Expert Analysis Research Articles

Assessing Educational Quality: Comparative Analysis of Crowdsourced, Expert, and AI-Driven Rubric Applications

Exposing students to low-quality assessments such as multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and short answer questions (SAQs) is detrimental to their learning, making it essential to accurately evaluate these assessments. Existing evaluation methods are often challenging to scale and fail to consider their pedagogical value within course materials. Online crowds offer a scalable and cost-effective source of intelligence, but often lack necessary domain expertise. Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer automation and scalability, but may also lack precise domain knowledge. To explore these trade-offs, we compare the effectiveness and reliability of crowdsourced and LLM-based methods for assessing the quality of 30 MCQs and SAQs across six educational domains using two standardized evaluation rubrics. We analyzed the performance of 84 crowdworkers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Prolific, comparing their quality evaluations to those made by the three LLMs: GPT-4, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3 Opus. We found that crowdworkers on Prolific consistently delivered the highest-quality assessments, and GPT-4 emerged as the most effective LLM for this task. Our study reveals that while traditional crowdsourced methods often yield more accurate assessments, LLMs can match this accuracy in specific evaluative criteria. These results provide evidence for a hybrid approach to educational content evaluation, integrating the scalability of AI with the nuanced judgment of humans. We offer feasibility considerations in using AI to supplement human judgment in educational assessment.

An approach for urban agglomerations integration evaluation based on multivariate big data: case of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration

ABSTRACT The Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) is a link of economic development to connect the eastern part and western part in China. Current research on urban agglomeration integration mainly uses urban properties’ data. This paper conducts an evaluation method for urban agglomeration integration based on multivariate big data. This method mainly applies eigenvector centrality to assess the integrated situation of the CPUA from four dimensions (internet connection, industrial economy, public service and coordinated governance). The data of this research mainly includes cell phone signaling data, Baidu index, industrial investment data and statistical data for planning. The main innovations and contributions of this research is that (i) on the theoretical aspect, this research proposed an index indicator evaluation system for integration of urban agglomerations based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert rating. It contributes for the further development of regional integration and other related theories; (ii) on the practical aspect, this study, taking the CPUA as example, presents an assessment approach that uses multivariate big data to measure the current integrated situation of urban agglomeration. This method provides decision-making support for the development of urban agglomeration integration.

Sustainability Communication in Higher Education Institutions: Scale Development and Validation Study

This article aims to develop and validate the Sustainability Communication Scale in higher education institutions. An eight-step process proposed by DeVellis (2022) was applied to develop the scale, which consists of 32 items capable of measuring the level of sustainability communication in Turkish universities. A total of 1291 participants, comprising 109 academics and 1182 students, participated in the study. Expert opinion analysis, KMO and Barlett tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and partial correlation analyses were all used to check the scale's validity and reliability. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method, the scale consists of 4 factors: environmental sustainability communication, social sustainability communication, economic sustainability communication, and sustainability of communication. The general structure and measurement of the scale have been validated by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency coefficient found using Cronbach's alpha was .769; internal consistency coefficients found using composite reliability were .875(F1), .888 (F2), .866(F3), .882(F4). The findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Assessment of the effectiveness of management at the regional level based on the analysis of the activities of authorities

Relevance. The problem of effective management of regional development is becoming more and more urgent due to the emergence of new conditions (obstacles) of functioning, which pose the task of creating programs for the most effective management of subjects to the regions of Russia and executive authorities. It is important to note the choice of the subject: the Kursk region is an important region of the Central Federal District due to its potential and geographical location.The subject has a specialization in important sectors of the entire Russian economy, but at the same time may face inefficient management, which will cause a decline in the regional economy. The purpose is to assess the effectiveness of management of an economic entity on the example of the Kursk region by analyzing the activities of executive authorities.Objectives: to establish the parameters of effective management; to study regional policy as a means of increasing the effectiveness of regional development; to study methods for assessing the effectiveness of regional development through the prism of actions of public authorities; to compare the economic structures of the Kursk region and neighboring regions of the region using specific methodologies; to identify the main problems in the development of the Kursk region.Methodology. To carry out the research, methods of system analysis and synthesis, statistical data processing, as well as comparative and expert analysis are used. The results of the study include an analysis of the effectiveness of regional policy in the Kursk region and the identification of the main problems in the activities of government agencies that affect the economic growth of the subject.Conclusions. The Kursk Region is an ambiguous region regarding the quality of regional economic management. Studying the state support of subjects, their management by authorities, we can say that in the field of ecology and industrial development, the state supports the region sufficiently, since these areas are specialized in the region, which cannot be said about other areas. Despite the weak development of other industries, the state needs to provide significant support to such specialized sectors as agriculture and industry.

