Andropogon Nardus Research Articles

Effect of various formulations of Piper aduncum botanical pesticide and concentration levels on fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 Tropical strain 4 and VCG 01218 strain 1

Pathogen of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 (Tropical strain/TR4) and VCG 01218 (strain1) are the cause of wilt disease in banana. Plant-based pesticides are an alternative environmentally friendly substance that can control plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain a formulation of Piper aduncum oil with several essential oils to suppress the growth development of two Foc strains that cause wilt disease in banana plants. This study used a complete randomized design in factorial, where the first factor is the type of formulation: F1 = 25% P. aduncum leaf oil, F2 = P. aduncum leaf oil with lemongrass leaf oil (Cymbopogon flexiosus), F3 = P. aduncum oil with citronella leaves (Andropogon nardus), F4 = P. aduncum oil with Ceylon cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), F5 = P. aduncum oil with Padang cinnamon leaf oil (C. burmanii), F6 = P. aduncum oil with cloves leaf oil (Eugenia aromatica) F7=P. aduncum oil with wild ginger oil (Elettariopsis slahmong). The second factor is the concentration level: 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm. The results showed that diameter of mycelium between Foc VCG01213/16 and VCG01218 did not differ significantly. However, there were significant differences in the botanical pesticide formulations used. P. aduncum oil formulation mixed with cloves leaf oil and ceylon cinnamon oil at a concentration level of 3000 ppm had better inhibition of colony diameter, namely for Foc VCG01213/16 (90.55% and 88.08%) and on Foc VCG 01218 (90.72% and 89.85%). Likewise, for the inhibition of colony biomass, the best formulation is the P. aduncum oil mixed with cloves leaf oil and with ceylon cinnamon oil, the concentration level at 3000 ppm for Foc VCG 01213/16 were 96.64 and 95.80%, respectively. In contrast, for Foc VCG 01218 were 96.00% for both.

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus Amarillyfolius) DAN BATANG SERAI (Andropogon nardus) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI PEMBASMI KUTU BERAS (Sitophylus oryzae)

This study aims to determine whether there is an effective effect of fragrant pandan leaf powder (Pandanus amarillyfolius) and lemongrass stems (Andropogon nardus) as natural insecticides on the optimal death of rice bugs (Sitophylus oryzae). This research is an experimental research conducted in the biology laboratory of Patompo University. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with the concentration of pandan leaf powder (P.amarillifolius) and lemongrass stem (A.nardus) which were varied, namely P0 (0), P1 (60 gram fragrant pandan leaf powder), P2 (60gram lemongrass stem powder), P3 (60gr fragrant pandan leaf powder + 60gr lemongrass stem powder). Based on the results of the study for rice flea mortality, it can be seen that the average of each concentration is P0 (0%), P1 = 56.7%, P2=66.7%, and P3 = 73.3%. Of these concentrations, it can be seen that the best concentration as a natural insecticide for rice flea mortality is P3 with an average mortality of 73.3%. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the value of F count> F table (6.333> 5.14) or sig value <0.05 (0.033 <0.05), so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant effect of utilizing fragrant pandanus leaves and lemongrass stems as a natural insecticide against rice fleas. So it can be said that fragrant pandanus leaf powder (P.amarillyfolius) and lemongrass stems (A.nardus) can have an effective effect and as a natural insecticide against the death of rice fleas (S.oryzae).Keywords: Pandanus amarillyfolius, Andropogon nardu, Sitophylus oryzae

The effect of various essential oil and solvent additives on the botanical pesticide of Piper Aduncum essential oil on formulation antifungal activity

