Answer Options Research Articles

Performance of artificial intelligence chatbots in sleep medicine certification board exams: ChatGPT versus Google Bard.

To conduct a comparative performance evaluation of GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and Google Bard in self-assessment questions at the level of the American Sleep Medicine Certification Board Exam. A total of 301 text-based single-best-answer multiple choice questions with four answer options each, across 10 categories, were included in the study and transcribed as inputs for GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and Google Bard. The first output responses generated were selected and matched for answer accuracy against the gold-standard answer provided by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for each question. A global score of 80% and above is required by human sleep medicine specialists to pass each exam category. GPT-4 successfully achieved the pass mark of 80% or above in five of the 10 exam categories, including the Normal Sleep and Variants Self-Assessment Exam (2021), Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders Self-Assessment Exam (2021), Insomnia Self-Assessment Exam (2022), Parasomnias Self-Assessment Exam (2022) and the Sleep-Related Movements Self-Assessment Exam (2023). GPT-4 demonstrated superior performance in all exam categories and achieved a higher overall score of 68.1% when compared against both GPT-3.5 (46.8%) and Google Bard (45.5%), which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the overall score performance between GPT-3.5 and Google Bard. Otolaryngologists and sleep medicine physicians have a crucial role through agile and robust research to ensure the next generation AI chatbots are built safely and responsibly.

Distraction suppresses high-fat flavor perception

Distraction during eating contributes to overeating, and when habitually eating with distraction, this may contribute to the development of obesity. One of the proposed mediating mechanisms is the suppression of intensity perception in odor and taste. The effect of distraction on fat intensity perception in flavor, the multisensory combination of odor, taste, and other sensory aspects, is still unknown.In this study, 32 participants (22 women) performed a flavor perception task while also performing a distracting working memory task. In each trial, participants were instructed to observe and memorize a string of 3 (low cognitive load) or 7 (high cognitive load) consonants. Then they received a small quantity of a high- or low-fat chocolate drink, and after that, they were asked to select the string they tried to memorize from three answer options. Last, they rated the intensity and fattiness of the flavor.As intended, in the working memory task, we observed that with a high cognitive load (relative to a low cognitive load), accuracy decreased and response times increased. Regarding perception of the flavors, we observed that overall, high-fat drinks were rated as more intense and fattier. Cognitive load and fat content interacted, such that for the low-fat drink, intensity and fattiness ratings were similar under both cognitive loads; however, under the high cognitive load (relative to the low cognitive load), intensity and fattiness ratings for the high-fat drink were lower.Our results show that distraction can impact the perception of fat in high-fat drinks. If distraction primarily reduces perception of high-fat foods, this may pose a particular risk of overeating high-calorie foods.

Moodle calculated questions as a means of testing knowledge and skills

Problem statement. Fraud in the conduct of computer testing is a significant risk factor for incorrect assessment of learning outcomes. Modern technical means (smartphones, smart watches, etc.) allow test-takers to freely use the database of correct answers to the test tasks created during the preparation for the exam or purchased on the side of the database during the control. This circumstance reduces the reliability of computer testing. Methodology. Among the types of testing questions offered by Moodle, calculated tasks with the ability to program the correct answer and random number generators for generating initial data stand out. Such tasks, while maintaining the meaning, allow you to create an almost unlimited number of options for initial data and correct answers. The numerical answer entered from the keyboard is compared with the calculated correct value and a decision is made on the assessment. The capabilities of the built-in programming language of the correct answer, in particular, are limited by the absence of a conditional operator, which narrows the range of possible tasks to be solved. Results. The authors, using the declarative principle of programming, proposed sequences of statements in the built-in programming language of the Moodle computed question that implement the traditional if statement. The proposed method allows you to expand the capabilities of the programming language built into the question, but does not make it universal due to the lack of loop operators. Another type of Moodle test item, “Formulas”, is mentioned. Known methods of its programming provide even more opportunities for creating task options. The results of the experiment are presented. Conclusion. The use of calculated tasks with random input data will reduce the number of cases of fraud during computer testing and will allow, in some cases, to test not only knowledge, but also skills.

