Annealing Behavior Research Articles

An exploratory study on strengthening and thermal stability of magnetron sputtered W nanoparticles at the interface of Cu/Ni multilayer films

An initial study to investigate the effect of controlled deposition of nanoparticles at multilayer interfaces was conducted to explore the mechanical effect of particles on laminate structures. Nanoparticles with diameter of about 4.5 nm were specifically deposited at the interface between Cu and Ni laminates by forced agglomeration of magnetron sputtered ions using a Mantis Ltd. Nanogen50 nanoparticle generator and the hardness of these films were measured using the nanoindentation technique. Cu/Ni laminates without W nanoparticles have an average modulus value of approximately 120 ± 3.7 GPa and hardness value of 2.23 ± 0.07 GPa, while the hardness values of the particle-containing films are greater, regardless of particle density. The areas with the lowest particle density at the interfaces (0.9 at.% W) show the greatest increase in hardness, with an increase of about 1.3 GPa greater than the particle-free sample. However, as the particle density increases, there is a corresponding decrease in hardness. In-situ x-ray diffraction of these films was also conducted to observe the annealing behavior of these films. For all samples, the Cu and Ni layered structure remained intact; however, there is evidence of Ni diffusion along grain boundaries and interaction with the oxygen, likely creating NiO. After annealing, a significant number of the W nanoparticles dissolved into the Ni matrix to create NiW solid-solution. The ability to deposit particles with such precise control has the potential to open up an exciting new field of research.

Characterization of the radiation tolerance of cryogenic diodes for the High Luminosity LHC inner triplet circuit

Cryogenic bypass diodes are part of the baseline powering layout for the circuits of the new ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ based final focus magnets of the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider. They will protect the magnets against excessive transient voltages during a nonuniform quenching process. The diodes are located inside an extension to the magnet cryostat, operated in superfluid helium and exposed to ionizing radiation. Therefore, the radiation tolerance of different types of diodes has been tested at cryogenic temperatures in CERN's CHARM irradiation test facility during its 2018 run. The forward bias characteristics, the turn-on voltage and the reverse blocking voltage of each diode were measured weekly at 4.2 K and 77 K, as a function of the accumulated radiation dose. The diodes were submitted to a total dose close to 12 kGy and a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. After the end of the irradiation program the annealing behavior of the diodes was tested by increasing the temperature slowly to 293 K. This paper describes the experimental setup, the measurement procedure and the analysis of the measurements performed during the irradiation program as well as the results of the annealing study.

Photoluminescence studies of nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers transformation in CVD diamond

In this study, the low-temperature micro-photoluminescence (PL) technology was employed to investigate the transformation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV), silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond crystal. Results showed that the NV and SiV luminescence were controlled by electron irradiation followed by thermal annealing. Both centers vanished together with the emergence of neutral single vacancy (GR1 center) after 200 keV electron irradiation. Interstitial related defects and vacancies were activated to diffuse by annealing (above ∼400 and 700 °C, respectively). The vacancies migrated to be captured by N and Si atoms due to the strain fields around the atoms attracted vacancies, and the NV and SiV centers appeared again in the PL spectra. In addition, compared the annealing behavior with NV center, the new emission at 639.7 nm was attributed to the nitrogen combined with carbon interstitials.

Evolution of shear texture during the asymmetric rolling and its annealing behavior in a twin-roll casting AA6016 sheet: an ex-situ electron backscatter diffraction study

To better understand the enhanced formability of Al–Mg–Si alloy automotive outer panels by introducing shear texture F{111}<112> orientations, we investigate the shear texture evolution of a twin-roll casting AA6016 sheet with an initial R-cube and E texture during asymmetric rolling (ASR). The macro-textures of the sheet with a deformation of 30%, 50%, and 85% are studied using X-ray diffraction. Results show that the initial R-cube evolved to Dillamore/copper with the increase in strain, whereas the initial E texture is weakened accompanying the enhancement of the F texture during ASR. Moreover, the local recrystallization textures are analyzed using the sheet that has been annealed at 330°C at different times via the ex-situ electron backscatter diffraction. The F texture is dominant for the ASR sheet, which could be attributed to the rapid nucleation and grain growth of grains with F orientation (F-grains). Furthermore, the spatial relationship at 19.7° [1¯10] between the grain with copper orientation and F-grains is another important reason to promote the F orientation development. Finally, the formability of the ASR sheet is found to significantly improve.

