Android Type Research Articles

Assessment of the nutritional state of patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases

Chronic liver diseases present a serious problem of modern medicine. Quite often, patients with liver diseases suffer from a violation of the normal nutritional state. such as malnutrition against the background of deficiency or increased body weight, which can develop latently in the early stages of the liver pathology and lead to protein-energy malnutrition, the development of sarcopenia and its complications. Aim. Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Materials and methods. There were examined 282 patients, men n=138(49%), women n=144(51%) with liver pathology, whom were divided into groups: 1 gr - with chronic hepatitis n=75 (27. 4%), 2 gr - with chronic fatty non-alcoholic liver disease n=96 (34. 2%), and 3 gr - with liver cirrhosis of various etiology n=111 (39. 4%). The average age is 54. 23. Anthropometric studies were carried out (chest circumference, waist circumference, circumference of the middle part of the shoulder, thigh circumference), body mass index was calculated. In all patients, we studied the indicators of protein metabolism - total protein and albumin levels in blood serum. Results. The study revealed the presenceof abdominal fat in all patients, characteristic of obesity sarcopenia and a decrease in protein metabolism: total protein and albumin in patients with liver cirrhosis. Conclusions. All patients have an android type of adipose tissue distribution and are at high risk of developing comorbid cardiovascular and endocrine dysfunction.

Association of Body Composition with Static Plantar Foot Pressure in Young Adult

Body composition is a key component of health-related fitness. Dual Energy Absorptiometry (DEXA) is the most reliable technique to evaluate body composition. There is evidence suggesting that obesity is linked to foot disorders leading to & an increase in the risk of falls and injuries. Pedobarography is a fast, simple, non-invasive and reliable method used to measure plantar foot pressure. Studies on the association of body composition using DEXA with the static standing plantar pressure are limited. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure the association of fat percentage, Body mass index, type of obesity, fat mass and bone mineral content (BMC) with foot pressure. Methods: 64 young adults participated in this study including 34 females and 30 males with a mean age of 21.7±2.6 years. DEXA and Pedobarography were used for evaluation. Results: It was found that with the increase in every 1% in fat percentage, BMI, android type obesity the forefoot pressure increases by 1.070% (p-value 0.06), 1.079% (p-value 0.07) and 1.106% (p-value 0.25). Gynoid type obesity has an inverse relationship with forefoot pressure. With every 1% decrease in the gynoid type obesity value the forefoot pressure increases by 0.971% (p-value 0.97). Also, 39 out of 64 (60%) subjects with higher fat mass and 34 out of 64 (53%) subjects with greater bone mineral density (BMD) on one side had foot pressure dominance on the same side with p-value >0.05. Conclusion: This study concludes that body composition parameters variably affect the foot pressure in static standing.

A survey of pelvic types on computed tomography images

BackgroundIn the medical literature several classifications of the pelvis according to its shape can be found. The most common classification distinguishes four general pelvis types: gynecoid, android, anthropoid and platypelloid. Natural childbirth may be significantly prolonged, difficult or even impossible if the pelvis shape is not in proportion to the size of the fetus. The objectives of our study were to calculate major diameters and conjugate diameters of the female bony pelvic ring and to determine the major pelvic types according to their shape. Based on the parameters obtained, we aimed to establish a relationship between some pelvic types and difficult childbirth. MethodsThe study was prospective in design and included 54 female subjects of various ages who had been referred for computed tomography of the pelvis, as part of the diagnosis of an underlying condition. In each patient, five most important parameters in two planes were measured and the pelvic type was determined by using the brim index and a special formula for android type. All measurements were performed using the Vue PACS v 12.1.6.1005 program. The description of the pelvic inlet was used to confirm all pelvic types. Data on previous births were taken from the questionnaire filled out by the subjects during the radiological examination. ResultsGynecoid pelvic type was the most common in our sample (28 pelvises – 52%), followed by platypelloid type (11 pelvises – 20%), anthropoid type (8 pelvises – 15%) and finally android type (7 pelvises – 13%). There was a statistically significant difference in the diameter bispinous length (p < 0.05) between the platypelloid and anthropoid pelvic types. Pathological degree of stenosis was present in seven pelvises (the first degree in six pelvises and the second degree in one pelvis). The frequency of cesarean section was 31.82% and this technique was most frequently used in the subjects with a gynecoid pelvic type. The duration of natural labor ranged from 4 to 18 h. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of labor between subjects with different pelvic types. ConclusionsGynecoid pelvic type was present in more than half of our subjects. Although this type is considered ideal for labor, we have not established that it has a great influence on whether the labor will be performed naturally or by cesarean section, neither that it significantly affects the length of birth. The gross narrowing of the pelvic ring is present in non-gynecoid pelvic types. The data obtained will certainly be useful to the obstetrician when planning the labor and considering all the factors that may affect the course of birth.

