Animal Farm Research Articles

Potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through different dairy cattle systems in subtropical regions.

Carbon (C) footprint of dairy production, expressed in kg C dioxide (CO2) equivalents (CO2e) (kg energy-corrected milk (ECM))-1, encompasses emissions from feed production, diet management and total product output. The proportion of pasture on diets may affect all these factors, mainly in subtropical climate zones, where cows may access tropical and temperate pastures during warm and cold seasons, respectively. The aim of the study was to assess the C footprint of a dairy system with annual tropical and temperate pastures in a subtropical region. The system boundary included all processes up to the animal farm gate. Feed requirement during the entire life of each cow was based on data recorded from Holstein × Jersey cow herds producing an average of 7,000 kg ECM lactation-1. The milk production response as consequence of feed strategies (scenarios) was based on results from two experiments (warm and cold seasons) using lactating cows from the same herd. Three scenarios were evaluated: total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum intake, 75, and 50% of ad libitum TMR intake with access to grazing either a tropical or temperate pasture during lactation periods. Considering IPCC and international literature values to estimate emissions from urine/dung, feed production and electricity, the C footprint was similar between scenarios, averaging 1.06 kg CO2e (kg ECM)-1. Considering factors from studies conducted in subtropical conditions and actual inputs for on-farm feed production, the C footprint decreased 0.04 kg CO2e (kg ECM)-1 in scenarios including pastures compared to ad libitum TMR. Regardless of factors considered, emissions from feed production decreased as the proportion of pasture went up. In conclusion, decreasing TMR intake and including pastures in dairy cow diets in subtropical conditions have the potential to maintain or reduce the C footprint to a small extent.

ABUSE PRACTICE OF POWER IN ORWELL'S ANIMAL FARM: A HISTORICAL APPROACH

It occurs very often to observe the exploitation of common people by the politicians owing to leader’s bad use of absolute power and the silence of the people. It appears that knowledge and education will lead to absolute power which culminates in suffering and oppression of simple and naïve people in the Soviet Union.The language used in Animal Farm was not known by the majority and this leads to threat through different principles and laws. This enabled the leaders to exploit the others for their greedy desires and to do abnormal actions. As a result of the use of a vague language and the implementation of fear tactics then creating laws to help them to manipulate others, they could convince them and then they invented lies at the interest of leaders. Yet the others due to their simplicities were easily convinced, while power could be used to serve the entire population of the Soviet Union. The study uses historical approach for the analysis of the research.

A new way of agricultural farm work in the educational facilitation of dual education between vocational education and upper secondary school curricular programs

TThis study aimed to compare learning achievement based on blended learning of dual education between vocational education and upper secondary school curricular programs in Agriculture. The sample groups were students learning through a new way of agricultural farm work and those learning agriculture through normal method. They were 90 sixth year upper secondary school students from Buntharik Wittayakhan School, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand obtained by purposive sampling. This study consisted of 3 steps: 1) investigation and development of model of a new way agricultural farm work (animal science and teaching form); 2) analysis of consistent components suitable for the development of a new form of animal farm work and teaching/learning form; and 3) using the model together with the integration between theories and teaching methods (Learning by doing, POE, Group process, Blended learning, and field trip). This also included learning through application multimedia for learning exchange and activity transfer. There was control group design after testing. The instrument of research were interview schedule, questionnaire, learning achievement test, set of learning activities, and observation form. Results of the study revealed that the students learning through the dual education or a new way of agricultural farm work had higher learning achievement than that of those who learned through a normal class with a significance level (p>0.01). This finding indicated that learning through a new way of agricultural farm work was very essential to the development of learning achievement and skills. It was also found that the students had a high level of satisfaction with the blended learning and it should be promoted as part of the dual education in agriculture.

Charlotte’s Web: A Fable of the Rise and Fall of National Socialism

Charlotte’s Web has many incongruous literary elements: odd names, illogical plots, and bloody morals which cannot be adequately explained by the commonly accepted origination story. Juxtaposing the story, with its illustrations, with the contemporary post-World War II thinking, one hypothesis is that the story is a fable of the rise of National Socialism in Germany, similar to the commonly accepted fable of Animal Farm referring to Stalin’s USSR. Importantly, the Aryanesque names, the swastika connections to both the spider web and Navajo blanket, the odd salutations, the black flag of terror and the moral lessons such as the “old pail trick” make this conclusion inescapable. E.B. White has previously compared American capitalism, especially with its seductive but fraudulent advertising, with Nazi Germany and its propaganda as early as 1938. Written in the height of the Red Scare and McCarthyism, the story can be best read as a clarion call to the danger of post-war America turning into a totalitarian police state of terror, which is to White “SOME STATE” that is “TERRIFIC.”

