Ancient Type Research Articles

Intra osseous schwannoma of inferior alveolar nerve with multilocular radiolucency crossing the midline: A case report

Schwanomma is a soft tissue tumor derived from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves system. Schwannoma of the oral and maxillofacial regions primarily appears in soft tissue with tongue being the common site. Schwannoma arising within the bone are rare and commonly involve the mandible compared to maxilla. In this article, we report a case of rare intra-osseous schwanomma crossing the midline, which presented as a multilocular lesion on radiograph, which is again very rarely seen. Chief complaint of the patient was swelling and pain. Panoramic Radiograph showed a solitary oval shaped radiolucency with corticated borders and scalloping. Biopsy report revealed connective tissue component comprising of hyalinized stroma and tumor cells with large number of siderophages and histiocytes suggesting intra osseous schwannoma. Surgical resection performed and histopathologically examined confirming intra osseous schwannoma of ancient type. The post-operative course of the patient was uneventful for 2 years.

Post-Translational Modification of Lamins: Mechanisms and Functions.

Lamins are the ancient type V intermediate filament proteins contributing to diverse biological functions, such as the maintenance of nuclear morphology, stabilization of chromatin architecture, regulation of cell cycle progression, regulation of spatial-temporal gene expressions, and transduction of mechano-signaling. Deregulation of lamins is associated with abnormal nuclear morphology and chromatin disorganization, leading to a variety of diseases such as laminopathy and premature aging, and might also play a role in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that lamins are functionally regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) including farnesylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and O-GlcNAcylation that affect protein stabilization and the association with chromatin or associated proteins. The mechanisms by which these PTMs are modified and the relevant functionality become increasingly appreciated as understanding of these changes provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the laminopathies concerned and novel strategies for the management. In this review, we discussed a range of lamin PTMs and their roles in both physiological and pathological processes, as well as potential therapeutic strategies by targeting lamin PTMs.

Composition Classification of Korea Ancient Glasses by Using Raman Spectroscopy

In this study, investigated the possibility of quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing Korean ancient glasses via Raman Spectroscopy. We subjected four categories of Korean traditional glasses, namely, lead-BaO, lead, potash, and soda glasses (3, 3, 10, and 10 pieces, respectively), to this analytical technique. The results showed significant differences between the stretching and bending Raman vibration regions corresponding to these different Korean ancient glass types. Specifically, the stretching vibration regions corresponding to lead-BaO and lead glasses showed peaks at 1040 and 1000 cm-1, respectively; the stretching vibration region of normal glass appears at 1100 cm-1. The bending vibration regions corresponding to potash and soda glass showed Raman peaks at 490 and 560 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of the lead and lead-BaO glasses showed red shifts, which depended on the amount of PbO present. Thus, our findings highlighted the possibility of quantitatively determining the amount of PbO, a major component of lead glasses, via Raman Spectroscopy.

История археологического изучения памятников раннего Средневековья в Центральном Казахстане

Within the framework of this article, the history of the archaeological study of the monuments of the early Middle Ages in Central Kazakhstan is considered. According to modern data, the studied structures belong to four cultural complexes, indicating ethno-cultural diversity. They have some differences both in architecture and in the elements of funeral rituals. For the ancient Turkic type of monuments, the presence of quadrangular fences packed with large stones is characteristic. The burials often contain the remains of the dead,equipped with a variety of implements, mostly of a militaristic nature, as well as anatomically solid skeletons of horses laid on their “belly” and oriented in a western direction. Animals are accompanied by harness items (stirrups, girth buckles, bits, etc.). The circle of Kypchak monuments, in addition to statuary objects, includes the so-called sanctuaries — usually they are quadrangular fences built with masonry, in the inner space in which anthropomorphic statues are installed. Kimak burials have been studied mainly in the northeast of the Central Kazakhstan region. They contain burials of people accompanied by horses laid on the step of the grave or their skins. The accompanying inventory is comparable to the ancient Turkic ones. At the moment,the only ancient Kyrgyz burial has been investigated at the Kyzyl-Enbek burial ground. It contained the cremated remains of the deceased, accompanied by bronze cauldrons, iron broadswords, spearheads and arrowheads, and elements of laminar armor. Despite the fact that in recent years the volume of work on early medieval monuments has been increasing, and also acquiring a systematic character, the accumulated materials are still few in number

Moving towards the social inclusion for street vendors in Tanzania: Current situation and perspectives