Investigation of charge multiplication in irradiated p-type silicon strip sensors designed for the ATLAS phase II tracking detector

Future particle accelerator experiments, for example the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) in 2025, will demand a much higher radiation hardness of silicon strip sensors due to high fluences and long operation times. New p-type strip sensors have been developed and their charge collection behavior as well as their electrical performance have been investigated. Additionally the long-term behavior under operation has to be investigated and understood. In previous studies of the annealing behavior, the phenomenon of charge multiplication appeared in highly irradiated and/or long-term annealed sensors. This phenomenon is now thoroughly investigated within this study for ATLAS12 strip sensors irradiated to fluences ranging from 5⋅1014neq∕cm2 to 2⋅1015neq∕cm2. Therefore systematic charge collection, leakage current and electric field measurements have been carried out at several annealing temperatures between 23°C and 80°C to investigate the dependence on temperature and fluence. The stability, temperature effects and the maximum amount of multiplication reachable were investigated. Severe changes in the signal pulses in time were observed with increasing amount of annealing. The pulse duration started to increase for enhanced charge multiplication, exceeding the readout shaping time of the ALIBAVA system.

Mechanistic insights into the sol-gel synthesis of complex (quaternary) Co–Mn–Zn-spinel ferrites: An annealing dependent study

Synthesis conditions, cation distribution at tetrahedral and octahedral sites and their stability play very important roles in controlling phase-purity and physicochemical properties of spinel ferrite compounds. In this work, an attempt is made to understand how the progress of phase-formation and the structural and magnetic properties are influenced by the annealing temperature and nature of cations used in the synthesis of quaternary spinel ferrite ceramics. A series of Co0.8-xMn0.2ZnxFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) (CMZF) spinel ferrite samples were synthesized by citric acid assisted sol-gel technique followed by annealing at 400, 600 and 800 °C. To compare the progress of phase formation/stability of the cations, simple (binary) spinel ferrite reference samples, such as CoFe2O4, MnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4, were also synthesized by the same technique and are calcined at the same conditions. In case of CoFe2O4, all the samples have single phase spinel structure, but a transformation from an inverse spinel-type to nearly normal spinel ferrite-type cation distribution is observed with increasing annealing temperature. The as-prepared MnFe2O4 sample and that annealed at 400 °C show formation of single phase spinel ferrite, while those annealed at 600 and 800 °C decomposes completely into Mn2O3, α-Fe2O3 and amorphous-FeO phases. In contrast, for ZnFe2O4 samples, a transformation from the ZnO and α-Fe2O3 phases (present in the as-prepared and up to 600 °C annealed samples) to pure ZnFe2O4–phase occurs only at/above 800 °C. Interestingly, our results show that the progress of the phase formation behavior of the CMZF samples can be predominantly considered as a combination of the behavior and energetics typically exhibited by the individual (simple) ferrite systems. Overall, our work provides the necessary impetus for achieving the phase purity and required physicochemical properties of complex ferrite systems by choosing the cations suitably, based on their nature and annealing behavior.

Time dependence of silica optical properties during the implantation of fast hydrogen ions: Computer modeling

The paper deals with a computer simulation of the creation and chemical annealing behavior of non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) in silica exposed to long-time hydrogen implantation. Calculated time dependence of the number of NBOHCs and the intensity of red band luminescence associated with these defects were in a good agreement with experimental data. It allowed estimating the average cross-section of the radiation production of NBOHCs, the radiation-enhanced hydrogen diffusion coefficient and the reaction rate constant for NBOHC’s passivation by implanted hydrogen. We also paid attention to the physical reasons for some discrepancy between simulated dependences and experimental data as well as between calculated parameters and our previous estimations based on some simplifying assumptions.