Application Performance Management in Software Development

This study investigates the crucial function of Application Performance Management (APM) in software development, emphasizing how it affects teamwork, user pleasure, and application quality. Successful APM procedures are now necessary to guarantee the best possible application performance in a competitive environment as businesses depend increasingly on digital solutions. Examining how APM is changing and how it affects software development processes is the main goal of this research. The study's objectives are to evaluate the efficacy of APM methods, uncover important themes, and point out areas that require more investigation. The main issue addressed is the lack of knowledge on the long-term effects of APM on business results and the difficulties that businesses encounter when implementing APM methods. The approach used in this study is qualitative and is based on secondary data collected from industry reports, expert analyses, and existing literature. The main conclusions show that APM is included in DevOps procedures, proactive monitoring is becoming more prevalent, and user-centric metrics are prioritized. Nonetheless, there are still issues with tool selection and use. One of the limitations of this study is using secondary data, which might not fully represent the subtleties of APM practices. The practical implications emphasize the value of implementing cutting-edge monitoring systems and encouraging teamwork. In contrast, the theoretical implications point to the necessity for additional study into the long-term impacts of APM.

A Deep Cascade Architecture for Stroke Lesion Segmentation and Synthetic Parametric Map Generation over CT St

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Immediate attention and diagnosis play a crucial role in patient prognosis. Nowadays, computed tomography (CT) is the most utilized diagnostic imaging for early analysis and lesion stroke detection. Nonetheless, acute lesions are not visible on CT, and it is only possible to use this modality in screening analysis, discarding other neurological affectations. Expert radiologists can observe stroke lesions in advanced stages (subacute and chronic), as hypodense regions, but with limited sensibility and remarked subject variability. Computational strategies have been addressed to support lesion segmentation, following deep autoencoders and multimodal inputs. However, these strategies remain limited due to the high variability in the appearance and geometry of stroke lesions. This work introduces a novel deep representation that uses multimodal inputs from CT studies and parametric maps, computed from perfusion (CTP), to retrieve stroke lesions. The architecture follows an autoencoder deep representation, that forces attention on the geometry of stroke through additive cross-attention modules. Besides, a cascade train is herein proposed to generate synthetic perfusion maps that complement multimodal inputs and help with stroke lesion refinement at each stage of processing. The proposed approach brings saliency maps that support observational expert analysis, about lesion localization, but also lead with automatic shape estimation of the stroke. The proposed approach was validated on the ISLES 2018 public dataset with a total of 92 studies that include the annotation of an expert radiologist. The proposed approach achieves a Dice score of 0.66 and a precision of 0.67, outperforming classical autoencoder approximations.

Requesting a Colleague’s Independent Opinion at Work

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a multimodal conversation analytic approach to an epistemic action, requesting an opinion. It shows how it is performed in a professional context in which the production, distribution and verification of knowledge are fundamental and involve the workplace’s ecology and materiality. Contrary to other settings in which opinions have been described, requesting the opinion of a colleague does not mobilize personal subjective thoughts but rather an expert analysis. The study contributes to an approach of epistemic actions that considers not only the formatting of turns but also the multimodal organization of the performed actions and their embeddedness in a context in which knowledge is at stake. The paper is based on video recordings made in a forensic laboratory in Brazil, a work site in which requesting opinions is crucial within the organization of the ongoing activities. Describing the methodical organization of requesting an independent opinion of a peer in this professional setting, the paper also offers a first characterization of teamwork in the forensic laboratory. Data come from 50 h of video recordings, with participants speaking Brazilian Portuguese.

Assessing Preregistration Deviations: A Comparative Analysis of Psychologists and Open Science Experts

ABSTRACTUndisclosed deviations between preregistration plans and published articles challenge research transparency. This study examines whether open science experts can aid in assessing such deviations by comparing their evaluations with those of psychology experts. Using content analysis, we compared assessments of 25 preregistration plans and articles, following a psychologist studying preregistration discrepancies framework. The 72.6% agreement rate suggests differences stemmed from distinct perspectives. Psychologists leveraged domain knowledge to scrutinize subtle inconsistencies, while open science experts, deeply committed to transparency principles, focused more on procedural adherence. Open science experts, unfamiliar with psychology's implicit norms, faced challenges in discerning field‐specific knowledge and interpreting ambiguities as non‐deviations due to unclear preregistration formats and ambiguous content. Targeted support and collaborative approaches engaging both expert groups could enhance preregistration adherence evaluations, balancing the open science experts' emphasis on transparent processes with the psychologists' domain expertise, ultimately strengthening research transparency and reproducibility.