Skeletal muscle dysfunction, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction, including skeletal muscle dysfunction, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and obesity. The purpose was to assess skeletal muscle status and determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with COPD. Materials and methods. 66 patients with COPD and 35 healthy subjects had been examined. Sarcopenia was established using EWGSOP2 criteria, and sarcopenic obesity was defined in the presence of sarcopenia with a body mass index &gt;25kg/m2. Results. In 59.1% of the patients with COPD, a decrease in skeletal muscle strength was found, in particular, by 28.2% in women and by 39.1% in men at GOLD 4 in comparison with GOLD 1 and by 40.7% and 54.3%, respectively, compared to the control. A decrease in leg circumference (by 16.3% in women and by 20.8% in men) was determined at GOLD 4 compared to GOLD 1. A decrease in walking speed by 20% in women and by 27.3% in men was determined at GOLD 4 in comparison with GOLD 1 and a reliable correlation inverse connection between age and walking speed (r=–0.72 — in women and r =–0.61— in men). A significant decrease in the lean mass of the limbs was established in COPD patients over 45 years old and with GOLD 2, lean and fat mass indices— with GOLD 3, appendicular lean mass— with GOLD 4 and over 60 years old. A direct correlation link was established between the severity of COPD and android type of obesity (r = 0.41; p &lt;0.05). Conclusions. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 66.7% of the patients with COPD and 5.7% of the control group, and sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 27.3% of the patients with COPD. An increase in the share of sarcopenia was observed with age (from 50% among young people to 91.7% among subjects over 60 years old) and sarcopenic obesity (from 25% of subjects under 45 years old to 55.6% over 60 years old) and with increasing severity of COPD (from 20% with GOLD 1 to 100% with GOLD 4 and from 42.9% with GOLD 1 to 50% with GOLD 4, respectively).

VARIABILITY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENT AND MATURE WOMEN DEPENDING ON ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION TYPE

This study aimed to identify variability patterns in the total body size of females, depending on the adipose tissue distribution type. It involved adolescent and mature women (aged 18 to 50; n=314) residing in the Saratov region. In the respondents the following total body dimensions were identified: body length, body mass, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference to hip circumference index (WH index). The women were divided into groups based on the WH index (&lt;0.8 – gynoid; 0.8-0.9 – interim type; &gt;0.9 – android type), which is indicative of the adipose tissue distribution. Patients in the groups with different adipose tissue distribution types featured statistically significant difference in the total body size. The maximum differences were those related to the body mass, waist circumference and the age composition within the groups.

VARIABILITY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENT AND MATURE WOMEN DEPENDING ON ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION TYPE

This study aimed to identify variability patterns in the total body size of females, depending on the adipose tissue distribution type. It involved adolescent and mature women (aged 18 to 50; n=314) residing in the Saratov region. In the respondents the following total body dimensions were identified: body length, body mass, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference to hip circumference index (WH index). The women were divided into groups based on the WH index (&lt;0.8 – gynoid; 0.8-0.9 – interim type; &gt;0.9 – android type), which is indicative of the adipose tissue distribution. Patients in the groups with different adipose tissue distribution types featured statistically significant difference in the total body size. The maximum differences were those related to the body mass, waist circumference and the age composition within the groups.