Electron traps formed by gamma-ray irradiation in homoepitaxial n-type GaN and their annealing behavior

Gamma-ray irradiations of up to 500 kGy on homoepitaxial n-type GaN layers were carried out, and the formation of electron traps was investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) using Ni Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). Before performing DLTS, current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements of the SBDs were performed and it was found that there was no change in the net donor concentration, ideality factor, and Schottky barrier height after irradiation. In the DLTS measurements, two new peaks, labeled G1 and G2, were observed after irradiation. The filling pulse width dependence of G1 revealed that the peak consists of two electron trap levels, labeled G1a (EC − 0.13 eV) and G1b (EC − 0.14 eV). Isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy measurements of samples with different Schottky barrier heights showed that the G2 peak is a complex peak consisting of at least three electron traps, labeled G2a (EC − 0.80 eV), G2b (EC − 0.98 eV), and G2c (EC − 1.08 eV). The production rates (formation rates of traps by gamma-ray irradiation) for each trap were obtained. Finally, we investigated the annealing behavior of each trap and found that G1b and G2b decreased by the same amount with increasing annealing temperature, suggesting that the behavior originates from a recombination of vacancy–interstitial (Frenkel) pairs.

Annealing behavior in a high-pressure torsion-processed Fe–9Cr steel

A Fe–9Cr steel containing second-phase particles was processed by ten rotations of high-pressure torsion (HPT) to produce a microstructure consisting of pancake-shaped nanoscaled grains with dominantly high-angle boundaries. Annealing was carried out on the HPT-processed Fe–9Cr steel from 500 to 700 °C up to 48 h. During the annealing, grains grew in a continuous manner. During high-temperature annealing (above 600 °C), a higher fraction of low-angle boundaries was observed when texture J became the dominant texture component. The annealing behavior of the HPT-processed Fe–9Cr steel was compared to that of the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)-processed Fe–9Cr steel. It was found ECAP Fe–9Cr showed a different grain growth mode, i.e., discontinuous growth, and a higher degree of thermal stability. Our studies provide insights into how the annealing behavior is affected by the microstructure and texture evolution.

What Happens during Thermal Post-Treatment of Powder Aerosol Deposited Functional Ceramic Films? Explanations Based on an Experiment-Enhanced Literature Survey.

Powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is a unique ceramic spray coating method that produces dense and well-adhering thick-films directly at room temperature, without requiring any heating or sintering. After the successful film formation, mechanical film properties like hardness or plasma resistance are remarkably good. However, when it comes to electrical properties like permittivity or electrical conductivity, the nanocrystalline structure of PAD films combined with high internal strains deteriorates partly the characteristic properties. The electrical conductivity may already be present within the as-deposited films. However, it is mostly lowered by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, a thermal post-deposition annealing is oftentimes required. In this work, electrically conducting films produced by powder aerosol deposition are surveyed based on published data. Their microstructural and electrical behavior during the post-deposition annealing treatment is summarized and reasons for the lowered electrical conductivity are identified. Additionally, the processes taking place during annealing, which eventually allow to regain bulk-like functional properties, are examined. A universal annealing behavior is found that leads to a quantitative recommendation for the suitable film annealing temperatures to regain the electrical conductivities.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Electronic and Hyperfine Properties of Hydrogenated Anatase (TiO2): Defect Interplay and Thermal Stability