This study aims to obtain a formulation of the botanical pesticide P aduncum with additives and the right type of solvent. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design in factorial, the first factor being essential oil additives; citronellagrass oils (Andropogon nardus), lemongrass oils (Cimbopogon flexiosus), Ceylon cinnamon leaf oils (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Padang cinnamon leaf oils (Cinnamomum burmanii), clove leaf oils (Eugenia aromatica) and wild ginger leaf oils (Elettariopsis slahmong), both types of solvent (ethanol, methanol and turpentine). The experiment was carried out at the Laing Solok IPPTP parasitology laboratory. The results showed that all additive materials had a positive effect in increasing the antifungal activity of the botanical pesticide P aduncum essential oil with different effectiveness against the test fungi. Citronella oil showed the highest antifungal effectiveness compared to other additives, especially against S. rolfsii and Pestalotia sp, with diameter and biomass inhibition of fungal colonies tested S rolfsii 92.15% and 92.70%, Pestalotia sp 84.82% and 86,34% and F. oxysporum 43.87 and 47.17%. All solvents can be used for the formulation of the botanical pesticide P aduncum, ethanol solvent is better than methanol and turpentine with the highest inhibition capacity of the diameter and biomass of the fungus colonies tested S rolfsii 91.28% and 92.05%, Pestalotia sp 83.56% and 86.02% and for F. oxysporum 40.31 and 48.36%, respectively.

Proses Pengembangan Serai Wangi sebagai Minyak Alami serta Manajemen Limbah Pasca Produksinya di Desa Pendalian

Lemongrass is an herbal plant with the Latin name Andropogon nardus L. In Indonesia alone, lemongrass is widely cultivated. Not only as a flavoring in cooking, citronella is also a plant that produces atsiri oils. The chemical components contained in citronella are quite complex, but the most important are citronella and geraniol, as determinants of odor intensity, fragrance, and the value of the price of citronella oil. Not only the benefits of citronella can be taken, the waste from citronella can also be utilized. One area that produces citronella is Pendalian Village, Rokan IV Koto District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau. The owner of the garden directly carries out the production process and markets it to collectors, but since the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of citronella oil has dropped drastically and is difficult to market. The data collection method is carried out with partner site analysis and surveys. With this service, it is hoped that the owners of the lemongrass gardens in Pendalian Village can overcome the processing and marketing of citronella oil production, so that it can trigger the economic development of Pendalian Village.

Evidence-based antifungal potential of some traditional medicinal plants, from the Bechar region (Southwest Algeria)

The development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of several ailments. In this research, the antifungal activity of the crude aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts of nine medicinal plant, frequently used in the local traditional medicine in the Bechar region (southwest Algeria), was evaluated, using the radial growth method on solid medium, against seven fungal pathogens isolated from local wheat, toasted and green Coffee beans. The results of the antifungal potency revealed that the hydromethanolic extract of Rhus tripartita and the aqueous extract of Traganum nudatum were the best to suppress the growth of Aspergillus nidulans (77 and 66% respectively), followed by the hydromethanolic extract of Haloxylon scoparia red (63%) . Whereas, the aqueous extract of Traganum nudatum was found to be the best to inhibit the growth of Penicillium oxalicum (60%) compared to the other extracts. Lesser activities were recorded for the hydromethanolic extract of Andropogon nardus (0%) and the aqueous extract of Globularia vulgaris (1%) against Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus ochracus respectively. The selected plant extracts can serve as potential sources of new antifungal agents that may be of great use for the development of pharmaceutics against various diseases.

Productivity Improvement of Smallholder Coffee Plantation to Prevent the Expansion of the Plantation into Protected Forest