Anandamide is associated with waist-to-hip ratio but not with Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of energy balance and ovarian function and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of the present study is to determine anandamide (AEA) levels in PCOS patients and controls and to analyze its association with metabolic and hormonal disturbances in women with PCOS. The study included 88 women - 58 patients with PCOS (25.9±5.2 years) and 30 healthy controls (27.6±5.2 years). Further, patients were divided into two subgroups according to their waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): android type PCOS (WHR≥0.85; N.=26) and gynoid type PCOS (WHR<0.85; N.=32). Detailed anthropometric measurements, hormonal and biochemical tests and pelvic ultrasound were obtained between the 3rd and 5th day of a menstrual cycle. AEA was examined by ELISA kits. Patients with PCOS and healthy controls did not differ in anthropometric, metabolic parameters, AEA, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The PCOS group had increased total testosterone, FAI, DHEAS, androstenedione, and 17-OH-progesterone levels (P<0.001) and elevated LH/FSH ratio (P=0.023). A negative correlation between AEA levels was found with glycaemia at 120 minutes (r=-0.304, P=0.020) and WHR (r=-0.266, P=0.044). In the subanalysis of patients, the gynoid type group had significantly higher levels of AEA than the android type PCOS (5.4 [2.3;8.8] vs. 2.5 [1.8;5.1]; P=0.020). AEA did not differ between healthy women and patients, but a significant difference in its levels was found in PCOS patients divided according to their body constitution type.

Obesity in adult woman and risk for cardiometabolic disease. Case study in Rabat city

Morocco, which counts 37 million inhabitants [1] , has embarked on a demographic and nutritional transition. Adult female population constitute 50% of total population lives in urban area. National researches have shown that obesity and overweight have progressed significantly. Excess weight is three times more frequent in women than men, and the rate of woman obesity have jumped from 19.1% in 2017 to 29% in 2020 [2] . Determine the incidence rate of obesity and android overweight in a population of adult urban women. In total, 295 adult women have been recruited in the city of Rabat. Anthropometrics measures, calculation of BMI, body composition analysis via Bio-impedancemetry (BODYSTAT 1500 MDD) have been realized. Results show that 3.7% of the women were underweight, 16.61% have a normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), 35.6% are overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), 40.3% are obese (30 ≤ BMI < 40) and 6.4% suffer from severe obesity (BMI ≥ 41 kg/m 2 ). The percentage of fat body mass represent on average 40.2% of their total body constitution (norm 15–25%) and 51% for the cases in severe obesity; 82.3% have a weight size superior to the norm (> 80 cm). Overweight and obese women have an average waist size of 96.5 cm and the severely obese have an average waist size of 118 cm. The average observed age is 42 years old. The prevalence of obesity in adult female in our established sample is higher than the national average, respectively 46.7% versus 29%. It remains, nonetheless that the incidence of overweight/obesity is alarming in the Moroccan female. In addition, the excess body fat observed is essentially android type, well known for its deleterious effects including the metabolic risks, and cardiovascular diseases [3] .

Features of skinfold thickness in men with benign nevi

Nevi, although benign neoplasms of the skin, but have a certain tendency to malignancy, which is influenced by various external and internal human factors. Predicting the risk of benign nevi against this background is an important topic for experimental research. The aim of the study was to establish the features of the skinfold thickness (SFT) in men of the first adult age with benign nevi. SFT was determined according to the Bunak scheme for men (aged 22-35 years) with melanocyte benign simple nevi (n=34), melanocyte benign dysplastic nevi (n=27), melanocyte benign congenital nevi (n=14) and non-melanocyte benign (n=17). The control group – SFT of 82 practically healthy men of the same age group was selected from the data bank of the Research Center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5” using non-parametric evaluation methods. It was found that in practically healthy men higher than in patients – SFT on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the shoulder and thigh (in all groups of patients); SFT on the forearm, at the lower angle of the scapula, chest and shin (only in patients with melanocyte benign dysplastic nevi). Also in healthy men are found lower than in patients – SFT on the side (in all groups of patients); SFT in the abdomen (in patients with melanocyte benign simple and non-melanocyte benign nevi). When comparing SFT between patients with benign nevi, in most cases, lower values of SFT found in patients with melanocyte benign dysplastic nevi. The obtained results indicate the initial manifestations of abdominal (android) type of fat deposition in the body in patients with benign nevi (most pronounced in patients with melanocyte benign simple nevi).