In this study we report on the results from emission $^{57}$Fe M${\"o}$ssbauer Spectroscopy experiments, using dilute $^{57}$Mn implantation into pristine (TiO$_2$) and hydrogenated anatase held at temperatures between 300-700 K. Results of the electronic structure and local environment are complemented with ab-initio calculations. Upon implantation both Fe$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$ are observed in pristine anatase, where the latter demonstrates the spin-lattice relaxation. The spectra obtained for hydrogenated anatase show no Fe$^{3+}$ contribution, suggesting that hydrogen acts as a donor. Due to the low threshold, hydrogen diffuses out of the lattice. Thus showing a dynamic behavior on the time scale of the $^{57}$Fe 14.4 keV state. The surrounding oxygen vacancies favor the high-spin Fe$^{2+}$ state. The sample treated at room temperature shows two distinct processes of hydrogen motion. The motion commences with the interstitial hydrogen, followed by switching to the covalently bound state. Hydrogen out-diffusion is hindered by bulk defects, which could cause both processes to overlap. Supplementary UV-Vis and electrical conductivity measurements show an improved electrical conductivity and higher optical absorption after the hydrogenation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature reveals that the sample hydrogenated at 573 K shows presence of both Ti$^{3+}$ and Ti$^{2+}$ states. This could imply that a significant amount of oxygen vacancies and -OH bonds are present in the samples. Theory suggests that in the anatase sample implanted with Mn(Fe), probes were located near equatorial vacancies as next-nearest-neighbours, whilst a metastable hydrogen configuration is responsible for the annealing behavior.

High-amylose wheat and maize starches have distinctly different granule organization and annealing behaviour: A key role for chain mobility

For regular starches, gelatinization occurs over a relatively narrow temperature range in excess water; however, high-amylose starches typically gelatinise over an extended temperature range by a process that is less understood. The present study compared granule organisation of high-amylose starches from wheat (HAWS) and maize (HAMS), and investigated the role of granule organization in determining the gelatinization heterogeneity and different responses to annealing. During gelatinization (starch/water = 1:2), the melting peaks of double helices and amylose-lipid complexes are merged in HAMS, whereas the peaks are separated for HAWS. It is hypothesized that the glucan chains in HAWS are relatively more mobile (i.e., fewer inter-chain interactions), compared to HAMS. Due to this mobility, hot water leaches amylose more readily from HAWS than from HAMS at similar levels of apparent amylose content. After two-step annealing, To (gelatinization onset temperature) of HAWS increased from 58 to 84 °C, while To of HAMS only increased from 70 to 82 °C. For HAWS, annealing apparently extended double helical lengths and made semi-crystalline lamellae more heterogeneous, but reduced double helix content. For HAMS with more organised granular structure, annealing has a relatively limited effect on lamellar layers and chain conformation. The study demonstrates that HAMS and HAWS have distinctly different granule organisation and behaviours during hydrothermal processing and that HAWS, with more mobile chains, has the potential to form thermostable molecular order. The molecular basis for these differences is proposed to be the greater proportion of very long chains/branches in HAWS than HAMS.

Low-temperature annealing behavior and tensile properties of the rapidly solidified Cu3Ag0.5Zr0.4Cr0.35Nb alloy reinforced by cold rolling

To obtain a uniform microstructure with fine second-phase particles, the Cu3Ag0.5Zr0.4Cr0.35Nb alloy is fabricated through gas atomization and hot isostatic pressing, followed by cold rolling. The microstructural evolution and tensile properties of the alloy after isothermal annealing at low temperature are investigated. The results show that the low-temperature annealing leads to an obvious increase in elongation but a mild decrease in strength, and the desirable combinations of strength and elongation after annealing for different times are achieved. When annealed at 350 °C for 1 h, the alloy exhibits a high strength of 665 MPa and an acceptable elongation of 10%. Prolonging the duration to 8 h, a decreased strength (610 MPa) and high elongation (15%) are obtained. The stable nano-sized Cr2Nb and micro-sized Cu4AgZr particles provide a strong pinning effect on boundary migration and significantly slow the subgrain growth during recovery, which contributes to the retention of good strength. The improved ductility results from the recovered ability to accumulate dislocations after annealing.