Farmers expanded the smallholder plantation to the protected tropical rainforest area due to declining of coffee productivity by the old age of coffee trees and degraded soils in West Lampung, Sumatra Island of Indonesia. The research aimed to study the performance of rehabilitated Robusta coffee trees and citronella grass (Andropogon nardus L.) as a conservation crop to improve the smallholder coffee plantation productivity. The old Robusta coffee trees (more than 25 years old) were rehabilitated by side grafting. Scions for the grafting were superior clones such as Sumber Asin (SA) 237, Besoekish Proefstation (BP) 436, and 534. In the experiment, two scions were grafted to each of 600 local Robusta coffee trees. To know the effect of grafting, the coffee trees were observed using stratified random sampling with equal sample allocation. The strata were varying positions of land on the hill, i.e., peak, ridge, and bottom, and the other were the three clones. The citronella was planted along the contour line among the coffee trees, with a vertical interval (VI) was 1.25 m. On average, the two grafted branches of coffee trees could produce green beans 453 g. It was higher than the average yield of the farmers’ coffee trees, i.e., 387 g tree-1. The SA 237, however, was vulnerable to the attack of berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). Besides, to control erosion, the citronella grass under 40 to 60% covered by coffee trees canopy, produced fresh leaves 10-ton ha-1year-1 or essential oil as much as 87 L (essential oil content of leaves 0.87%), approximately. That was equivalent to $1,115 in a year. The citronella also improved the soil chemical properties, especially organic-C, P2O5, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+.

Exploration and Identification of the Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Citronella (Andropogon nardus L.) in the Dry Land Regions in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Climate change has an impact on the transition function of the wetland to dry land. This shift led to the increased of the dry land area with less potential for food crops and horticulture. Citronella plants have been identified as one of the lemongrass crops that able to survive in the dry land area. However, the resulting yield to produce citronella oil is still very low at 0.8 to 1.0%. In this regard, Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) was indicated to be able to increase the absorption of nutrients and water in many plants in the dry land regions. The type of AMF that compatible enough with citronella plant was not identified yet. The purpose of this study was to determine the number and diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of indigenous citronella (lemongrass). The study was conducted from August to November 2015 in three regions of cultivation of citronella using survey methods and wet screening. The study found four important AMF geniuses in the study site; there are Glomus, Acaulospora Gigaspora, and Sclerocystis.

UJI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN

The Loss of crop productivity can reach 30-35% if not use pesticide. The other hand, to use of pesticides can be caused environmental problems and human healthy. This research aims to develop biopesticides for pests and plant diseases. It was conducted at the PEM laboratory UIN Suska Riau and on land, from July to November 2015. The sourches were extracts from Andropogon nardus, Annona muricata leaves, Ageratum conyzoides, Piper aduncun fructus, Nicotiana tabacum leaves, Tinospora crispa, Azadirachta indica leaves, Allium sativum and Piper betle leaves. Each the source was macerated in alcohol 50% for 24 hours and then distilled at a temperature of 60 °C until all the alcohol evaporates. The experimental Design was complete random design with 7 treatments (control, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and chemical pesticides as positif control) and 3 replicates. Parameters of the test biopesticides to disease performed in vitro with measure the resistance zones and for mealybugs and Gryllus assimilis in vivo with the pest mortality. Biopesticide test in vitro for the bacteria that causes carrot root rot has not been able to kill microbes. The mortality rate mealybugs begins before 1 hour observation at the treatment biopesticide concentration of 80%, 100% and control positif. Provision of different concentrations of biopesticides, does not the increased mortality of Gryllus assimilis. This shows that the power to kill biopesticide still well below chemical pesticides, but the pest is still alive no appetite as antifeedant effect of the biopesticide. So biopesticide application does not have to kill the target pest. Need follow-up and development of this research and other pests.

Aktivitas Repelensi dan Insektisidal Beberapa Ekstrak dan Minyak Nabati terhadap Hama Gudang Ephestia cautella