Analysis of Using Calcium Hydroxide to Disinfect Animal Farm and Eradicate Harmful Pathogens

Analysis of Using Calcium Hydroxide to Disinfect Animal Farm and Eradicate Harmful Pathogens

Phenotypic and Genetic Parameter Estimates for Local Guinea Fowl Production and Some Other Traits

This study on indigenous Guinea fowls in Ghana was undertaken to estimate genetic variation and heritability of traits in these birds. The study was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Mampong-Ashanti campus, Ghana, from 2015 to 2018. The data used in the present experiment were collected from six hundred keets (300 males and 300 females) produced from randomly selecting and mating 110 dams and 22 sires and consisted of 780 records collected over a period of 3 years. The genetic parameters were estimated using sire-son, sire-daughter and dam-daughter regression analysis. Body weight and 8-month weight gain showed the greatest additive genetic variation, with survival, docility, dressing percentage, age at first egg, egg weight, egg number, fertility, hatchability traits, feed intake and FCR showing relatively low additive genetic variation. Moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained for body weight, weight gain at ages 1day to 2 months, 2-4 months in females, 4-6 months in males, docility, feed intake in females and feed conversion ratio in both males and females. Similarly, moderate to high heritability estimates were also obtained for age at first egg, egg weight and egg numbers. However, all other parameters considered in this study had low heritability estimates. This study concludes that, the results could be used to initiate Guinea fowl selection breeding programmes.

Small and Large Cultures: Individuality, the Collective, Conformity and the Period of the Cold War

The Cold War is something I analyze in two parts.  First, I examine its politics, including political literatures and cultures large and small that concentrate on central concerns of the Cold War. Second, I discuss small and minor literatures in the period of the Cold War in theory and practice, including examples from the Netherlands and Canada that are in the period of the Cold War but do not focus on it as its primary concern or theme.  In these sections,  I argue for the centrality of the tension between tyranny and liberty, individual and the group, conformity and nonconformity and related matters. The article ranges in the politics of the Cold War from the background of Marx and Mill though Churchill, Stalin,  Truman, McCarthy to Russell, Grant and Ignatieff.  In literature, that is the Cold War in ink,  the essay analyzes Orwell’s essay on the nuclear bomb and his novels,  Nineteen Eighty-four and Animal Farm as well as  Miller’s play, The Crucible and a poem by Einstein on Russell.  I concentrate on examples of Dutch fiction and their translation into English  and a Canadian novel,  The Weekend Man, by Richard B. Wright,   because they are an element of  “minority literatures.”   Besides  exploring the Cold War, I  briefly examine theories of minor or small literatures, including some aspects of the views of Kafka, Deleuze and Guattari.

Strategies of conveying metaphors in political discourse: analysis of the Turkish translations of George Orwell's “Animal Farm”

Translating metaphor and metaphoric expressions is one of the disputable problems in translation studies due to the conceptual discrepancies which exist between the source culture and the target readership, moreover, if the metaphor plays a crucial role in creating an appeal to the reader as in the political text. In this respect, it is under the discussion of how to deal with a metaphor when translating political discourse, and what are the dominating strategies and traditions of translating metaphoric units in Turkish translations. Caused by the theoretical and practical urgency of the problem, this paper is aimed to analyze strategies of conveying metaphors from English to Turkish based on the novel “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and its Turkish translations by Sedat Demir and Celal Üster. To achieve the aims of the research the efforts were undertaken to compare the original text with its two different translations. For the precise analysis, Old Major’s speech was thoroughly scrutinized on the point of the metaphoric expressions in the text and their correspondences in the Turkish translations.

And Then God Created Oxygen...

“All animals are equal, but some … ” Animal Farm, George OrwellThere was Oxygen here:rich with history and black gems.Where the silk road met the East.There is still Oxygen here,like elsewhere:more...

Comparison of Allegory Symbols in O Novel by Eka Kurniawan and Animal Farm by George Orwell

: This study aims to examine the comparison of allegorical symbols in O 's novel by Eka Kurniawan and Animal Farm by George Orwell, which includes comparison of symbolic shapes and their meanings. This study was a qualitative research with a comparative literary approach. This data were in the forms of allegory symbols, meaning symbols in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs in both novels. Data sources used were two novels entitled O and Animal Farm , as well as other supporting books. The results of this study indicate that there are similarities and differences in terms of the shape and meaning of symbols in both novels. The shape of the animal symbol is the form that dominates both novels. Based on the meaning, both novels the same describe the state of a country. These similarities and differences are based on the basis of affinity in comparable literature.