Serebral Palside Dil ve Konuşma Bozukluklarına Yönelik Farkındalık Çalışması

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the social awareness of cerebral palsy (CP) and speech and language disorders in individuals with CP. It was also aimed to investigate the change in social awareness among participants whether they have a relative with CP. Subjects and Method: 95 participants, 57 women and 38 men, participated in the study. A Google survey form developed based on literature review was used. In the form consisting of a total of 18 questions; demographic information of the participants, general information about CP, awareness of speech, language, feeding, and swallowing disorders in CP are questioned. Results: 80% (n = 76) of the participants did not have a relative with CP. Among those who had no relatives with CP, 59.2% stated that they had no opinion about the questions "CP is not a progressive disease" and 56.6% stated that "siblings of children with CP are not expected to have CP". Among the individuals with relatives with CP, 36.3% had no idea whether CP was a progressive disease or not. It was determined that 51.6% of all individuals had no opinion about dysphagia in individuals with CP, followed by 50.5% about feeding difficulties. More than half of those who had no relatives with CP stated that they had no opinion on 6 out of 8 questions related to speech and language. Conclusions: It was observed that the general knowledge level and general awareness of individuals with relatives with CP were higher. Swallowing and feeding difficulties in CP were the least understood by all. Being more aware of speech, language, feeding, and swallowing difficulties in CP can help people participate in activities, communication, and living and improve their quality of life. Trainings, seminars, and TV and social media campaigns can raise public awareness in this area. More than half of those without relatives with CP stated that they had no opinion on 6 out of 8 questions related to speech and language. Conclusions: Those with relatives with CP had better levels of knowledge regarding CP and speech, language, feeding, and swallowing than those without. Swallowing and feeding difficulties in CP were least understood by all. Being more aware of speech, language, feeding, and swallowing difficulties in CP can help people participate in activities, communication, and living and improve their quality of life. Trainings, seminars, and TV and social media campaigns can raise public awareness in this area.

Playfulness from children's perspectives: development and validation of the Children's Playfulness Scale as a self-report instrument for children from 3 years of age.

Children's playfulness refers to children's enjoyment, motivation, and engagement in play and has been predominantly assessed from an adult perspective. To assess children's perspectives on their own playfulness, we adapted and modified the Children's Playfulness Scale (CPS) for children from 3 years and used a two-level response format with a total of four answer options. We tested the self-report scale with 564 children between 3 and 8 years of age who attended childcare center or kindergarten. Results indicated that the adapted version of the CPS identified the five distinct domains of playfulness: social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity, physical spontaneity, sense of humor, and manifest joy; furthermore, results showed invariance across multiple groups for gender, age, and language skills. A highly significant positive correlation was found between children's self-reported playfulness and children's self-reported social self-concept (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), which demonstrates convergent validity. No association was found with teacher proxy report of children's playfulness (r = 0.03, p = 0.92). Overall, our study confirmed first indications of the validity of the modified CPS as a reliable instrument for assessing children's self-reported playfulness. This enables children as young as 3 years old to be assessed on their own playfulness, which is a valuable supplement to the adult perspective.

Evaluation and Design Recommendation of Interactive Mobile Learning Application for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

This study evaluates the usability of an app designed to improve literacy skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities named "Baca Yuk". The qualitative field usability studies engaged teachers specializing in working with individuals with disabilities, totaling twelve participants from two special needs schools. Usability issues were categorized into two groups: accessing learning materials and learning practice. These issues included challenges in recognizing speaker button status, forming syllables, pairing letters, dealing with multiple-choice questions, managing small text and touch areas, and comprehending complex image illustrations. From these issues, design recommendations were formulated to enhance the user interface and user experience for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Recommendations emphasized providing clear visual feedback, introducing tutorial screens for unfamiliar actions, simplifying complex processes, enlarging clickable areas and text, prioritizing simplicity in image illustrations, and reducing the number of answer options in multiple-choice questions. Additionally, valuable participant suggestions were considered, such as incorporating audio instructions, avoiding scrolling interfaces, and integrating audio feedback for quizzes. These suggestions aim to enhance accessibility and user-friendliness for individuals with intellectual disabilities which hold practical value for developers and designers striving to create inclusive and effective learning experiences for this unique user group.