The street vending business is an ancient type of informal economy found everywhere in the developing world. Street vendors are essential because they create employment, livelihood, income, and distribute low-priced goods. However, despite their importance, street vendors are socially excluded from the mainstream economic structure hence becoming marginalized and victims of the law, policies and regulations. This research explores street vendors' social exclusion domains in Tanzania and investigates strategies for mitigating such exclusion. The study used qualitative data collected from street vendors, policymakers, and non-government organizations in the street vending business. The results show that street vendors are excluded in many domains, including legal, financial, participation in urban planning, taxation, and access to a business location. The study identified different strategies to bring the social inclusion of street vendors. The findings inform the ongoing debate on bringing the inclusion of the informal sector and making it responsive for economic growth and poverty reduction. The findings imply that, unless the root that causes social exclusion and discrimination are addressed, it will challenge to achieve street vendors' growth and poverty reduction.

Using Image Feature Extraction to Identification of Ancient Ceramics Based on Partial Differential Equation

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the image feature extraction technique for ancient ceramic identification using an algorithm of partial differential equations. Image features of ancient ceramics are closely related to specific raw material selection and process technology, and complete acquisition of image features of ancient ceramics is a prerequisite for achieving image feature identification of ancient ceramics, since the quality of extracted area-grown ancient ceramic image feature extraction method is closely related to the background pixels and does not have generalizability. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based extraction method, using Eased as a deep learning support platform, to extract and validate 5834 images of 272 types of ancient ceramics from kilns, celadon, and Yue kilns after manual labelling and training learning, and the results show that the average complete extraction rate is higher than 99%. The implementation of the deep learning method is summarized and compared with the traditional region growth extraction method, and the results show that the method is robust with the increase of the learning amount and has generalizability, which is a new method to effectively achieve the complete image feature extraction of ancient ceramics. The main content of the finite difference method is to use the ratio of the difference between the function values of two adjacent points and the distance between the two points to approximate the partial derivative of the function with respect to the variable. This idea was used to turn the problem of division into a problem of difference. Recognition of ancient ceramic image features was realized based on the extraction of the overall image features of ancient ceramics, the extraction and recognition of vessel type features, the quantitative recognition of multidimensional feature fusion ornamentation image features, and the implementation of deep learning based on inscription model recognition image feature classification recognition method; three-layer B/S architecture web application system and cross-platform system language called as the architectural support; and database services, deep learning packaging, and digital image processing. The specific implementation method is based on database service, deep learning encapsulation, digital image processing, and third-party invocation, and the service layer fusion and relearning mechanism is proposed to achieve the preliminary intelligent recognition system of ancient ceramic vessel type and ornament image features. The results of the validation test meet the expectation and verify the effectiveness of the ancient ceramic vessel type and ornament image feature recognition system.

Significance of the Diversification of Wheat Species for the Assembly and Functioning of the Root-Associated Microbiome.

Wheat, one of the major crops in the world, has had a complex history that includes genomic hybridizations between Triticum and Aegilops species and several domestication events, which resulted in various wild and domesticated species (especially Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum), many of them still existing today. The large body of information available on wheat-microbe interactions, however, was mostly obtained without considering the importance of wheat evolutionary history and its consequences for wheat microbial ecology. This review addresses our current understanding of the microbiome of wheat root and rhizosphere in light of the information available on pre- and post-domestication wheat history, including differences between wild and domesticated wheats, ancient and modern types of cultivars as well as individual cultivars within a given wheat species. This analysis highlighted two major trends. First, most data deal with the taxonomic diversity rather than the microbial functioning of root-associated wheat microbiota, with so far a bias toward bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi that will progressively attenuate thanks to the inclusion of markers encompassing other micro-eukaryotes and archaea. Second, the comparison of wheat genotypes has mostly focused on the comparison of T. aestivum cultivars, sometimes with little consideration for their particular genetic and physiological traits. It is expected that the development of current sequencing technologies will enable to revisit the diversity of the wheat microbiome. This will provide a renewed opportunity to better understand the significance of wheat evolutionary history, and also to obtain the baseline information needed to develop microbiome-based breeding strategies for sustainable wheat farming.