Annealing of ion tracks in apatite under pressure characterized in situ by small angle x-ray scattering

Fission track thermochronology is routinely used to investigate the thermal history of sedimentary basins, as well as tectonic uplift and denudation rates. While the effect of temperature on fission track annealing has been studied extensively to calibrate the application of the technique, the effect of pressure during annealing is generally considered to be negligible. However, a previous study suggested elevated pressure results in a significantly different annealing behaviour that was previously unknown. Here, we present a method to study track annealing in situ under high pressure by using synchrotron-based small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). To simulate fission tracks in a controlled environment, ion tracks were created in apatite from Durango, Mexico using 2 GeV Au or Bi ions provided by an ion accelerator facility. Samples were annealed at 250 °C at approximately 1 GPa pressure using diamond anvil cells (DACs) with heating capabilities. Additional in situ annealing experiments at ambient pressure and temperatures between 320 and 390 °C were performed for comparison. At elevated pressure a significantly accelerated annealing rate of the tracks was observed compared with annealing at ambient pressure. However, when extrapolated to geologically relevant temperatures and pressures, the effects become very small. The measurement methodology presented provides a new avenue to study materials behaviour in extreme environments.

Annealing behavior of hardening and ductility loss of a 16Cr–4Al ODS ferritic steel irradiated with high energy Ne ions

Annealing behavior of the hardening and ductility loss of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel (16Cr–4Al) irradiated with high-energy heavy ions is studied. 20Ne ions with 123.4 MeV supplied by a cyclotron was used to produce a quasi-uniform atomic region of atomic displacement damage and Ne concentration from surface to a depth of 33 μm in the specimens. Two atomic displacement levels (0.16dpa, 0.70dpa) were approached at about 220 K. The irradiated specimens were subsequently thermally annealed at room temperature, 473 K and 673 K, respectively. Hardness and ductility of the specimens were investigated with nano-indentation technique and small-punch test. The data of the nano hardness were fitted by Nix-Gao model to obtain the bulk equivalent hardness values. The irradiated specimens show observable hardening, which recedes monotonously with the increase of annealing temperature. The Arrhenius plots show a good linearity in the entire temperature range investigated, with an apparent activation energy of 0.13 ± 0.01 eV for both the two damage levels. Assuming that the hardening is caused by the self-interstitial-atom (SIA) clusters initially produced by the cascade damage, an activation energy of 0.70 ± 0.05 eV is deduced for the migration and coalescence process of the SIA-clusters. The small punch test (SPT) of the high-dose specimens shows that a minor ductility loss occurred under conditions as-irradiated or subsequently thermally annealed at 473 K, while a remarkable increase of the ductility loss was observed after the thermal annealing at 673 K, which coincides with the formation of nano-scale gas bubbles in high density in the specimen. It is indicated that the formation of bubbles has minor on the irradiation hardening. A comparison of three ODS ferritic steels Ne-ion-irradiated to 0.7 dpa/260 appm(Ne) shows that the ductility loss decreases with the increase of the sink strength of the oxide dispersoids/ferritic substrate interfaces.

Effects of Nickel, Phosphorous and Sulfur on the Post-Irradiation Annealing Behavior of Irradiation Hardening in Fe-0.2 mass％ C-0.3 mass％ Cu Model Alloys

Micro-Vickers hardness and positron lifetime were measured after 1 MeV proton irradiation to a fluence of 3 × 1017 ions/cm2 at below 80℃ and post-irradiation isochronal annealing to 650℃ to investigate the effects of nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S) on the irradiation hardening of Fe-0.2 mass％ C-0.3 mass％ Cu model alloy. With increasing the Ni content to 0.6 mass％, irradiation hardening was increased, while a further increase to 1 mass％ resulted in a small reduction. The addition of 0.05 mass％ P increased the irradiation hardening of the model alloys irrespective of the addition of 0.6 mass％ Ni, while the addition of 0.05 mass％ S showed almost no effect on the hardening. Positron lifetime measurements revealed that the intensity of long-lifetime component, namely the number density of microvoids, increased and decreased for the alloy added with P and S, respectively. However, no significant effect of Ni content on the long-lifetime component was observed. Post-irradiation anneal-hardening was large and became a maximum at around 350-375℃ in most of the alloys studied. The addition of 0.6 mass％ Ni caused almost no effect on the annealing behavior, while further addition of 0.05 mass％ P reduced the hardness change by the annealing to 400℃. During post-irradiation annealing to around 400℃, the long-lifetime component increased in the alloy with P, but it was so small in the alloy with S or manganese (Mn). These suggest that P enhances the growth of the microvoids but S as well as Mn suppress it.