<p>Ephestia cautella<em> is one </em><em>type </em><em>of storage pest</em><em>s</em><em> that causes a decrease in cocoa bean</em><em> </em><em>quality. Control of th</em><em>is</em><em> pest using chemical insecticides is not recommended because it is harmful to the environment and consumer health. The research aimed to </em><em>examine</em><em> the repellency and insecticidal activity of several types of extract and botanical oil </em><em>against</em><em> </em>E. cautella<em> larvae. The </em><em>research was</em><em> conducted </em><em>in</em><em> the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, </em><em>from </em><em>March to November 2012. </em><em>Botanical</em><em> materials used </em><em>were</em><em> water extracts from </em>Ageratum conyzoides<em> leaves, </em>Azadirachta indica<em> seeds, </em><em>and </em>Allium sativum<em> tubers, as well as oil from </em>Reutalis trisperma<em>, </em>Syzygium aromaticum<em>, and </em>Andropogon nardus<em>, </em><em>with respective</em><em> concentration of 0.5%. The insects test used was the 3rd instar larvae </em><em>generated</em><em> in the laboratory. </em><em>P</em><em>reliminary testing </em><em>of the </em><em>repellency activity was performed </em><em>used the</em><em> multiple</em><em>-</em><em>choice method, while subsequent testing used the dual</em><em>-</em><em>choice method with the parameter</em><em>s</em><em> of larvae </em><em>number remains i</em><em>n each treatment until 72 hours. The insecticidal activity was conducted using residual </em><em>method </em><em>on the feed substitute, by calculating mortality rate of the test insects. Observations were made at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results showed that water extract </em><em>from</em><em> </em>A. sativum<em> bulbs and </em>A. conyzoides<em> leaves have high repellency percentage on the </em>E. cautella<em> larvae, i.e. </em><em>of </em><em>81.33% and 78.67%, respectively. Thus, the</em><em>se</em><em> two vegetable extracts have the potential to be </em><em>used as cocoa bean protectant </em><em>from </em><em>storage pest </em><em>attack</em><em>s.</em><em> The extract</em><em>s</em><em> </em><em>from</em><em> </em>A. indica<em> seed, </em>A. sativum<em> bulbs, as well as</em><em> oil from</em><em> </em>R. trisperma<em> and </em>S. aromaticum<em> showed insecticidal properties that are able to kill </em>E. cautella<em> larvae.</em><em></em></p>

PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK SERAI (Andropogon nardus) TERHADAP MORTALITAS HAMA KEONG MAS (Pomaceacaniculata L.)

Snails (Pomaceae canaliculata L) or often referred to as snail mulberry is one type of freshwater snail that comes from the Americas. The spread of snails (Pomaceae canaliculata L.) in Indonesia the spread widening due to breeding very fast. Besides, many snails are farmed in ponds so many move to the rice fields. Potential snails can cause crop damage ranges from 10-40%. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of extract of lemon grass (Andropogon nardus) most appropriate for mortalty pest snails (Pomacea caniculata L.). This study was conducted in July to September 2014 in Biology Laboratorium State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Raden Intan Lampung. This type of research is experimental. The method used in the study is the method of full randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions each cup contains 12 heads snails. The concentration of treatment were 0% (as a control), 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%. Based on the results of the study showed that:The concentration of the most effective in killing pests snails Pomacea caniculata L is 5%, which is able to kill 100% of pest snails Pomacea caniculata L for 24 hours. Sitronela compounds have the nature of a contact poison that can cause death due to loss of fluid continuously.Kata kunci: Mortalitas, ekstrak, kontak racun.

Potent water extracts of Indonesian medicinal plants against PTP1B

ObjectiveTo examine the potent of water as a solvent agent in the preparation of traditional herbal medicine. MethodsWater extracts of 18 plants were prepared through reflux and examined (25 μg/mL) to evaluate their possibility for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The determination of IC50 values was performed for the samples possessing more than 80% inhibition. Meanwhile, those exhibiting IC50 values more than 7.0 μg/mL were further profiled for their chemical constituents through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. ResultsAbout 44% (8) of the examined samples showed more than 80% inhibition against PTP1B. The water extracts of Elephantopus scaber, Helicteres isora aerial parts, Elaeocarpus grandiflorus (E. grandiflorus) fruits, Melaleuca leucadendron leaves, and Quercus infectoria gum had IC50 values ranging from 2.05 to 6.90 μg/mL. Meanwhile, Andropogon nardus and Centella asiatica were at the area of δ 3.0–4.0 ppm. Further, the 13C NMR observation of samples possessing the most intensive signals in their proton NMR Cinnamomum burmannii and E. grandiflorus showed the peaks at the area of δ 60–90 ppm as the supportive evidence for sugar group signals. Intriguingly, a disaccharide from E. grandiflorus could be an active inhibitor towards PTB1B. ConclusionsIn contrast to the mainstream solvents currently used in modern herbal manufactures especially Jamu medicine in Indonesia, pure-water-extracted materials should be reconsidered and could be reemerged for future studies and for the manufacture of herbal medicines. In addition, the activity of Jamu components should be confirmed that their antidiabetes and antiobesity activities could be through the inhibition of PTP1B.