Data Mining-Based Research on the Prescriptions of Ancient Chinese Medicine Prescription Book Type Documents for Mouth Sores

Objective: To explore the prescription patterns of ancient Chinese medical literature on mouth sores and provide references and ideas for the treatment of mouth sores in Chinese medicine. METHODS: We searched the section of "Chinese Medical Canon" - "Formula Books" - "Comprehensive formula books", counted the prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria, and used the TCM transmission aid platform (V2.5) The Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed in terms of taste, meridian, frequency and clustering rules. RESULTS: 134 prescriptions were collected, involving 199 herbal medicines, and the drugs appearing ≥23 times in the order of licorice, scutellaria, asclepias, Huanglian, gardenia, rhubarb, maitong, and ginseng; there were 11 groups of drug combinations with frequencies ≥12 times; most of the bitter, sweet, and pungent herbs were used; the drug ascriptions were mainly in the stomach, spleen, and lung meridians; two groups of core combinations and one new prescription were deduced. CONCLUSION: This paper focuses on clearing heat and detoxifying toxins, tonifying the spleen and benefiting Qi, while protecting the spleen and stomach at the same time.

ЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРИКРАС В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ: ВІД НАЙДАВНІШИХ ЧАСІВ ДО ВОЄННИХ РЕАЛІЙ СЬОГОДЕННЯ

The aim of the article is to describe the significance of jewelry in Ukrainian culture at various stages of human development. The research focuses on the study of the semantics of the elements of human body decoration and clothing, their features and functional differences over the centuries. Attention is focused on the fact that Ukrainian jewelry is a special and very ancient type of decorative and applied art. His images, convenient utilitarian forms and dynamic motifs of the ornament contain symbols of nature, historical motifs, peculiarities of everyday life and worldview of the Ukrainian people. The original decorations were body tattoos and various amulets. The art of body decoration was known already in ancient times. The history of jewelry originates from the sources of human history. The need to decorate the body is clearly expressed in primitive peoples, even more than the need for clothes. Since ancient times, decorations performed other important tasks in parallel with the aesthetic function. First: they were a charm, an amulet, a talisman. Secondly: they fastened, fixed clothes, shoes, belts, decorated hair. Each era created its own jewelry not only from the point of view of style, but also from the point of view of material, technique and method of processing. The art of the most ancient times incorporates various functions: ritual-magical, practicalcognitive, symbolic-communicative. Peculiarities of ancient culture are syncretism, the absence of a clear boundary between the artistic and life-practical spheres of human activity. Syncretism is also expressed in the absence of a clear genre-species structure. In the study, an attempt was made to analyze the importance of jewelry in the life of modern Ukrainians, to trace the change in priorities of Ukrainians in peacetime and wartime.

Использование адаптивного потенциала растений в создании сортов из древних видов пшениц

The object of research was the ancient types of wheat: winter spelled and naked spring spelled. On the basis of ancient types of wheat, the country's only winter spelled variety Alkoran, as well as the world's only naked spelled variety Gremme 2U, have been created. Varieties are adaptive, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors of a certain region. They form a sufficient yield with high biochemical and fairly satisfactory physical and chemical indicators of grain, are characterized by absolute immunity to powdery mildew, rust types and enzyme-mycosis depletion of seeds. Due to the high content of protein, essential fatty acids, fiber, minerals, antioxidants, the grain of ancient wheat can serve as a valuable raw material for improving the technologies for the production of food products for dietary and therapeutic purposes, which is especially important for strengthening immunity.

Confessional Style of the Ukrainian Language

The scientific work presents the practical possibilities of stylistics in the development of the confessional variety of the Ukrainian language, covering its diachronic and synchronic planes of study. The authors raise the question of the classification of the confessional style, outline its problems, and to demonstrate the patterns of speech that highlight the characteristic features of this stylistic variety. The areas of use, the dynamics of development, the limits of influence, and the popularity of the style are considered; lexico-stylistic units are listed as an illustrative example. The temporal dimension encompassed by the style begins during paganism in the Ukrainian lands and continues into the present time. Accordingly, the style is recognized as the most ancient type of language known to linguistics. The stylistic system of the Ukrainian language includes seven styles: colloquial/everyday, formal official business, journalistic, artistic, scientific, epistolary, and confessional. The last became the object of thorough research only since the independence of Ukraine. It is worth remembering, however, the legacy of Vasyl Nimchuk, who noted the lexico-semantic and stylistic parameters of the Ukrainian language at the turn of the 17th century through the prism of his confessionalism.1 In connection with the freedoms of speech and religion proclaimed in Article 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine, every citizen can visit and profess any denomination, solidifying the rights of every Ukrainian to faith, thereby consolidating the position of the sacred style of the Ukrainian language and providing opportunities for its free use. The sublimity of the style creates a certain sacred harmony which is not possessed by any other known style of the Ukrainian language. It is noticed that the sacred language laid the foundation for the flourishing of both its own and other varieties of Ukrainian speech, setting the tone for the formation of other styles.