Leveraging an equity birth plan as a communication tool to address health equity and improve health outcomes in black birthing people

ABSTRACT Background Black birthing people in the United States are disproportionately impacted by maternal mortality and more frequently report physical and verbal mistreatment during intrapartum care. Birth plans for prenatal and postpartum care promote autonomy and agency but have not been used as tools to address disparities in perinatal care. Methods We reviewed the literature on the use of birth plans and communication in the pregnancy care setting. We provide an expert analysis and a recommendation for a comprehensive birth plan that incorporates patient preferences and individualizes patient risks as a communication tool. Results In this expert opinion we outline how an equity birth plan can address social determinants of health, promote respectful communication and prioritize attention to patient narratives. This instrument can be used to address systemic problems that result in health inequities on a community, provider and institutional level. Conclusions A birth plan with attention to equity serves as a new paradigm for care which can empower patients and reduce racial inequities in perinatal and postpartum outcomes.

Transdermal Proparacaine: A Promising Alternative in Neuropathic Pain Management

Chronic pain is a complex, often debilitating condition which affects not only the physical body, but also the emotional, social, psychological aspects of the mind. Unfortunately, current oral therapies are not only lacking in efficacy, but also come with troublesome side effects and the risk of adverse events. In an effort to improve the availability of analgesics which provide equivalent efficacy without the need for oral dosing, researchers turn to topical administration. In this review, clinical data was collected to provide expert analysis of the potential utility of transdermal proparacaine in the symptomatic management of chronic pain.

THE ENHANCEMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ACADEMIC WRITING IN ENGLISH LESSONS

The article delves into the significance of higher-order thinking skills in the context of academic writing, exploring various methodologies aimed at enhancing students' competencies in this area. It emphasizes the role of critical thinking, which is a key component of interdisciplinary knowledge as per Bloom's taxonomy strategy, encompassing the stages of remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The study's main purpose is to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of academic writing in the development of student's critical thinking skills. Accordingly, the research seeks to investigate and nurture students' critical thinking skills through academic writing. It demonstrates that students can effectively acquire critical thinking skills through specially structured educational activities in a phased learning approach. The study utilized a mixed-method design, collecting data through observation, written documents, and online surveys. The data obtained from these sources were then analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of the research reveal various stages of teaching critical thinking, facilitated by the instructor's efforts to actively engage students in the learning process. Based on the results of theoretical and expert analysis, the quantitative and qualitative data were compared and illustrated positive growth in learners’ academic writing skills. The processed-based approach was determined as a means of successful learning methodology in the development of higher-order thinking skills. The study also highlights the importance of well-designed writing assignments and group activities in encouraging students to revisit concepts, critically evaluate assumptions, and make substantial revisions to their written work.

Modernisation of the personnel management system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the ongoing military conflict with Russia

Considering the ongoing military conflict with the Russian Federation, the modernisation of the personnel management system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is of utmost significance. Effective training of new officers is becoming a strategic task to strengthen the country’s defence capability and ensure its national security. The purpose of this research is to thoroughly analyse and justify ways to modernise the personnel management system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the current military conflict, with a focus on improving the education and training of the new generation of officers. The research is based on a statistical analysis of data obtained through expert analysis and a survey of highly qualified professionals. The analysis demonstrated that the existing personnel management system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires significant modifications to respond to the current challenges of military operations. In particular, there is a need to introduce advanced teaching methods and use modern technologies in the training of officers. In addition, it is essential to improve the organisational structures that provide training for officers. It includes revision of programmes, adaptation to modern conflicts and implementation of international standards of military training. In addition, the psychological and social aspects of the design and development of the officer corps should be considered to ensure its stability and productivity in the long term. A special emphasis is placed on the need to introduce international experience and cooperation with partner countries, which may include the exchange of experience, and joint exercises and training programmes. The results obtained are essential for the development and implementation of strategic plans for the modernisation of the personnel management system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which will help to increase the effectiveness of military activities and strengthen the country’s defence capabilities in the face of ever-growing security threats.