Pengujian Ekstrak Tumbuhan Vitex trifolia L., Acorus colomus L., dan Andropogon nardus L. terhadap Hama Pasca Panen Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) pada Biji Kakao

Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) is a primary pest mostly found in cocoa bean storage. Controlling A. fascuculatus is highly necessary, as this action would also reduce infestation of secondary pests. Utilization of natural materials as bait or trap is one applicable method to lessen damage and loss during storage. Vitex trifolia L., Acorus colomus L., and Andropogon nardus L are plant species that posess insecticidal properties that can be used to control post harvest pests. Materials used in this experiment are leaves of V. trifolia, rhizome of A. colomus and leaves of A. nardus. The three types of materials are blended and sieved with 300 mesh until finely broken up for make powder formulation. As much as 1 g of powder extract was taken then mixed with additional substract (water + CMC + saw dusts). The mixtures were then shaped in the form of ellipse resembling cocoa beans with approximately similar weight of 0.6 g (± 20 beans). Results show that V. trifolia and A. nardus are highly repellent (90.5 % and 94.5%) to A. fasciculatus, and crhizome of A. colomus is attractant to A. fasciculatus.

Brief Anthropology and Antiparasitic Remedies in Kurdish Ethno(veterinary)medicine: A Neglected Treasure Trove

The western Iran is unique and diverse in geographical locations and ethnic groups, mainly Kurdish group. The aim of this study was to gather and to record antiparsitic remedies that still used in Kurdish tribes in western Iran. The research area included the most populated parts of the Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces, mainly Kermanshah, Sahneh, Songhor, Dalahu, Javanrood, Sanadaj, and Kamyaran. The studies were done by Kurdish language scholars of veterinary medicine. A purposive sample of 15 participants was created from interviewing of herbalists, farm women, the old, farmers, shepherds, animal breeders, horse trainers and chiropractic men. Among them only market herbalist refused to participate in interviewing sessions more than 1 to 2 times. Twenty plants with documented antiparasitic activity are reported here. Andropogon nardus, Artemisia multellina vill, Achilla mountanica, Astragalus gossypinus Fisch; Artemisia absinthium, Cucurbita verrucosa,Cinchona officinalis, Gossypium herbaceum, Marrubium vulgar, Polygonum aviculaveofficinal, Hippophae rhamnoides, Red berries of Willow thorn (Tarou in Kurdish), Pisum sativum, Allium ampeloprassum, Satureja hortensis, Tragopogon porrifolius,Salix spp., Allium spp., Allium Moly, Rubia tinctorium are used as vermicidal remedies in Kurdistan. A functional soup made of lentil, saffron and blackseed is used by Kurdish people as an antiparasitic meal. Overall, due to the lack of interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency to migrate to cities for lucrative jobs, there is possibility of losing the wealth of knowledge of Kurdish ethnomedicine in the near future. It thus becomes necessary to acquire and preserve this traditional system of medicine.