Стан тривожності у військових із різною стресостійкістю

This article analyzes the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. It was found that in servicemen with good stress resistance, a week after returning from the battlefield, a low form of situational and personal anxiety prevailed, and with medium stress resistance, high anxiety prevailed. 3 months after returning from combat, among servicemen with good stress resistance, the number of persons with low situational anxiety increased by 12%, and personal anxiety – by 4%, while high anxiety dominated with average stress resistance. High and medium positive correlations were established in persons with good and medium stress resistance and anxiety in the military. The purpose of the work is to assess the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. Materials and methods. We tested 637 servicemen who returned from the combat zone. We determined stress resistance using the test method «Stresses and stress resistance», according to which the examinees were asked to answer twenty-three questions, each of which was offered four options for answers. Anxiety (personal and situational) was examined using the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI). The methodology consisted of 40 statements (20 to determine the level of situational anxiety and 20 – personal). The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by the methods of variational analysis using the licensed statistical software package «Analyst Soft Stat Plus 6» (license number 11895400) and the «Microsoft Excel» software. Results and discussion. Based on the obtained results, we can talk about the positive and reliable dynamics of reducing the level of anxiety in people with different stress resistance, however, people with good stress resistance experienced a faster and better recovery than military personnel with average stress resistance. This article analyzes the state of anxiety in military personnel with different levels of stress resistance. It was found that in servicemen with good stress resistance, a week after returning from the battlefield, a low form of situational and personal anxiety prevailed, and with medium stress resistance, high anxiety prevailed. 3 months after returning from combat, among servicemen with good stress resistance, the number of persons with low situational anxiety increased by 12%, and personal anxiety – by 4%, while high anxiety dominated with average stress resistance. High and medium positive correlations were established in persons with good and medium stress resistance and anxiety in the military.

Analysis of daratumumab reporting in type and screen orders to identify opportunities for information system improvement

Abstract The rapid growth of monoclonal antibody therapies has resulted in a wide variety of targeted treatments towards malignancies. The presence of these antibodies in patient plasma can interfere with blood bank testing, which in turn can create a delay in the process of pretransfusion testing and provision of blood products to patients. Availability of information regarding particular medications can help guide blood bank processes and testing algorithms. Reporting of patient medications that can interfere with blood bank testing, including targeted therapeutic antibodies (e.g. anti-CD38 therapies such as daratumumab), often relies on the ordering provider to provide that information. At our institution, the type and screen (T&amp;S) order contains a prompt that requests the history of daratumumab administration. Available responses are “yes”, “no”, or “unknown”, with the default answer of “unknown”. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reporting practice of daratumumab history in the T&amp;S order and identify potential areas for process improvement. We retrospectively reviewed T&amp;S orders for patients receiving daratumumab therapy during 2022 at a single institution. Of 370 patients who were receiving daratumumab therapy, 214 (57.8%) had T&amp;S orders. Forty of the 214 patients (18.7%) with T&amp;S orders had at least one order with a “yes” answer indicating daratumumab administration. Of the 40 patients with an answer of “yes”, 16 (40%) were associated with the initial T&amp;S after starting therapy. Of the other answer options, 23 of 40 (57.5%) indicated “unknown” and 1 (2.5%) indicated “no”. The remaining T&amp;S orders ordered after the initial order were evaluated for consistency in response. Of 352 total T&amp;S orders placed after the initial T&amp;S orders, 62 (17.6%) were “yes” answers, 4 (1.1%) were “no” answers, and 286 (81.3%) were “unknown”. These results suggest that manual reporting of daratumumab therapy is not optimized at time of initial T&amp;S orders placed after daratumumab treatment is started and is further misaligned with treatment status with subsequent T&amp;S orders. Development of automated methods may help improve the process of reporting medications to the blood bank to guide testing. Future directions include development of an informatics-based approach to link the patient’s medical administration record (MAR) to the laboratory information system (LIS) to provide history of daratumumab therapy to the blood bank. This approach will prioritize: (1) compatibility with the blood bank’s current workflow for testing, (2) clinical needs for ordering laboratory testing, and (3) adaptability for reporting of other relevant interfering therapies to the blood bank as well as to other clinical laboratories.

