<0.05), whereas AMP in the control group negatively correlated with postoperative pupil diameter (r=-0.57, P<0.05). The Tetraflex AIOLs seemed to have a tendency for forward movement; however, the slight forward axial shifts of the Tetraflex AIOL during natural accommodation may not produce a clinically relevant change in optical power.

Tonographic Effect of Ocular Response Analyzer in Comparison to Goldmann Applanation Tonometry.

AimsThe tonographic effect is a phenomenon of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction following repeated tonometry. This study examines whether the tonographic effect occurs following IOP measurement performed with Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).MethodsBoth eyes of 31 glaucoma patients and 35 healthy controls underwent nine IOP-measurements performed with GAT and ORA. The number of GAT and ORA measurements performed on each eye differed depending on the randomly allocated investigation scheme. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were assessed with Pentacam before and after the repeated GAT/ORA measurements.ResultsThere was no statistically significant tonographic effect for IOP readings obtained by the ORA: corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) (-0.11 ± 3.06 mmHg, p = 0.843 in patients and -0.71 ± 3.28 mmHg, p = 0.208 for controls) and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) (-0.31 ± 2.38 mmHg, p = 0.469 in patients and -0.31 ± 2.37 mmHg, p = 0.441 in controls) measured with ORA. There was a significant IOP reduction from the first to the second GAT measurement, i.e. tonographic effect (-0.55 ± 2.00 mmHg, p = 0.138 in patients and -1.15 ± 1.52 mmHg, p < 0.001 in controls). CCT, corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were lower in glaucoma patients. The repeated IOP measurements resulted in an increase of CCT in all subjects (but no change of ACV and ACD). The tonographic effect of GAT correlated with CCT in glaucoma patients (r = 0.37).ConclusionIn contrast to GAT, repeated ORA measurements do not result in the tonographic effect. Repeated IOP measurements resulted in an increase of central corneal thickness, but did not influence the volume and depth of anterior chamber.

Change in central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, anterior chamber depth and axial length after repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Objective:To compare the effects of Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) and Scleral Buckling (SB) with reference to Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Corneal Endothelial-Cell Density (CED), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) and Axial Length (AL) in repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD).Methods:This comparative cross sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from July 2013 to July 2015. A total of 69 eyes of 69 patients which underwent repair of RRD by either PPV or SB were analyzed to compare mean change in CCT, CED, ACD and AL between two groups.Results:Mean age of patients was 56.23±5.22 years. Mean pre-operative CCT, CED, ACD and AL in PPV group was 533.06±13.28µm, 2231.67±164.57Cells/mm2, 3.37±0.18mm and 23.66±0.76mm respectively. Mean post-operative CCT, CED, ACD and AL in PPV group was 534.81±11.83µm, 2037.19±167.83 Cells/mm2, 3.24±0.13mm and 23.88±0.80mm respectively. Change in CED, ACD and AL from pre-operative value after PPV was statistically significant (p<0.001). Mean pre-operative CCT, CED, ACD and AL in SB group was 530.73±12.59 µm, 2161.79±161.96 Cells/mm2, 3.343±0.14mm and 23.67±0.82mm respectively. Mean post-operative CCT, CED, ACD and AL in SB group was 532.76±7.74 µm, 2158.27±156.58 Cells/mm2, 3.24±0.10mmand 25.71±0.86mm respectively. Change in ACD and AL from pre-operative value after SB was statistically significant (p<0.001). Mean change of CED, ACD and AL between two groups was also statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion:Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair causes ocular changes, with significantly more decrease in corneal endothelial cell density after pars plana vitrectomy, and more increase in anterior chamber depth and axial length after scleral buckling.

Anterior Chamber Depth Change Following Cataract Surgery in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome; a Preliminary Study.