PROBLEMS OF JUDICIAL ACTS REVIEW IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The work is devoted to studying the problems of reviewing court decisions of lower courts by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article examines the control of higher courts over lower courts' activities in the system to ensure the rule of law in case consideration and decision-making. The procedure of reviewing judicial decisions by a higher court that have become effective and those that are not effective in the order of cassation and supervisory review, as well as representations of the President of the Supreme Court, and protests of the Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan, are investigated. Problems of citizens' implementation of their constitutional rights to judicial protection and appeals against court decisions are highlighted. The grounds for reviewing judicial acts that have entered into force, the range of subjects entitled to apply for review, criteria for the admissibility of appealing judicial acts as well as procedure for preliminary consideration of complaints and protest by a judge alone is shown. The analysis of these issues allows us to conclude that the current grounds and procedure for reviewing judicial decisions of the appeal and cassation courts based on the submissions of the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General of the Republic of Kazakhstan firstly hinder the realization of citizens' constitutional right to judicial protection, including the right to appeal against judicial decisions, and secondly prevent the formation of consistency in judicial practice. The lack of guidance to lower courts on reviewing judicial decisions by way of cassation and supervision has once again convinced courts of their inability to achieve consistency in the interpretation and application of law, as well as failure to contribute effectively to citizens' exercise of the right to justice. The paper provides a critical analysis of judges, lawyers, and legal experts on the current process for the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan to review appeals and cassation court decisions. At the end of the paper, the author draws conclusions and makes suggestions regarding the enhancement of the constitutional right to judicial protection and uniformity in court practice.

CURRENT ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF THE «102 (112)» SERVICE

The work deals with current issues of information provision of the National Police based on a retrospective analysis of literary sources. The use of information technologies in the National Police of Ukraine is a critically important step for increasing the efficiency and transparency of police activities. It can also be added that these technologies ensure the efficiency, speed and completeness of the work of law enforcement agencies. The methodological basis of scientific work is a system of general scientific and special methods of analysis: systematization and generalization (definition of the main categories, their relationship, formation of conclusions and proposals); monographic and system-structural analysis; assessment and situational; graphic (visualization of theoretical research results); factor analysis; expert and tabular analyses. The object of the research is modern digital call-centers on the example of Call Way and AVAYA, as a component of the information support of the national police in the services of the «102» and «112» lines. The subject of the research is the theoretical, scientific and methodological provisions and applied aspects of effective formation of the work of emergency services, information support of the national police in the services of the «102» and «112» lines. It was found that the use of modern digital technologies can significantly increase the efficiency and quality of service to citizens in emergency situations. Modern digital call centers were analyzed by the evaluation-situational method using the example of Call Way and AVAYA. Prospective directions for the development of the automation of the «102 (112)» service have been determined, namely the introduction of voice recognition; use of artificial intelligence (AI); expansion of communication channels; introduction of video calls; data analysis for forecasting; integration with other security systems; application of augmented reality (AR); ensuring mobility; reliability and data protection; creation of interactive instructions, which will become a perspective for further research in this direction.

App-Based Volleyball Scoreboard Performance Evaluation

Study purpose. This research aims to develop and evaluate an application-based volleyball scoreboard game device designed to facilitate the process of recording and managing scores in real time. Materials and methods. This research uses the R&D development method which aims to develop a device-based volleyball game scoreboard application. This research involved 3 IT experts, 5 referees who acted as evaluators of the initial product that had been developed. In addition, there were 5 samples in the small-scale test and 30 samples in the large-scale test. Results. The results of the analysis of the development of application-based volleyball scoreboard game devices by conducting feasibility / justification tests involving economic, technical, business and environmental aspects by refereeing experts, which obtained an average value of 91.60%, where the value was included in the very good category. While the results of the analysis of IT experts obtained an average value of 90.89%, where the value is included in the very good category. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the media development of the application-based volleyball scoreboard game device through a small scale test, which obtained an average value of 92.63%, which means it can be concluded that the development model of the application-based volleyball scoreboard game device that has been developed can be implemented/applied with a very good category. Meanwhile, the results of the large-scale test or broad-scale test obtained an average value of 90.94%, which means it can be concluded that the development model of the application-based volleyball scoreboard game device that has been developed is in the excellent category. Conclusion. In conclusion, this application-based volleyball scoreboard game device can be an effective solution to overcome the obstacles of manual score recording, while improving the quality of organising volleyball matches

