Anhydrous Zinc Chloride Research Articles

Synthesis of Symmetrical <i>N,N</i>′-Alkylidene Bisamides Using Zinc Chloride as a Lewis Acid Catalyst

N,N-alkylidene bisamides were synthesized with good to excellent yields from aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and amides in the presence of 2 mol % of anhydrous zinc chloride. The synthesis successfully employed Lewis acid as catalyst.

Synthesis of 2-(aryl)-5-(arylidene)-4-thiazolidinone derivatives with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity

A series of novel N-[5-(arylidene)-2-(aryl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-biphenylcarboxamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide was converted to the corresponding aryl hydrazones using aryl aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid. The aryl hydrazones on reaction with thioglycolic acid in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride yielded N-[2-(aryl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-biphenylcarboxamide which further on reaction with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid furnished the title compounds. All compound exhibited anti-inflammatory activity at the dose 10 mg/kg. The structures of all these newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their elemental analyses (C, H, N) and spectral data (IR and 1H NMR).

Chloromethylation Research of LX-1180 Macroporous Adsorption Resin in Ultrasonic Environment

This work performed the chloromethylation study of LX1180 in an ultrasonic environment, and presented a novel method to realize high chloromethylation degree for high crosslinking MARs. During this process, Monochloromethyl ether and anhydrous zinc chloride was adopted as chloromethylation reagent and catalyst respectively, the influences of conditions on the chloromethylation degree were investigated and optimized systemically. The sample prepared under the optimization conditions possessed the chloromethylation degree of 2.87 mmol/g.

Synthesis and antibacterial studies of 2-aryl-3-alkanamido-4H-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives

A series of 2-aryl-3-alkanamido-4H-thiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized from long chain fatty acid hydrazides and studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Long chain fatty acid hydrazides 1 on reaction with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid yielded the corresponding aryl hydrazones 2 which on further reaction with thioglycolic acid in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride furnished the title compounds 3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and 1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined.

Low-temperature vapor–solid growth and excellent field emission performance of highly oriented SnO 2 nanorod arrays

Well-aligned SnO 2 nanorod arrays were grown directly on a single-crystalline Si, conductive and quartz glass substrates by thermal evaporation of a mixture of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl 2·2H 2O) and anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl 2) powders at 600 °C in air. The SnO 2 nanorod is a single crystalline with a tetragonal structure and grows along the [0 0 1] direction. A single-layer SnO 2 nanoparticle film is first formed via the vapor–solid (VS) process based on the decentralization function of ZnCl 2 vapor in the reaction chamber. The SnO 2 nanoparticles served as seeds, and grew into nanorod arrays via the VS process. The density of the nanorods can be changed by adjusting the weight ratio of ZnCl 2 to SnCl 2·2H 2O in the mixture. The field emission properties of the SnO 2 nanorod arrays were measured, and exhibited a turn-on field of 1.67 V μm −1 and a field-enhancement factor of 2866. Moreover, this low-temperature VS growing process may be employed for the synthesis of highly oriented nanorod arrays of other oxides, and provides opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications.

Synthesis of new azetidinonyl/thiazolidinonyl quinazolinone derivatives as antiparkinsonian agents

Several 3-amantadinyl-2-[(2-substituted benzylidenehydrazinyl)methyl]-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (5a–5l) were prepared by the reaction of 3-amantadinyl-2-hydrazinylmethyl substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (4a–4b) with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. Cycloaddition of compounds (5a–5l) with thioglycolic acid in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride yielded 3-amantadinyl-2-[((substitutedphenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)methylamino]-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (6a–6l). Compounds 5a–5l on further reaction with chloro acetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine gave 3-amantadinyl-2-[((substitutedphenyl)-3-chloro-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl)methylamino]-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (7a–7l). The compounds 5a–5l, 6a–6l and 7a–7l were screened for their antiparkinsonian activity. The most active compound was 6g i.e. 3-amantadinyl-6-bromo-2-[((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)methylamino]-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental and spectral (IR, 1H NMR and mass) analysis.

Bernthsen synthesis, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity of acridine derivatives

The condensation reaction of diphenylamine with 2-oxo-2 H-(substituted chromen)-4-yl acetic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride afford 4-(acridine-9-ylmethyl)-2 H-(substituted chromen)-2-one. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies and elemental analysis and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes (gram +ve), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram −ve) and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and anticancer activity (HL-60, Hep-2 & HEK293T) by MTT assay. Chloro substituted compounds showed antimicrobial and anticancer activity with IC 50 values in the low micromolar range.

The effect of Al-doping on the structural, optical, electrical and cathodoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Aluminum doped zinc oxide (Al-doped ZnO) thin films were deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique onto the glass substrates at 450 °C using anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) as sources of zinc and aluminum ions, respectively. The effect of [Al]/[Zn] ratio in the solution on the structural, optical, electrical and cathodoluminescence properties of these films were investigated. XRD study revealed that both undoped and Al-doped ZnO films were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure and exhibited (0 0 2) preferential orientation. The optical and electrical studies showed that the film deposited with the [Al]/[Zn] ratio equal to 0.05 had high transmittance (of about 80% and 95% in the visible and near infra-red regions, respectively) and minimum resistivity of 1.4×10 −3 Ω cm, respectively. This resistivity value decreased with increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting nature of Al-doped ZnO films. The chemical composition analysis (EPMA) showed that this film was nearly stochiometric with a slight oxygen deficiency.