Purpose:To assess the pseudophakic anterior chamber depth (PP-ACD) or effective lens position (ELP) change after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).Methods:Consecutive eyes with PEX and cataract underwent standard phacoemulsification and were implanted with single-piece acrylic posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs). Eyes with severe PEX and with axial length (AL) greater than 24 mm or less than 22 mm were not included. Eyes with capsular complication or unstable bags that needed capsular tension ring insertion were excluded. The SRK-II formula was applied to calculate IOL power for postoperative emmetropia. PP-ACD or ELP was measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Data obtained at one and six months post operation were evaluated during analysis.Results:Twenty-six eyes of 26 subjects (mean age: 72 years; range: 60–84 years) were studied. PP-ACD was deepened (mean change: 0.08 mm) and a concurrent hyperopic shift (0.3 D) was observed postoperatively between month 1 and month 6 (P values ≤0.002). PP-ACD and postoperative refraction changes were correlated with age and AL (P values < 0.025), respectively. Increased hyperopic shift and PP-ACD deepening in eyes with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was noted postoperatively at six months, but the difference was not statistically significant (P values = 0.15 and 0.2, respectively).Conclusion:After cataract surgery in eyes with PEX syndrome, a significant backward movement of the IOL occurs postoperatively in the first six months, which is associated with a concurrent small hyperopic shift.

Effects of hemodialysis on corneal and anterior chamber morphometry and intraocular pressure in patients with end-stage renal disease.

To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on corneal and anterior chamber morphometry, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with end-stage renal disease. Fifty right eyes were examined 30 minutes before and after HD. IOP was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer, and Ehlers' formula was used to calculate the corrected IOP values. The central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), keratometric values, anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) in the nasal and temporal quadrants were measured with a Sirius anterior segment analysis system. Blood urea nitrogen levels, body mass, and systolic and diastolic arterial pressure were also measured before and after HD. The mean age was 60.80 ± 13.38 (range: 35-80) years. The mean uncorrected and corrected IOP values decreased from 18.06 ± 3.91 and 18.31 ± 4.83 mmHg to 16.94 ± 3.87 and 16.95 ± 4.74 mmHg after HD, respectively (p=0.011 and p=0.003, respectively). The mean CCT decreased from 536.38 ± 24.73 to 533.18 ± 27.25 µm (p=0.002), and the mean CV decreased from 57.52 ± 3.15 to 55.68 ± 3.55 mm³ (p<0.001) after HD. There were no significant changes in ACD, AQD, ACV, ACA, or the keratometric values (p>0.05 for all values). There were no significant correlations between the ocular and systemic parameters (p>0.05 for all correlations). Uncorrected IOP, corrected IOP, CCT, and CV values decreased after HD, whereas the anterior chamber morphometry values remained similar between the measurements performed before and after HD.

Measurement of and Factors Associated with the Anterior Chamber Volume in Healthy Chinese Adults.

Purpose. To measure the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and determine factors associated with the ACV in healthy Chinese adults. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to measure ACV and other anterior segment parameters. Factors associated with ACV were also determined. Results. A total of 313 healthy Chinese adults were enrolled. The anterior segment parameters, including ACV, could be measured by SS-OCT with excellent repeatability and reproducibility. There was a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical anterior chamber widths (ACW) (P < 0.05), with a mean difference of 390 μm. The ACV (mean 153.83 ± 32.42 mm3) was correlated with most of the anterior segment parameters, especially anterior chamber depth (ACD), which accounted for about 85% of the variation of ACV. Most of the anterior segment parameters were significantly correlated with age, and the relative changes in ACV and ACD were greatest in subjects aged 41–50 years. Conclusion. ACV was correlated with most of the anterior segment parameters measured in this study, particularly ACD. The relatively large difference between horizontal and vertical ACW suggests that the ACV could and should be measured using multiple OCT scans.

Scleral buckling-induced ocular parameter changes in different age group patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