Impact of Pulse Wave Velocity and Parameters Reflecting Android Type Fat Distribution on Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is caused by a decreased left ventricle relaxation and is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic heart failure (HF) and excessive mortality. Aim: To evaluate the frequency and factors related to LVDD in the population with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Methods: 200 patients (mean age 63.18 ± 8.12 years, 75.5% male) with CCS were included. LVDD was diagnosed based on the recent echocardiography guidelines. Results: LVDD was diagnosed in 38.5% of CCS population. From the studied factors, after adjustment for age, sex, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), LVDD associated positively with android/gynoid (A/G) fat mass ratio, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and negatively with Z-score and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In stepwise backward logistic regression analysis, the strongest factors associated with LVDD were pulse wave velocity value, handgrip strength and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Conclusions: LVDD is common among CCS patients and it is associated with parameters reflecting android type fat distribution regardless of NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity troponin T concentrations. Deterioration in diastolic dysfunction is linked with increased aortic stiffness independently of age and sex. Further studies evaluating the effects of increasing physical fitness and lowering abdominal fat accumulations on LVDD in CCS patients should be considered.

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Body Composition Pattern and Body Mass Index Across Menopausal Age Among Mongolian Women

Objectives: To investigate the correlation of body fat distribution pattern and body mass index (BMI) on the prevalence and clinical manifestation of menopausal symptoms across the menopausal stage among Mongolian women. Methods: A survey was conducted amongst a total of 1084 women aged 40-65 years Ulaanbaatar city and selected provinces representing five main remote regions of Mongolia. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and socioeconomic data. Menopause related characteristics were evaluated using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. Further, measurements were recorded to determine waist-to-hip-ratio and body mass index (BMI). Pearson's Chi-Square test was used to correlate. Results: Using the waist-to-hip-ratio, 84.4% of participants had the android type, and 15.6% were of the gynoid type. As for BMI, 38.4% were overweight, and 28.8% were obese. In multiple regression analysis, BMI had significant relationships with psychosocial and sexual problems (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, BMI and menopause status were independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Postmenopausal obese and overweight women were 1.6 times more likely to have cardiovascular disease than women in the perimenopausal status (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Overweight and obese perimenopausal women have a lower quality of life due to the prevalence of sexual and psychosocial symptoms. Obese postmenopausal Mongolian women are at significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Особливості гормонального балансу та метаболічного профілю у вагітних з різними типами ожиріння