Zinc(II) 5-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)pyrazolinates and their adducts with N and P donor ligands: synthesis, spectral, biological, and anti-inflammatory investigations

Synthesis, spectral, biological, and anti-inflammatory investigations of a series of complexes of zinc(II) with 5-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)pyrazolines of the type (C15H12N2OX)2Zn (where X =–H,–Cl,–CH3,–OCH3) are presented. The complexes were synthesized by reaction of anhydrous zinc(II) chloride with sodium salts of pyrazoline in 1 : 2 molar ratio. Adducts with N and P donor ligands (2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and triphenylphosphine) were prepared in 1 : 1 molar ratio. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight, conductivity, IR, electronic, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and FAB mass spectral studies. All complexes are amorphous. Tetrahedral geometry around zinc confirms the presence of two bidentate pyrazoline ligands in zinc(II) 5-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)pyrazolinates. In adducts pyrazoline is monodentate. Bidentate and monodentate pyrazoline were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectral data. All metal complexes were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was also carried out by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. Brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study in-vitro cytotoxic properties.

Zinc Chloride as an Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Dimethyl Acetalization

Commercially available anhydrous zinc chloride has been found to be a highly efficient catalyst for dimethyl acetalization in high yields by treatment of aldehydes and ketones with trimethyl orthoformate in methanol-cyclohexane at reflux temperature.

Anhydrous zinc chloride: an efficient catalyst for one pot synthesis of 2,3,4,12-tetrahydrobenzothiazolo[2,3b]quinazolin-1-ones

One pot synthesis of quinazolin-1-one derivatives has been achieved from 2aminobenzothaizoles, 1,3-cyclohexanedione and aromatic aldehydes in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride catalyst. This methodology provides several advantages simple & mild reaction conditions and excellent yield.

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosidation of 1,2-Anhydrosugars

Being able to increase the yield by >20% compared to the conventional use of anhydrous zinc chloride (>1 equiv) as a promoter, Ph 3PAuOTf is disclosed to be a superior catalyst for the well-established glycosylation reaction with 1,2-anhydrosugars as donors.

New conversion of Friendländer reaction of 3-amino-1 H-benzo[ f]chromene-2-carbonitriles with cyclohexanone

Two different skeletons of heterocyclic compounds, quinoline and quinazolinone analogs could be obtained by a novel one-pot synthesis from substituted 3-amino-1 H-benzo[ f]chromene-2-carbonitrile derivatives and cyclohexanone in DMF in the catalyst of anhydrous zinc chloride under reflux. A plausible mechanism was proposed.

The tert-amino effect in heterocyclic chemistry: Synthesis of new fused pyrazolinoquinolizine and 1,4-oxazinopyrazoline derivatives

The synthesis of novel fused heterocycles is based on reactions proceeding by the mechanism of the tert-amino effect, which generalizes cyclization of certain derivatives of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones. Using this strategy a variety of fused heterocycles is obtained by the Knoevenagel condensation of 5-tert-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolone-4-carboxal-dehyde 3 with active methylene compounds such as malononitrile and cyanoacetamide followed by cyclisation using anhydrous zinc chloride.

An efficient and practical synthesis of 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)(aryl)methyl)malononitriles under ultrasound irradiation

Synthesis of 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)(aryl)methyl)malononitrile via the Michael addition of indole with various arylmethylenemalononitriles was carried out in good yields using anhydrous zinc chloride as the catalyst under ultrasound irradiation.

Synthesis of furanosyl α-C-glycosides derived from 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α- d-galactose and their cytotoxic activities

Condensation of a new unnatural sugar 1 with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride gave the polyhydroxyalkyl-furans in excellent yields. Further modification afforded the corresponding furanosyl α-C-glycoside derivatives. The absolute configuration of 3-acetyl-2-methyl-5-(2′-chloro- d-galacto-tetritol-1-yl)-furan was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of these furanosyl C-glycosides were also investigated.

A Novel Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,1‐Benzoxazine Derivatives.

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A Novel Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 3,1-Benzoxazine Derivatives

The synthesis of 3,1-benzoxazine derivatives by the cyclocondensation of substituted o-aminobenzonitrile with aromatic aldehyde in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride under classical heating and microwave irradiation is described. This is a novel efficient synthetic route of 3,1-benzoxazine cyclic compounds.

New Synthesis of 2H‐3,1‐Benzoxazine Derivatives: Zinc Chloride–Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of 2‐Amino‐5‐nitrobenzonitrile with Aldehydes under Microwave Conditions

2H‐3,1‐Benzoxazine derivatives were prepared in good yields from 2‐amino‐5‐nitrobenzonitrile and aldehydes in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride under microwave irradiation conditions.

Wet-Chemical Synthesis of ZnTe Quantum Dots

ABSTRACTZnTe quantum dots (QDs) have been very attractive because of their potential applications in optoelectronic devices operating in the blue-green region of the spectrum. This paper describes a convenient one-step synthesis of high-quality ZnTe QDs in high-temperature organic solution with high yield. Anhydrous zinc chloride was dissolved in phenyl ether under argon protection and oleic amine was used as coordinating agent. Complex solution of metal tellurium in trioctylphosphine (TOP) was injected into the hot reaction mixture as a source of tellurium. The reaction was complete in several minutes and the resulting QDs were isolated by centrifugation and re-dispersed in hexane. The produced spherical ZnTe QDs are monodispersed and their sizes could be controlled simply by varying the growth temperature. The morphology and phase structure were investigated using TEM and XRD. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also studied and quantum size effects were observed as well.