Pengukuran Kualitas Website SIM Polije Berdasarkan Respon Pengguna

This study aims to evaluate the quality of the SIM Polije website using the ISO 9126 framework. The evaluation covers six main characteristics such as functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. The research method involves descriptive statistical analysis with a questionnaire distributed to 25 respondents. Each indicator is assessed and classified into three answer options. Validity is tested through Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, and reliability is measured with Cronbach Alpha using SPSS. The results of the software quality measurement show an average percentage of 86%, indicating that the SIM Polije website meets the ISO 9126 standard with the criteria of "EXCELLENT," providing a foundation for further development.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Greek integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS): challenges in a six-phase process

AimTo translate and culturally adapt IPOS to the Greek population.MethodsA four phases- sequential study, which included verification of conceptual equivalence, double forward- backward translations and conceptual cognitive debriefing. Focus group interviews used ‘think aloud’ and ‘verbal probing’ techniques. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using predefined categories. Purposely sampled from two oncology and palliative care units in Athens.ResultsThe Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale was well accepted by both patients and health professionals. Overall comprehension and acceptability of the scale were good. The comprehension and judgement challenges identified in the pre-final version were successfully resolved in the cognitive interviewing phase. Five out of the seventeen translated items of the scale were modified after cognitive debriefing. Comprehension difficulties were identified with specific terms (e.g., energy/feeling depressed) and with some answer options. Severity of symptoms and not their impact was a common difficulty. A judgement challenge was reported in relation to 7-days recall and fluctuation of symptoms. Layout concerns in relation to length of questions were also stated. All questions were considered important and none as inappropriate.ConclusionThis study demonstrated face and content validity and acceptability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale in the Greek context. Cognitive Interviewing proved valuable in refining concepts within the specific cultural context.Clinical implicationsThe IPOS outcome measure tool is now being used routinely in a palliative care service in Athens and is currently used to evaluate service outcomes.

Investigation of The Psychological Wellbeing after a One-WeekSkiing Intervention with Childhood Cancer Survivors

After a child’s cancer diagnosis, the life of the whole family changes immediately. Besides physical exposure due to both the disease and the treatment, psychological stress, anxiety and uncertainties arise for all family members. In a family-oriented winter sport rehabilitation camp in the alps the increased physical fitness should be focused besides the adventure and the psychological wellbeing, thus basically the path back to normality. In order to investigate the latter, the parents of eight patients (10.87 yrs. ± 5.33 yrs.) were surveyed before and after the journey via the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) consisting of 25 items divided into five subscales (social behavior, hyperactivity, emotional problems, problems with peer groups, behavioral problems). It was pointed out that for the given setting open answer options were more meaningful than closed answers. There was only one significance for the subscale behavioral problems. However, the parents stated distinctly positive effects regarding the social togetherness of the children, the atmosphere within the families, the independence and self- confidence of the children. According to the participants the rehabilitation journey could be recommended not only for the improvement of motor parameters and physical effects, but also on a psychological level and for an increased perceived health-related life quality

Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dengan Motivasi Kerja Guru di SMA Negeri Kecamatan Lubuk Basung