PURPOSE:This study was aimed to evaluate the difference in the ocular parameter changes following scleral buckling (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in different age group patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This prospective study included 26 eyes of 26 patients who underwent SB for uncomplicated RRD. The patients were divided into three age groups: 16–30 years (Group I), 31–45 years (Group II), and 46–60 years (Group III). Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal curvatures were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3-month. The postoperative change and progression of these parameters were evaluated and compared between three age groups using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test.RESULTS:At 3-month follow-up, a statistically significant postoperative AL increase, ACD decrease, and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were observed in all groups (Group I - 0.75 ± 0.32 mm, 0.21 ± 0.21 mm, and 1.5 ± 0.48 D, respectively; Group II - 0.79 ± 0.41 mm, 0.14 ± 0.04 mm, and 2.07 ± 1.18 D, respectively; Group III - 0.86 ± 0.33 mm, 0.16 ± 0.05 mm, and 1.56 ± 1.19 D, respectively). However, surgery-induced change for any parameter was not significantly different between the groups (P for AL [0.7955]; ACD [0.8805]; and SIA [0.5485]). Progression in postoperative changes in AL and ACD was insignificant during three follow-up examinations in all the groups. However, SIA of Group I continued to change significantly up to 3 months but stopped to change at 1 month only in Group II and III.CONCLUSION:Age-related change in physical properties of ocular tissue does not have any major additional effect on the results of SB except that the postsurgical change in corneal curvature stops earlier in older patients compared to that in younger patients.

Changes in Anterior Chamber Depth after Phacoemulsification in Pseudoexfoliative Eyes and their Effect on Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation.

Objectives: To compare anterior chamber depth (ACD) changes after phacoemulsification surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and normal patients using an anterior segment imaging method. Another aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these changes on the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and postoperative refraction.Materials and Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with PEX and 30 eyes of 30 normal patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation were included in the study. The ACD of all patients was evaluated preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively with the ALLEGRO Oculyzer (WaveLight® Oculyzer™ II, Alcon, Novartis)-Scheimpflug imaging system.Results: The postoperative mean ACD values were significantly larger than the preoperative ACD values in both groups (p<0.001 for both groups). The pre- to postoperative change in ACD was 0.46±0.3 mm in the PEX group, which was a larger change than seen in the normal patients (0.12±0.1 mm) (p=0.04). The mean absolute errors (MAE) calculated with different IOL formulas (SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer and Holladay 1 formulas) were comparable and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.21).Conclusion: Phacoemulsification induces more significant ACD changes in patients with PEX compared to normal patients. However, the MAE did not differ significantly between the groups.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment After Laser Capsulotomy in Pseudophakic Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation.

To assess changes in anterior-chamber depth (ACD) and angle width after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy pseudophakia in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX). This prospective and interventional case series study included 25 pseudophakic eyes of 25 patients with PEX and 26 pseudophakic eyes of 26 patients without PEX scheduled for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in a single institution. Anterior-chamber depth and angle width were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and three days after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of ACD and angle width included the angle opening distance (AOD), measured as the perpendicular distance from the trabecular meshwork at 500 and 750 mm anterior to the scleral spur to the anterior iris surface (AOD500 and AOD750, respectively) and anterior-chamber angle (ACA) in the nasal and temporal quadrants. Main outcome measures were the changes in ACD and angle width parameters. The mean ACD, AOD500, AOD750, and ACA (nasal and temporal) measurements were 3.67±0.12 mm, 0.63±0.05 mm and 0.65±0.05 mm, 0.67±0.06 mm and 0.77±0.04 mm, 35.25±1.69° and 35.37±1.68° in eyes with PEX and 3.73±0.11 mm, 0.6±0.05 mm and 0.63±0.05 mm, 0.66±0.06 mm and 0.74±0.06 mm, 34.24±1.6° and 34.6±1.47° in control eyes, respectively (P>0.05 for all). After Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, mean ACD, AOD500, AOD750, and ACA (nasal and temporal) measurements were 3.76±0.09 mm, 0.73±0.05 mm and 0.76±0.05 mm, 0.75±0.06 mm and 0.87±0.04 mm, 36.82±1.46° and 35.06±1.52° in eyes with PEX and 3.77±0.1 mm, 0.68±0.06 mm and 0.72±0.06 mm, 0.72±0.05 mm and 0.84±0.06 mm, 34.95±1.4° and 35.79±1.36° in control eyes, respectively (P=0.811, P=0.019, P=0.021, P=0.109, P=0.126, P=0.001, and P=0.01, respectively). The depth and width of the anterior chamber in eyes with PEX and in control eyes increased significantly after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The change in the width of the anterior chamber in eyes PEX was statistically significant comparing control eyes.