Кузнечное ремесло в Дагестане (XIX – начало ХХ в.)

Abstract

The article is devoted to one of the ancient types of crafts of the peoples of Dagestan – blacksmithing. The object of this study is blacksmith production of the peoples of Dagestan. The subject of the study is the technological process of metal manufacture and processing. The chronological framework of the study covers the XIX – early XX centuries. – a period of intensive development of metalworking in the mountains and the widespread distribution in the lowland part of Dagestan of iron agricultural tools supplied from Russian cities. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the principle of historicism, historical reconstruction and historical and comparative methods. Within the framework of this study, the following tasks were set: to trace the development of blacksmith craft among the peoples of Dagestan; show the process of metal production; identify the main metalworking centres; present the assortment of manufactured metal products. Their decision will allow to reconstruct the blacksmith craft in Dagestan in the XIX – early XX centuries. The study showed that blacksmith production was most widespread in the mountains, this was facilitated by low land, redundancy of workers, availability of raw materials, inaccessibility of settlements, distance from large shopping centers where imported metal could be purchased. There were no distinctive features in the process of mining iron ore, smelting and manufacturing agricultural tools from metal, it went the same everywhere, but Harbuk was the recognized center of metalworking. The article will fill the gaps in the study of crafts and crafts of the peoples of Dagestan, in particular blacksmith. Against the background of globalization processes, when traditional crafts and crafts are on the verge of extinction, the study of metalworking traditions among the peoples of Dagestan is of great scientific and practical importance.