This research is motivated by transformational leadership, which refers to leaders who can motivate their followers to perform and manage their own interests for the benefit of the organization through individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, and idealized influence, all of which result in extra effort from employees for better organizational effectiveness. However, in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School, it seems that transformational leadership has not been implemented effectively. The objectives of this research are to obtain data and information regarding 1) the transformational leadership of the school principal, 2) teacher's work motivation, and 3) the relationship between the school principal's transformational leadership style and teacher's work motivation in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School. The hypothesis proposed in this research is that there is a significant relationship between the school principal's transformational leadership and teacher's work motivation. This is a correlational research study. The population consists of all civil servant teachers teaching in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School, with a total of 83 individuals. The research sample is obtained using a proportional stratified random sampling technique with the Solvin formula, resulting in a sample size of 71 individuals. The research instrument used is a Likert Scale questionnaire with five answer options. Validity and reliability testing were performed using SPSS version 24. Data analysis involved the Product Moment Correlation test to examine the relationship between the two variables and the significance testing of the correlation using the t-test formula. The data analysis results show that 1) teacher's work motivation is at a relatively high interpretation level, at 79.40%, 2) the school principal's transformational leadership is interpreted as good, at 86.04%, and 3) there is a significant relationship between the two variables with a correlation coefficient of 0.550 and a correlation significance test of 5.465. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the school principal's transformational leadership is one of the factors that influence teacher's work motivation. This means that the higher the school principal's transformational leadership, the higher the motivation of teachers in the Lubuk Basung District Public High School.

The Joint Awareness Score: A Shortened, Simplified, Improved Alternative to the Forgotten Joint Score

BackgroundThe Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) is a 12-question patient-reported outcomes measure created to measure a patient’s awareness of their artificial joint. The FJS has attained wide usage, though it is not without weaknesses. Our patients report that the semantics of the English translation are flawed and that the 5 answer options for each question are poorly differentiated. Additionally, the FJS will result in no score if 3 or more questions are unanswered. This prompted the development of an alternative patient-reported outcomes measure, the Joint Awareness Score (JAS), that builds upon the core concept of joint awareness underlying the FJS, but that is easier to understand and shorter to complete. We completed an exploratory, pilot study to evaluate this outcomes instrument. Our hypothesis is that the JAS will correlate strongly with the FJS and could be used as a substitute. MethodsKnee arthroplasty patients in a prospective registry were administered the FJS and the JAS. Internal consistency and correlation were calculated with Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, respectively. ResultsThis study included 174 patients. Cronbach’s alpha for FJS was 0.97 for 6 months and 0.97 for 12 months, whereas JAS was 0.89 at 6 months and 0.85 at 12 months. Pearson correlation comparing FJS and JAS at 6 months was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 0.92) and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.92) at 12 months. ConclusionsThe Joint Awareness Score is a new patient-reported outcomes measure that is a substitute for the FJS, with half the number of questions, improved semantics, and simplified answers.

Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Discovery Learning

The development of e-modules based on discovery learning is needed to achieve the demands of education in era 4.0. The purpose of this study is to conduct a needs analysis on the development of e-modules with a discovery learning base for renewable energy material. This research is included in the type of survey research through the use of quantitative research methods. The population in this study were all class X students of SMAN 9 Padang through a research sample of 27 students. The research was conducted in February 2023. Techniques in collecting data through the use of questionnaires designed with a modified Likert scale of 4 answer options, namely strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. From the results of this student analysis, it can be concluded that students need e-module development based on discovery learning for renewable energy material.