In vitro biomechanical properties of sole tissues: Comparison between healthy and ulcerated bovine claws

Sole ulcers are reportedly one of the most prevalent diseases associated with lameness in dairy cattle, significantly affecting animal welfare and farm profitability. The degree to which sole soft tissues, healthy or ulcerated, are able to maintain their structure and function when subjected to compressive forces remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to assess sole tissue biomechanics in healthy and ulcerated claws and to describe correlated histology. Cylindrical samples were harvested from zones 4 and 6, as described by the international foot map, from hind lateral healthy (n = 12) and ulcerated bovine claws (n = 8; animals n = 12). Tissue biomechanics and morphology were evaluated via compressive tests and hematoxylin-eosin-phloxine-saffron staining, respectively. A 2-sample t-test was used to compare zones' mechanical properties between healthy and ulcerated tissues, and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to measure the effect of claw zone on histology. The fibril modulus (Ef) and permeability (k) respectively increased and decreased in ulcerated claws (Ef = 0.201 ± 0.104 MPa; k = 0.128 ± 0.069 mm2/MPa·s) compared with healthy claws (Ef = 0.105 ± 0.050 MPa; k = 0.452 ± 0.365 mm2/MPa·s) only for zone 6. Histology scores equal to or greater than 3 were associated with macroscopic presence of ulceration. A higher proportion of adipose tissue (30% or more) was associated with zone 6 compared with zone 4, but no difference was seen between healthy and ulcerated claws. Ulcerated claws had a higher prevalence of exostoses compared with healthy ones (33% vs. 8%). Sole soft tissues showed, as hypothesized, a viscoelastic behavior using unconfined compression testing, which, however, may not reflect in vivo loading conditions. Clinical and histological signs of sole ulceration were not associated with decreased strength of the supportive apparatus of the distal phalanx in zone 4 in this study.

Satire and The Cambridge Introduction to Satire

Satire and The Cambridge Introduction to Satire

THE REFLECTION OF CLASSLESS SOCIETY IN GEORGE ORWELL’S ANIMAL FARM

This research intends to the classless society in Animal Farm. Therefore, the researchers analyzed how the reflection of the classless society in the novel. In analyzing this research, the researchers used a sociological approach to describes the classless society that is reflected in the novel Animal Farm. The researcher analyzes literary work based on the text and explains the sociological meaning by uses Marxist literary theory. The researcher analyzes the communism concept practiced and reflected to the society (farm) to create public welfare Moreover, the researcher used a qualitative method and descriptive analysis method in analyzing the data. There are two sources of data which are primary data and supporting data. The primary data was taken of the novel Orwell’s Animal Farm. Meanwhile, the supporting data were taken from book, journal, theses, and article. The result of this research is the researchers find the author’s way to reflected the classless society in the novel.

The Animal Farm Principle

This short essay borrows from George Orwell to offer a potentially helpful way to think about time management, particularly as people continue to adjust to the new schedules and work environments created by the coronavirus.

Chemical Analysis of Ground Water of Purnia District town, Bihar, India – A case study

Water pollution is a serious problem as nearly 80% of India's surface water and a considerable number of growing groundwater sources have been contaminated by inorganic and biological pollutants. Pollution of water resources occurs mainly through point and non-point (diffusion) sources. The major source of water pollution can be categorized as municipal, ag ricultural and industrial. Municipal water consists of water from houses and commercial establishment, which run off leached up to groundwater table to contaminate the source. Agriculture including commercial live stock and animal farm wastes & lots is the main source o f many organic and inorganic pollutants. These contaminant s include both sediment from erosion of cropland an d compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen that partly or iginated from animal wastes, fertilizers and common agro- biocide. Animal waste and domestic wastes are high in oxygen demanding material nitrogen and phosphorus and often they harbor pathogenic microbes. In India , raw level of major ions (notably phosphate, nitra te, fluoride & chloride), metals (notably iron & arseni c) and liable & non liable dissolve organic compoun ds ( DOC) vary significantly across the region and with season. However, in India particularly rural sector s groundwater (major source of potable water) resources are mainly polluted through the poor septic syst ems, small disposal pits, landfills, animal lots, fertil izers and application of sludge's. Keeping this vie w a laboratory study was conducted to monitor the groundwater quality of selected sites of Purnia, Sub-urban town of Kosy region Bihar ( once called Kalapani ) by examining the various Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, T.D.S., D.O & C.O.D etc. A comparison with ICMR, WHO and other agencies standard shows that the groundwater is nearly suitable for d rinking purpose and for other useful anthropogenic activities. An attempt has also been made to understand the water quality index (WQI ) .