Lemongrass Productivity, Oil Content, and Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Harvest Time

Lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats, (syn. Andropogon nardus var. flexuosus Hack; A. flexuosus Nees)] is one of the most widely grown essential oil plants in the world. Field experiments were conducted at Verona and Poplarville, MS, to evaluate the effects of N (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg N/ha) and S (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg S/ha) on lemongrass biomass productivity, essential oil content, yield, and oil composition. Overall, the essential oil content varied within 0.35 to 0.6% of the dried biomass. The major constituents were geranial (25–53%), neral (20–45%), caryophyllene oxide (1.3–7.2%), and t‐caryophyllene (0.3–2.2%). Biomass yields at Verona ranged from 9486 to 19,375 kg/ha, while oil yields ranged from 30 to 139 kg/ha. Overall, dry weight yields increased with the application of 80 kg N/ha relative to the 0 kg N/ha and with 160 kg of N/ha relative to the 0 and 40 kg N/ha treatments. At Poplarville, biomass yields varied from 8036 to 12,593 kg/ha, while oil yields ranged from 23.5 to 89.5 kg/ha. The application of N at 160 kg/ha at Poplarville increased dry weight yields relative to the N at 0 or 40 kg/ha rates, irrespective of the rate used for S. At Verona, within each S application rate, biomass yields were highest in Harvest 2, lower in Harvest 1, and the lowest in Harvest 3 (regrowth). The combined biomass yields of Harvest 1 and Harvest 3 would be lower, but oil yields would be higher compared to Harvest 2 (single‐harvest system). Lemongrass can be grown as an annual essential oil crop in the southeastern United States, with a potential for dual utilization: essential oil and lignocellulosic material for ethanol production.

Assessment of medicinal plant Cymbopogon citratus in north Maharashtra Univresity campus of Khandesh region

In the present investigation the current status of medicinal plants used by traditional vaidyas is studied in Khandesh area of Maharashtra state, India. Information was gathered using semistructured questionnaires about various traditional vaidyas. They were questioned about the types of ailments treated with plants and the preparation of herbal medical formulation. The study of Cymbopogon citrates is probably of Indian origin. However, it is now naturalized and found along path sides in the North Maharashtra University campus of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra and commonly cultivated in humid tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is difficult to distinguish Cymbopogon nardus (L) rendle (Synonyms Andropogon nardus L.). Cymbopogon nardus is called citronella grass and it possesses a different odour of its essential oil compared with Cymbopogon citratus.

Volatile constituents of Cymbopogon nardus (Linn.) Rendle

AbstractThe steam‐distilled volatile oil obtained from partially dried grass (citronella grass) Cymbopogon nardus (Linn.) Rendle (Syn. Andropogon nardus Linn.), cultivated in the Nilgiri Hills at Ooty, India, was analysed by capillary GC and GC–MS. The partially dried grass contained 35 components, of which 29 constituents, comprising 92.7% of the oil, were completely identified. The oil contains 16 monoterpenes (79.8%), nine sesquiterpenes (11.5%) and four non‐terpenic compounds (1.4%). The prominent monoterpenes were citronellal (29.7%), geraniol (24.2%), γ‐terpineol (9.2%) and cis‐sabinene hydrate (3.8%). The predominant sesquiterpenes were (E)‐nerolidol (4.8%), β‐caryophyllene (2.2%) and germacren‐4‐ol (1.5%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DERMATITIS CAUSED BY OIL OF CITRONELLA

A dermatitis from the application of oil of citronella is of sufficient rarity, in view of the wide use of this agent as a preventive of mosquito bites, to warrant the report of a case. This is undoubtedly an example of an individual sensitiveness to this substance and there are, without doubt, other persons who react in a similar manner. The essential feature of this particular case was the inflammatory reaction about each follicle of the region to which the oil had been applied. The redness and elevation about each follicle was very noticeable at the periphery of the areas, while the central parts, with their closely aggregated follicular elevations, were very rough. The commercial oil of citronella is distilled from a volatile oil yielded by the root, leaves, and especially the spikelets of a grass( Andropogon nardus ). This wild grass is mainly tropical, a native of India and Ceylon,