Maternal obesity has become one of the main factors influencing obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Obesity in pregnant women increases the risk of complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The newborns of obese women also have higher rates of perinatal morbidity and an increased risk of long-term health problems. The objective: to learn hormonal and metabolic peculiarities in pregnant women with different obesity types during full-term pregnancy. Materials and methods. We examined 61 pregnant women with android type and 57 pregnant women with gynoid type of obesity at 39.6–40.6 weeks of gestation and 57 pregnant women without obesity and overweight. The concentration of estradiol, free estriol, insulin, placental lactogen, free testosterone, cortisol, dehydroepialdosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate), and serum progesterone by enzyme-linked immunosorbent method and glucose rate by glucose-oxydase method were determined. The HOMA index was determined. Results. In pregnant women with gynoid obesity type, the level of progesterone was 41.15 (34.6–48) ng/ml, with android type – 35.7 (32.6–40.6) ng/ml and with physiological body weight 35.4 (33.2–40) ng/ml (p&lt;0.05). While determining the concentration of placental lactogen in three groups there were no significant differences. There was a decrease (p&lt;0,05) in the level of free estriol in groups of pregnant women with android and gynoid type of obesity in comparison with the control group, respectively 13.9 (13.1–14.9) ng/ml, 13.6 (12, 4–15.4) ng/ml and 14.7 (13.6–15.8) ng/ml. The concentration of estradiol in second group was 24 925.3 (20 206.6–30 400.5) pg/ml, which is 1.2 times (p&lt;0.05) higher as in the control group and 1.4 times higher as in first group. In pregnant women with android-type obesity, estradiol levels were 1.2 times lower (p&lt;0.05) compared with the control group. The concentration of cortisol in pregnant women with android type was 812.1 (599–1235.15) nmol/l, which is 2.7 times higher (p&lt;0.05) compared to the women with gynoid type of obesity and 1.5 times higher (p&lt;0.05) than in the control group. In pregnant women with gynoid type of obesity, 1.7 times lower (p&lt;0.05) cortisol levels were observed in comparison with control group. The level of free testosterone was 2.4 (1.7–3.1) nmol/l in pregnant women of first group, what was higher (p&lt;0.05) than in second group and in control group, respectively 1 (0.8–1.5) nmol/l and 1.9 (1.6–2.3) nmol/l. Pregnant women in group 1 had 2.4 times higher (p&lt;0.05) testosterone levels compared to group 2 and 1.2 times higher (p&lt;0.05) than in control group. In women with android type, the concentration of DHEA sulfate was 2.4 times higher (p&lt;0.05) than in pregnant women with gynoid type and 2.1 times higher (p&lt;0.05) compared with the control group. Pregnant women with android type of obesity have a significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) serum insulin concentration of 67 (40–94.5) μIU / ml compared to women with gynoid type of obesity 33.3 (25.6–43) μIU/ml. When determining the glucose concentration no significant difference between three groups was found. The HOMA index in pregnant women with android type of obesity was 2.1 times higher than in pregnant women with gynoid type and 2.3 times higher than in control group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. The results of a study indicate that the type of distribution of adipose tissue is important during pregnancy and childbirth because the hormonal and metabolic activity of adipose tissue in android and gynoid obesity types are different. Keywords: android type of obesity, pregnancy, gynoid type of obesity, hormonal balance, metabolic profile.

Prevalence of Balance Disturbances in Women with Android and Gynoid Obesity

Objectives: In recent years increased incidence of obesity has been reported among general population due to vast changes in lifestyle of people attributing to industrialization and urbanization. However, the magnitude of the problem is more in women than in men. Hence, an attempt was made to review the impact of android and gynoid types of obesity on the balance in females Method: A cross- sectional, observational study was conducted on 100 premenopausal women aged 40-50 years. The participants were divided into android and gynoid obesity using waist hip ratio. Postural stability was assessed using functional reach test. Result: Balance disturbance was found in both android and gynoid type of obesities. Balance disturbance was found more in females with gynoid type of obesity. In android obesity 24 % of women have severe risk of falls and 76 % have moderate risk of falls. In gynoid obesity 33% have severe risk of fall and 67 % have moderate risk of fall according to functional reach test. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the study, it was concluded that balance disturbance was found more within the females with gynoid as compared to the females with android type of obesity.

IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION PATIENTS WITH PARTICIPATION OF A NURSE

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most frequent among cardiovascular diseases (CVD).About 31% of people suffer from it. The data of epidemiological studies indicate thatoccurrence of the disease is considerably caused by the level of modified and nonmodified risk factors (RF).Under conditions of reforms in the health care system of Ukraine implementation ofqualitatively new measures concerning AH prevention and activity to form a healthy lifestyle have become rather important. Management of a complicated behavior and life styleof AH patients requires experience and mutual efforts of various medical professionals.Professional competence of nurses enables to involve them in realization of up-to-datetechnologies in order to prevent diseases and strengthen health.Timely detection of RFs, elimination of their action, organization of patients’ education isone of the important tasks of nurses.Purpose of the study. To investigate the effect of modified risk factors on the developmentof arterial hypertension and determine the role of a nurse in the management of thedisease on the level of primary health care.Material and methods. 120 AH patients were involved into the study by means of a surveyincluding 43,3% of men and 56,7% of women aged from 23 to 79 (48,33±12,93). Theirarterial pressure was measured and risk factors were found. The results obtained wereprocessed by means of the common statistical methods using the packages of computersoftware STATISTICA V.6.0. The results of the study are presented in the number ofobservations, percentage, and accurate p value.Discussion. The period of arterial hypertension varied widely, though the majorityof patients (82%) suffered from it more than 10 years. The main part of patients – 73(60,83%) were afflicted with I degree of AH, 29 patients (24,17%) had II degree and 18individuals (15%) – III degree. The overweight patients and those with I – II degree ofobesity prevailed (81,67%). For example, 60 patients (50%) had android (abdominal)type of the adipose tissue distribution, which is indicative of metabolic disorders in thebody. All the patients were diagnosed to have moderate and high levels of psychosocialstress, which might be associated with an intensive and stressful life style. The majority ofpatients were characterized by a low (62,5%) and moderate (34,12%) levels of physicalactivity; and only 3,33% of them had sufficient level of physical activity. The surveyfound that 42 (35%) individuals smoked having a mixed type of smoking habits, moderate(40%) and mild (31%) degree of nicotine abuse. The majority of patients mentionedexcessive intake of salt, fats and cholesterol, disturbed dietary habits, insufficient intakeof vegetables and fruit.Conclusions. The amount of modified risk factors promoting development ofcardiovascular diseases increases in AH patients with age. Detection of RFs, educationof patients concerning their elimination is an integral part of nurse’s everyday work. Itwill promote improvement of life quality, prevention, optimization of a comprehensivetreatment and stabilization of arterial hypertension.

Formal Analysis of Language-Based Android Security Using Theorem Proving Approach

Mobile devices are an indispensable part of modern-day lives to support portable computations and context-aware communication. Android applications within a mobile device share data to support application operations and better user experience, which also increases security risks to device’s data integrity and confidentiality. To analyze the security provided by the Android permissions, modern security techniques, based on the programming languages, have been used to enforce best practices for developing the secure Android applications. Android security assessment, based on the language-based techniques in an informal setting without formal tool support, is tedious and error-prone. Furthermore, the lack of proof of the soundness of the language-based techniques raises questions about the validity of the analysis. To enable computer-aided formal verification in Android security domain, we have developed a mathematical model of language-based Android security using computer-based proof assistant Coq. One of the main challenges for mechanizing the language-based security in theorem prover relates to the complexity of variable bindings in language-based security techniques. As the main contributions of the paper: 1) the language-based security, including variable binding, is formalized in theorem prover Coq; 2) a formal type checker is built to type check (capture safe data flows within) Android applications using computer; and 3) the soundness of the language-based security technique (type system) is mechanically verified. The formal model of the Android type system and their proof of soundness are machine-readable, and their correctness can be checked in the computer using Coq proof and type checkers.

Опыт применения комплексной физиотерапии у женщин с андроидным типом ожирения в раннем послеродовом периоде

Опыт применения комплексной физиотерапии у женщин с андроидным типом ожирения в раннем послеродовом периоде

The influence of obesity and insulin resistance on the progress of bronchial asthma