Study on protective measures against diseases of almonds caused by fungi: A case study in Tashkent region of Uzbekistan

Among the fruit trees, almond has a special place and is an ancient and traditional type of fruit crop for many countries of the world. Leading research centers around the world have conducted research to study the prevalence, development, damage, and control measures of the almond tree fungi Stigmina carpophila and Monilinia cinerea, which cause widespread perforated spot and moniliosis burns. As a result, it was possible to preserve the almond crop lost under the influence of these diseases. Even today, research aimed at developing effective measures to control the fungal diseases of the almond tree remains relevant.

Is Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) a Better Choice than Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Wheat Quality Estimation for Sustainable Agriculture Using Vision-Based Digital Image Analysis

Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, promoted by organic farming. Although the number of comparative studies about modern and ancient types of wheats is increasing, there are still some knowledge gaps about the nutritional and health benefit differences between ancient and modern bread wheats. The aim of the present study was to compare ancient, traditional and modern wheat cultivars—including a field study and a laboratory stress experiment using vision-based digital image analysis—and to assess the feasibility of imaging techniques. Our study shows that modern winter wheat had better yield and grain quality compared to einkorn wheats, but the latter were not far behind; thus the cultivation of various species could provide a diverse and sustainable agriculture which contributes to higher agrobiodiversity. The results also demonstrate that digital image analysis could be a viable alternate method for the real-time estimation of aboveground biomass and for predicting yield and grain quality parameters. Digital area outperformed other digital variables in biomass prediction in relation to drought stress, but height and Feret’s diameter better correlated with yield and grain quality parameters. Based on these results we suggest that the combination of various vision-based methods could improve the performance estimation of modern and ancient types of wheat in a non-destructive and real-time manner.

Hydrological and thermodynamic controls on late Holocene gypsum formation by mixing saline groundwater and Dead Sea brine

The rapid retreat of the Dead Sea during the past four decades led to the exposure of unique structures of massive gypsum along the shores. Many of these structures (having the shape of mounds) are associated with the activity of Ein Qedem-type saline springs that currently discharge Ca-chloride brine to the lake. Field observations, radiocarbon dating of aragonite (within the gypsum mounds) that yield ancient ages, and the narrow range of δ34S and δ18O values (δ34Sgyp: 14.1–16.9‰; δ18Ogyp: 14.4–16.5‰) indicates that the formation of the gypsum structures is related to the mixing of brines: the Dead Sea brine and ancient (last glacial) Ein Qedem type brine. These are Ca-chloride brines having different salinities and sulfur concentrations that satisfy conditions of an outsalting process whereby supersaturation of gypsum is attained by the mixing of these two brines in the offshore shallow water environment.Thermodynamic calculations (using the PHREEQC software) show that gypsum outsalting occurred when both brines were enriched with sulfate as compared to the present. The Ein-Qedem brine had higher sulfate when subjected to less intensive bacterial sulfate reduction. The Dead Sea was characterized by higher sulfate concentrations during intervals of low lake stands. The conditions of higher sulfate concentrations and enhanced discharge of the saline springs occurred repeatedly in the Dead Sea between ∼6.6 to 0.6 ka and were intermittent with periods of enhanced supply of sulfate to the lake by freshwaters.