Postmodern Humanism in English Dystopian Novels: From Animal Farm to Fahrenheit 451

The “Dystopian” works in 20th century bear the subversion, questioning and criticism of the traditional utopian literature. Dystopian writers express their concerns and warnings about the living status of the human society through creating of dystopian works, and with one accord places the hope of human civilization on postmodern humanism which emphasizes the nature, mission, value, and individual development of mankind. Confronted with intricate social problems, postmodern humanism is the spiritual impetus to promote human progress, reflection, and self-improvement. This article focuses on two dystopian masterpieces—George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 to explore the postmodern humanistic themes and connotations implied in the two novels, and to disclose the postmodern humanism presentations under oppression and exploitation concealed in the totalitarian society. This article is intended to provide a new dimension for interpreting dystopian novels, which is conducive to further explore and study the humanistic significances and values of dystopian works.

Conversational maxims in fiction translation: New insights into cooperation, characterization, and style

This paper analyses Grice’s maxims in two Arabic translations of Animal Farm to gain insight into the communicative principles underlying character-to-character, narrator-to-reader, and translator-to-reader interactions in fiction translation. Compared to the original, the translated character-level interactions show a more frequent use of maxim hedges, more awareness of or commitment to maxims, more informative responses, and more manifestations of interpersonal relationships, politeness and propositional attitudes. They also show a preference for observing rather than flouting maxims and hence for explicating rather than implicating a meaning. By contrast, there are fewer narrator-reader implicatures, a reduced persuasive power and hence a lesser reader engagement. The overall results point to a higher level of explicitness and informativeness that contributes to the conciseness and simplicity of the translational language and style. Compared to the original writer, translators provide more contextual knowledge and show more awareness of conversational maxims during the re-narration and mediation process.

Animal Farm Antecedent?

I came across a children’s book that appears to me to contain nascent elements of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. This is: The Animals on Strike & Other Tales arranged by Edith Carrington illustrated by F. M Cooper (London, 1895), 184. I presume Carrington is also the author of the little story. Cooper’s initials appear on most of the engravings, which are excellent; but the flyleaf conflictingly claims the noted Harrison Weir as illustrator. The title story describes an ill-run farm with cruel farmer John Shane who regularly abuses his animals. They join in rebellion, meeting and discussing their issues and tactics in open assembly. Shane’s son Tom follows his father’s behaviour, who is seriously injured when an abused horse runs away with him; his suffering and the counsel of kindly women reform him. It occurs to me that Orwell (Eric Blair) might well have seen this book in his youth and recast its basic theme for his superb satire against corrupted Marxism. Can anyone carry this discussion further?

PERAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENYULUHAN PETERNAKAN DI DESA KANONANG KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ABSTRACTTHE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN ANIMAL FARM EXTENSION AT KANONANG VILLAGE, WEST KAWANGKOAN DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. The technological information was developing annually, indicated by gadget tool combined by the computer tools. All aspects of human need were using technological information. The smart-phone can be used as tools of study processing to deliver knowledge massages. Objective of this study was to evaluate the role of technological information in the animal farm extension at Kanonang village, district of West Kawangkoan in Minahasa regency. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The direct observation and discussion were applied to obtain primary data. Total of 36 sample farmers defined by purposive sampling were taken from 54 household farmers at Kanonang village. Indicator of study was using likert scale. Data were analyzed by Chi square method. Result showed that the technological information did not play the role in animal farm extension at Kanonang village due to strong traditional system of the community occurring from the previous generation to the next recently generation.

Manipulative strategies of positive/negative presentation in George Orwell’s Animal Farm: a critical discourse analysis

This paper presents a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of manipulative strategies of positive/negative presentation in George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1944). The paper’s main objective is to explore the manipulative purposes beyond positive presentation of selfness and negative presentation of otherness in the selected novel. Two research questions are addressed here: first, what are the different strategies of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation encoded in Orwell’s Animal Farm? Second, to what extent are these strategies employed linguistically in the discourse of the novel to manipulate discourse recipients? The analysis covers some CDA strategies, including justification, using false statistics, falsification of history, and competency, for positive self-presentation; and accusation, criticism, using ambiguous words, and recurrent rumors, for negative other-presentation. In so doing, the paper draws on two main approaches: the first is Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1989, 1995; van Dijk, 1993), and the second is van Dijk’s (1997a) model of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. The paper concludes that through strategies of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation writers/speakers can encode ideologies that aim to influence recipients’ attitudes.