Objective – to evaluate the clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with bronchial asthma and obesity based on the distribution of adipose tissue Materials and м ethods . The study involved 78 patients with uncontrolled bronchial asthma with obesity (A + O). 2 groups were formed: Group 1 – 43 patients with gynoid type obesity and Group 2 – 35 patients with android type obesity. An anthropometric study: the hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), the ratio of WC/HC, case history data analysis, Asthma Control Test (ACT). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), glycated hemoglobin test (HbAlc %), index HOMA-IR Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), respiratory function (RF) were examined. Results . It has been revealed the reliable increase in indices in the 2 nd group: HbAlc, HOMA-IR, TG, LDL, MCP-1 p < 0.05. It has been found the decreased levels of speed indices parameters – FEV1, FEF25, FEF75 and FVC, p < 0.05. It has been found a high correlation between age and the ratio of OT/OS (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). The positive correlation between the mean force MCP-1 and TG (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and MCP-1 and LDL (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) has been obtained. Correlation analysis of FDD and biochemical parameters: blood glucose (r = 0.26, p < 0.05), TG (r = 0.27, p < 0.051), the index NOMA-IR (r = 0.38, p <0.05), ACT (r = 0.33, p <0.05), MPC-1 (0.62, p < 0.05). Conclusions. The obtained data proves the negative impact of android type obesity on bronchial asthma course. Identified correlations between the EF and studied biochemical indicators demonstrate the carbohydrate and fat metabolism disturbances and inflammation development in patients with different types of obesity.

Impact of Brand Cues on Young Consumers’ Preference for Mobile Phones: A Conjoint Analysis and Simulation Modelling

There are multiple attributes and product features which influence youth and impact their purchase decisions. The companies are assiduously trying to tap young consumers but are unable to sustain their high growth and market share. The attributes or brand cues influencing youth can be broadly classified as extrinsic cues and intrinsic cues. Extrinsic cues are peripheral or external to the product such as price, brand image, store image, whereas intrinsic cues are independent, inherent and constitute the product’s physical characteristics such as mobile camera, size, colour etc. In the present study, extrinsic cues are brand name and price while camera, RAM, Android type and battery power are intrinsic cues. To recognize the role of brand cues, a sample of 417 respondents through judgement sampling is drawn. The impact of brand name, price and technology on brand equity is empirically examined by conjoint and simulation analysis to generate information regarding consumers’ preferences towards mobile phone. The salience of study put forth the measures of enhancing mobile brand equity among young consumers. The originality of present study articulates brand equity diverge across different age groups and the young consumers obsession to spend more on consumer durable products like mobile with their desirable intrinsic and extrinsic cues.

Selection of Appropriate Tools for Evaluating Obesity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have unique endocrine and metabolic characteristics, whereby the incidence and potentiality of obesity, as well as the accompanying risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, are significantly increased. Currently, BMI is widely used to diagnose and classify obesity. However, body fat is not accounted for in BMI calculations, and the missed diagnosis rate of obesity is nearly 50%. Since PCOS patients with normal weight are also characterised by a high content of fat or fat distribution of android type, some of these patients are often overlooked if an inappropriate diagnostic tool for obesity is selected, which affects the therapeutic effect. Herein, we have reviewed the mechanism and diagnostic methods of PCOS-related obesity and suggested that not only body weight and circumference alone, but also the body fat percentage and fat distribution, should be considered for the evaluation of obesity in PCOS patients.

The influence of adipose tissue location on postural control

A growing body of evidence suggests, that excessive body weight is inseparably connected with postural instability. In none of previous studies, body weight distribution has been considered as a factor, which may affect results of a static posturography. The purpose of the present study is to quantify some center of foot pressure (COP) characteristics in 40 obese women with android type of obesity (waist-to-hip ratio - WHR≥0.85, BMI: 37.5±5.4) and 40 obese women with gynoid type of obesity (WHR<0.85, BMI: 36.9±5.1). Variables of postural sway were acquired while subjects were standing quietly on a force plate with eyes open and closed. Both in the sagittal and frontal plane sway range, average velocity, and maximal velocity of COP were calculated. Moreover, the total average velocity and total maximal velocity of the COP displacement were computed.Women with abdominal obesity showed a larger sway range in the anterior-posterior plane with eyes open (p<0.0282) and eyes closed conditions (p<0.0115) and a greater maximal COP velocity to compare with subjects with gynoidal obese type (p<0.0112) with eyes closed condition.The postural stability in obese women from the biomechanical point of view is strongly dependent on body distribution. Women with the abdominal obesity type may be exposed to a greater risk of postural instability as compare to women with gynoid fat distribution.