Чоловічий народний одяг гуцулів Закарпаття ХІХ – першої половини ХХ століття

The author, based on processed literature, archival and field ethnographic materials, as well as fund collections of Transcarpathian museum, conducts, in his article, a comprehensive analysis of components of the traditional male folk clothing of Transcarpathian Hutsuls in the XIXth through to the first half of the XXth century. In Transcarpathia, Hutsuls have lived compactly within Rakhiv District. According to characteristic features of the Hutsuls’ national costume, four local-territorial centres of Rakhiv District’s Hutsuls can be distinguished: Yasinia, Bohdan, Rakhiv, and Velykyi Bychkiv ones. The paper describes in detail the process of cutting male shirts in the region under study: the condition of shirts, neckbands, and sleeves. The author pays a special attention to embellishing shirts with embroidery. The latter’s evolution can be traced in replacing white hemp threads with black, red or blue ones, and later – in the transition to polychromy. Male shirts were dominated by geometric patterns, and since the late XIXth to early XXth centuries, stylized plant motifs combined with geometric ones had begun to spread. Ancient types of Hutsul male waist clothes were red cloth trousers, as well as narrow leather and woven woolen belts. They were an ethnographically distinguishing trait. Cloth red trousers within Transcarpathia were worn solely by Rakhiv District’s Hutsuls. Their distinctive feature was the embellishment of the connecting side seams with decorative whipstitching strips with dark orange, green and goldish threads. Among the components of Transcarpathian Hutsul male attire stood out headdresses, in particular nuptial hats, which were decorated with wreaths of flowers. In Transcarpathia, only the Rakhivshchyna Hutsuls had shlyk – a variety of hibernal fur headdresses. A real Hutsul cannot be imagined as well without such components additional to folk costumes as various bags, axes, and pipes.

POU4F3 pioneer activity enables ATOH1 to drive diverse mechanoreceptor differentiation through a feed-forward epigenetic mechanism

During embryonic development, hierarchical cascades of transcription factors interact with lineage-specific chromatin structures to control the sequential steps in the differentiation of specialized cell types. While examples of transcription factor cascades have been well documented, the mechanisms underlying developmental changes in accessibility of cell type-specific enhancers remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcriptional "master regulator" ATOH1-which is necessary for the differentiation of two distinct mechanoreceptor cell types, hair cells in the inner ear and Merkel cells of the epidermis-is unable to access much of its target enhancer network in the progenitor populations of either cell type when it first appears, imposing a block to further differentiation. This block is overcome by a feed-forward mechanism in which ATOH1 first stimulates expression of POU4F3, which subsequently acts as a pioneer factor to provide access to closed ATOH1 enhancers, allowing hair cell and Merkel cell differentiation to proceed. Our analysis also indicates the presence of both shared and divergent ATOH1/POU4F3-dependent enhancer networks in hair cells and Merkel cells. These cells share a deep developmental lineage relationship, deriving from their common epidermal origin, and suggesting that this feed-forward mechanism preceded the evolutionary divergence of these very different mechanoreceptive cell types.

تصنيفات لأنماط فخار ممالک/ دويلات المدن اليمنية القديمة: دراسة مقارنة

الملخص:تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية بعض التصنيفات لأنماط الفخار اليمني القديم خلال الفترة من القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد إلى القرن الرابع الميلادي، وتطبيقها على بعض نماذج من الأنماط الفخارية التي جاء ذکرها من خلال الدراسات التحليلية وبعثات التنقيب، والتي اعتمد عليها أصحاب تلک الدراسات والبعثات في توثيق ودراسة الفخار. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى عقد مقارنة بين تلک التصنيفات، وإبراز مدى أهمية عمل الدراسات التحليلية من العلوم الطبيعية على بعض العينات الفخارية، والتي قد تؤدي إلى الوصول إلى نتائج مختلفة وجديدة منها على سبيل المثال النوع 4100 – الجرة 1 من تصنيف فان بيک الذي اعتقد أنه نمط مستورد من مملکة دعمت بعد فحص عينه منه، لکن بعد مزيد من الفحص واستخدام تقنيات جديدة ثبت محلية صناعة هذا النمط. تبرز هذه الدراسة مشاکل تعدد التصنيفات وعدم تطابق معظمها مع کل سمات وأنماط الفخار المکتشف بمواقع التنقيب، مما يؤدي إلى ظهور تصنيفات أخرى جديدة تضم الأنماط المکتشفة بمواقع الحفر. بالتالي کان لما سبق أثر سلبي في حصر کل أنماط الفخار اليمني القديم وزخارفه، مما يؤدي إلى نقص المعلومات التاريخية والحضارية وغيرها وعدم اتضاح الرؤية کاملة عن الحضارة اليمنية القديمة وأصحابها. لذا سترکز هذه الورقة البحثية على عرض بعض من تلک التصنيفات الهامة والتي تم الاعتماد عليها في مواقع التنقيب لتوثيق الفخار المکتشف والمقارنة بينهما، وکذلک عرضها مع بعض الأنماط الفخارية من تلک المواقع لإيضاح مدى فاعلية التصنيف في توثيق الفخار وسماته ومدى فاعليته في مواقع التنقيب المختلفة. Classifications of Pottery Types of the Ancient Kingdoms/ City-states of Yemen: a Comparative Study Abstract:This paper reviews some of the classifications of ancient Yemen pottery types from the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. It also applies these classifications to some examples of pottery mentioned in the analytical studies and reports of the archaeological missions. This study aims to compare these classifications and highlight the importance of applying archaeometrical analysis on some pottery samples, which may lead to different and new results such as type 4100 – Jar 1 of Van Beek classification, which was thought to be imported from Dʿmit kingdom based on sample analysis of this type, After further examination and the use of new techniques; its local production was proved. Through this study, problems of multiple classifications and the incosistency of most of them are evident with all the features and types of pottery discovered at the excavation sites, leading to new classifications, including more new types discovered at the excavation sites. This had a negative effect on including all the types of ancient Yemen pottery and decorations, leading to a lack of historical, cultural, and other information and a lack of clarity about the complete picture of ancient Yemen civilization and its people. Therefore, this paper will focus on presenting and comparing some of these important classifications that have been adopted at excavation sites, displaying them with some pottery types from those sites and the extent to which the classification matches the pottery discovered in different sites.