A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY BASED ON QUESTIONNAIRE REGARDINGTHE INDIVIDUALIZED TRAINING OF THE OPPOSITE PLAYER IN PERFORMANCE VOLLEYBALL

Aim. The hereby research aims to develop and apply a questionnaire to a number of 20 male A1 division coaches and 20 female A1division coaches in order to find out their opinion on the specific physical training of volleyball players, and in particular, those acting as the opposite (universal), the scientific means used in their preparation, particularly targeting the scientific investigation methods applied. The work also intends to highlight differences when approaching some specific physical training of players in the two divisions.Method. The applied questionnaire contains 10 items, with a single answer option, the purpose being that of rendering objective data on the current working methodology in the volleyball game in terms of the specific physical training component, especially of the specific physical training of the players playing as opposite (universal).The questionnaire survey involved identifying the place and role of muscle training in senior physical training.We mention that within the questionnaire we used the best phrases that emerged from the discussions (conversations) held in advance with decision makers, coaches, managers, specialists in the field of physical education and sport (volleyball).Results. 67% of the answers look at the level of training of the volleyball players from the national team as being high, the rest think that the training of the athletes members of the national team is good or average.Conclusions. Most coaches consider it important to train individual volleyball players at senior level.

Core Competencies Self-Assessment and Patient-Practitioner Orientation during the First Year of a Brazilian Orthopedic Residency.

Objective Training a competent physician requires to direct the resident profile of graduate students for practice activities. We sought to identify the doctor-patient relationship orientation and the self-assessment of the core competencies, which they pointed out needed to be developed. Methods All 56 orthopedic residents admitted between 2016 and 2019 participated in the present prospective observational study. The Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and a self-assessment questionnaire were answered at the beginning and end of the first year of residency (R1) in Orthopedics and Traumatology. We calculated mean and standard deviation for PPOS items and scores and analyzed them through the paired t-test. Self-Assessment Questionnaire answer options were "yes" or "I need to improve it" and skills were classified in decreasing order of the frequency of "I need to improve it" responses with description of absolute number and percentage. We compared frequencies using Fisher Test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) were used for statistical analysis. Results In the period between the beginning and the end of R1, the total PPOS mean score significantly decreased from 4.63 to 4.50 ( p = 0.024), more biomedical-focused. Around one-third of the residents identified competencies of patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and interpersonal and communication skills as needed to improve. Conclusions The PPOS and self-assessment activities could promote reflection practices and are possible tools for learner-centered competency assessment. Biomedical guidance tends to prevail as the training of physicians progresses, and periodic self-assessments can be worked on to build a growth mindset.

Budgeting Participation, Managerial Roles and Competence on Financial Management Performance

This study investigates the effect of budgeting participation, managerial roles, and competencies on financial management performance at the Jayapura Main Port Authority Office. The data in this study used primary data collected by distributing questionnaires to all respondents filled in with several statements with five answer options that would be weighted scores. The collected data will be analyzed through four stages of testing. The first stage is to conduct a descriptive analysis. The second stage is to conduct a data quality test consisting of a validity and reliability test. The third stage is the classical assumption test (normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test). The fourth stage is to test all hypotheses proposed in this study, which will be proven through partial tests and the coefficient of determination test. The research findings reveal that despite high levels of budgeting participation and favorable perceptions of managerial roles and employee competencies, only competencies significantly improve financial management performance. Despite positive views of budgeting participation and managerial roles, neither showed a statistically significant influence on performance outcomes. This study underscores the importance of subordinate involvement in budgeting and the need for professionalism, transparency, and accountability in government financial management. The study confirmed the statistical validity of the model, including normality, absence of multicollinearity, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The implications of these findings suggest that future research should consider alternative decision-making processes and strategies to enhance competencies, thereby improving financial management performance in similar government environments.