Significant growth of vacancy-type defects by post-irradiation annealing in neon ion-irradiated tungsten probed by a slow positron beam

Irradiation damage and its evolution in noble gas ion-irradiated tungsten have not been investigated in detail other than in the case of helium ion irradiation. In this study, irradiation-induced vacancy-type defects in helium ion- and neon ion-irradiated tungsten were investigated by using a slow positron beam, and their annealing behavior in the temperature range of 20∘C-900∘C was compared by characterizing the Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation spectra. In helium ion-irradiated tungsten, slight aggregation of irradiation-induced vacancy-type defects was observed upon annealing, but eventually, a large portion of the vacancy clusters was eliminated after annealing at 900∘C. In contrast, in neon ion-irradiated tungsten, irradiation-induced vacancy-type defects were observed to aggregate significantly at 300∘C and 600∘C. In addition, the large vacancy clusters formed by the aggregation survived even after annealing at 900∘C.

Annealing and rejuvenation in a two-dimensional model amorphous solid under oscillatory shear.

We study the annealing and rejuvenation behavior of a two-dimensional amorphous solid model under oscillatory shear. We show that, depending on the cooling protocol used to create the initial configuration, the mean potential energy can either decrease or increase under subyield oscillatory shear. For post-yield oscillatory shear, the mean potential energy increases and is independent on the initial conditions. We explain this behavior by modeling the dynamics using a simple model of forced dynamics on a random energy landscape and show that the model reproduces the qualitative behavior of the mean potential energy and mean-square displacement observed in the particle based simulations. This suggests that some important aspects of the dynamics of amorphous solids can be understood by studying the properties of random energy landscapes and without explicitly taking into account the complex real-space interactions which are involved in plastic deformation.

Self-Annealing Behavior of Electroplated Cu with Different Brightener Concentrations

The self-annealing (room-temperature annealing) behavior of electroplated Cu has recently received a great deal of attention from the microelectronics industry because its remarkable microstructure transition is closely related to several crucial reliability issues, including substrate warpage, pinhole formation, corrosion, and electrical resistivity. Organic additives (e.g., brightener and leveler) in the electrolyte are indispensable for the superfilling of electroplated Cu in blind-/through-hole structures, and their effects on the Cu self-annealing behavior should be quantitatively characterized. We investigated the effect of brightener concentration (Cb) on the crystallographic transition of electroplated Cu (including the evolutions of the grain size, grain boundaries, and grain orientation) by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) during self-annealing. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of electroplated Cu (hardness and Young’s modulus) resulting from different Cb were investigated through nanoindentation testing. The concentration depth profiles of the impurities (Cl, N, C, and S) in the electroplated Cu were characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). These investigations showed that Cb is a dominant factor of the Cu self-annealing behavior and mechanical properties, and a sufficient Cb is required for the initiation of a remarkable crystallographic transition even at room temperature.

Solid State Reaction Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials

In this paper, aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanopowder with doping concentration of different weights were successfully prepared with a simple technique: the classic ceramic technique (or solid-state method). This technique permits the acquiring of powders as pellets with a small amount of the material. The best conditions for the prepared pellets are obtained. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are mixed with different amounts of aluminum concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The powders were then mixed and consolidated into pellets and sintered using a conventional furnace at 1100oC. The mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological (including roughness of the samples’ surfaces), and optical properties for those as-prepared samples are demonstrated by: Shore D hardness instrument, roughness test Instrument, Lee's Disc, X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of aluminum doped concentrations on the characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles depending on the above instruments are studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns appear to the crystallinity of these materials with a grain size between 20 nm and 30 nm. A roughness measurement indicates that the value of titanium dioxide nanoparticles decreases with the addition of aluminum weights according to the results of the hardness of the samples. Moreover, the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing weight fraction of aluminum material. The main goal of the present paper is to investigate the annealing temperature-dependent behavior of the broadening parameter and the characteristics of aluminum doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.