Кузнечное ремесло в Дагестане (XIX – начало ХХ в.)

The article is devoted to one of the ancient types of crafts of the peoples of Dagestan – blacksmithing. The object of this study is blacksmith production of the peoples of Dagestan. The subject of the study is the technological process of metal manufacture and processing. The chronological framework of the study covers the XIX – early XX centuries. – a period of intensive development of metalworking in the mountains and the widespread distribution in the lowland part of Dagestan of iron agricultural tools supplied from Russian cities. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the principle of historicism, historical reconstruction and historical and comparative methods. Within the framework of this study, the following tasks were set: to trace the development of blacksmith craft among the peoples of Dagestan; show the process of metal production; identify the main metalworking centres; present the assortment of manufactured metal products. Their decision will allow to reconstruct the blacksmith craft in Dagestan in the XIX – early XX centuries. The study showed that blacksmith production was most widespread in the mountains, this was facilitated by low land, redundancy of workers, availability of raw materials, inaccessibility of settlements, distance from large shopping centers where imported metal could be purchased. There were no distinctive features in the process of mining iron ore, smelting and manufacturing agricultural tools from metal, it went the same everywhere, but Harbuk was the recognized center of metalworking. The article will fill the gaps in the study of crafts and crafts of the peoples of Dagestan, in particular blacksmith. Against the background of globalization processes, when traditional crafts and crafts are on the verge of extinction, the study of metalworking traditions among the peoples of Dagestan is of great scientific and practical importance.

Korkyt ata and shamanic values

This article examines shamanism as an ancient religion and reveals the secrets of the faith healer shaman, who owns all magical rituals andinfluence of shamanic music and the special nature of kobyz sounds. The connection between ancient forms and meanings included in the anthropomorphic structure of the kobyz structure considers in sacred form. The etymological aspects of the concepts of shaman and kobyz are revealed, preserving the linguistic and semantic features of the worldview of the Kazakh people. The paper’s findings support a dissociative continuum that includes not only dissociation, but also integrity in relation to spirituality and expanded consciousness. We consider Korkyt Ata as a shaman, and evidence for this is his kobyz that holds Korkyt Ata. The main idea of the legends about Korkyt Ata rely on the idea of shamans, the idea of shamanism in general. The most ancient types of creators and keepers of Kazakh folklore by genesis are shamans. The article uses methods such as generalization, description, analysis, generalization and interpretation. Key words: culture, culture text, symbol, value, cultural-semiotic construction.

The ‘Ark Re-Imagined’

The ‘Ark Re-Imagined’ is an art project that envisions a Mesopotamian ark based on Iraq’s ancient boat types and vernacular architectural forms. Through exploring and documenting what remains of traditional boatbuilding techniques and related crafts in today’s Iraq, the project breaks new ground in the study of Mesopotamian maritime heritage. Engaging at the intersection between art, cultural heritage, ecology and development, the project’s ‘expeditionary art’ approach seeks tangible means to reconnect with the land and rivers through a palette of making techniques and aesthetic forms that have persisted in the region for many millennia. It holds global relevance through its imaginal engagement with the present situation of systemic crisis and potential transformation, drawing parallels between the current climate emergency and that of the Great Flood, and asking what kinds of knowledge, resources and practices an ark for our times needs to preserve.