Development of a body dysmorphic disorder screener for DSM-5 (BDDS-5)

Early identification of individuals with Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is essential to direct them to appropriate care and to reduce the chance of developing or maintaining comorbid psychiatric disorders (like an eating disorder (ED)). The present study aimed to develop a simple screener, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screener for DSM-5 (BDDS-5), to overcome existing screeners' limitations and test its psychometric properties.The BDDS-5 consists of 12 statements with dichotomous answer options. Specific attention is paid to the readability of the screener for those with lower reading skills. Additional eating disorder screening questions (S section) were added to investigate whether these questions are necessary for detecting potential BDD cases. Finally, the factor structure, internal consistency, and validity of the BDDS-5 were examined within populations with a high risk of screening positive for BDD or ED. Principal axis factor analysis showed that two factors accounted for 63.5% of the variance. The factor analysis was based on polychoric correlation. Based on the BDDS-5, 33 persons (14% of N = 235) were screened as likely BDD cases. Nineteen persons were excluded as potential BDD cases based on the eating disorder related question (question D). Based on the S-section, this turned out to be largely correct for the majority, however, in 8% (n = 4) of the cases BDD was probably missed. The convergent validity appeared to be high (r > 0.80) with three other BDD measures.The BDDS-5 is a valid and widely applicable screener for BDD that may help in the early detection of BDD. The BDDS-5 uses simple wording and is thus suitable for people 8 years and older.

Improving Student Learning Outcomes by Implementing Synectic Learning Strategies

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by using synectic learning strategies at Jambi Medan Private High School. The population is all class XI high school students consisting of 2 classes. Samples were taken randomly in 2 classes consisting of an experimental class and a control class. The data observed were student learning outcomes, which were collected through a multiple-choice test of 25 questions consisting of 5 answer options, which had been tested for validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of the test. The data obtained were analyzed using the t test, where the normality and homogeneity of the data had previously been tested. The experimental class learning outcomes averaged pretest (28.42 ± 6.71) and average posttest (73.51 ± 5.64) with an increase in Gain learning outcomes of 67% while the control class learning outcomes averaged pretest (21 .62 ± 6.48) and the posttest average (69.53 ± 5.96) with an increase in Gain learning outcomes of 61%. Hypothesis testing was carried out at a significance level of α = 0.05 using a one-sided t-test, namely the right side where tcount &gt; ttable (2.85 &gt; 1.67), which means Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. By looking at the results of this research, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of students who are treated through the application of Synectic learning strategies are higher than those using conventional teaching

The Co-Design of an Embodied Conversational Agent to Help Stroke Survivors Manage Their Recovery

Whilst the use of digital interventions to assist patients with self-management involving embodied conversational agents (ECA) is emerging, the use of such agents to support stroke rehabilitation and recovery is rare. This iTakeCharge project takes inspiration from the evidence-based narrative style self-management intervention for stroke recovery, the ‘Take Charge’ intervention, which has been shown to contribute to significant improvements in disability and quality of life after stroke. We worked with the developers and deliverers of the ‘Take Charge’ intervention tool, clinical stroke researchers and stroke survivors, to adapt the ‘Take Charge’ intervention tool to be delivered by an ECA (i.e., the Taking Charge Intelligent Agent (TaCIA)). TaCIA was co-designed using a three-phased approach: Stage 1: Phase I with the developers and Phase II with people who delivered the original Take Charge intervention to stroke survivors (i.e., facilitators); and Stage 2: Phase III with stroke survivors. This paper reports the results from each of these phases including an evaluation of the resulting ECA. Stage 1: Phase I, where TaCIA V.1 was evaluated by the Take Charge developers, did not build a good working alliance, provide adequate options, or deliver the intended Take Charge outcomes. In particular, the use of answer options and the coaching aspects of TaCIA V.1 were felt to conflict with the intention that Take Charge facilitators would not influence the responses of the patient. In response, in Stage 1: Phase II, TaCIA V.2 incorporated an experiment to determine the value of providing answer options versus free text responses. Take Charge facilitators agreed that allowing an open response concurrently with providing answer options was optimal and determined that working alliance and usability were satisfactory. Finally, in Stage 2: Phase III, TaCIA V.3 was evaluated with eight stroke survivors and was generally well accepted and considered useful. Increased user control, clarification of TaCIA’s role, and other improvements to improve accessibility were suggested. The article concludes with limitations and recommendations for future changes based on stroke survivor feedback.