Female entrepreneurial support requirements: post pandemic ecosystems in India

PurposeThe corona virus outbreak has affected the entrepreneurial ecosystem adversely. This in particular has impacted on females. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of females under post-COVID adverse conditions.Design/methodology/approachA total of 340 articles were screened applying the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method. The EI of individuals undertaking different professional courses from three top National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) government institutes were then analyzed. In the expert analysis, the nominal group technique (NGT) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to identify and rank the crucial factors. Subsequently, in the exploratory analysis, a 19-item questionnaire was framed. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.FindingsResilience, entrepreneurial education, self-concept and self-efficacy, social influence and opportunity perception were identified as critical indicators. Resilience was identified as the most significant factor. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that all the factors except social influence had significant effect on the EI of females.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses primarily on factors affecting females in India. As ecosystems and support vary by region and country, the authors suggest that this study be replicated in different regions/countries in the future.Practical implicationsThe potential entrepreneurs can use this study's reference to identify the abilities they need. The government and academic institutions can have skill/training programs to enhance the effect of important factors identified in the study.Originality/valueWhile there is growing research of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial marketing post-pandemic, there are a lack of Indian studies and female entrepreneurship studies.

Good Intentions, Risky Inventions: A Method for Assessing the Risks and Benefits of AI in Mobile and Wearable Uses

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into mobile and wearables offers numerous benefits at individual, societal, and environmental levels. Yet, it also spotlights concerns over emerging risks. Traditional assessments of risks and benefits have been sporadic, and often require costly expert analysis. We developed a semi-automatic method that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify AI uses in mobile and wearables, classify their risks based on the EU AI Act, and determine their benefits that align with globally recognized long-term sustainable development goals; a manual validation of our method by two experts in mobile and wearable technologies, a legal and compliance expert, and a cohort of nine individuals with legal backgrounds who were recruited from Prolific, confirmed its accuracy to be over 85%. We uncovered that specific applications of mobile computing hold significant potential in improving well-being, safety, and social equality. However, these promising uses are linked to risks involving sensitive data, vulnerable groups, and automated decision-making. To avoid rejecting these risky yet impactful mobile and wearable uses, we propose a risk assessment checklist for the Mobile HCI community.

Nutritional Monitoring of Rhodena Lettuce via Neural Networks and Point Cloud Analysis

In traditional farming, fertilizers are often used without precision, resulting in unnecessary expenses and potential damage to the environment. This study introduces a new method for accurately identifying macronutrient deficiencies in Rhodena lettuce crops. We have developed a four-stage process. First, we gathered two sets of data for lettuce seedlings: one is composed of color images and the other of point clouds. In the second stage, we employed the interactive closest point (ICP) method to align the point clouds and extract 3D morphology features for detecting nitrogen deficiencies using machine learning techniques. Next, we trained and compared multiple detection models to identify potassium deficiencies. Finally, we compared the outcomes with traditional lab tests and expert analysis. Our results show that the decision tree classifier achieved 90.87% accuracy in detecting nitrogen deficiencies, while YOLOv9c attained an mAP of 0.79 for identifying potassium deficiencies. This innovative approach has the potential to transform how we monitor and manage crop nutrition in agriculture.

Организационно-финансовые аспекты выбора интраокулярных линз при хирургии катаракты в условиях ценностно-ориентированной системы здравоохранения.

Relevance. In modern conditions, value-based healthcare provides for the provision by medical organizations of medical care of appropriate quality with mandatory control of its cost. Treatment outcomes that are important to the patient become no less significant than clinical performance indicators and payment for medical services, regardless of the profile of medical care. The gradual change in paradigms of healthcare systems from a paternalistic to a person-centric model required changes in organizational, legislative and financial approaches when introducing health-saving healthcare technologies. Purpose of the study: analysis of the current organizational, legal, financial and clinical models of surgical treatment of patients with age-related cataracts, astigmatism and development of proposals for the implementation of the patient’s right to choose intraocular lenses, taking into account his modern expectations from the results of treatment. Materials and methods. Statistical and analytical methods were used (content analysis methods, expert assessment methods, analysis and synthesis methods). Results. An analysis of the legislation in organizing the provision and financing of medical care to the adult population in the field of ophthalmology is presented, and state guarantees for the use of medical products – types of intraocular lenses implanted into the human body for the surgical treatment of senile cataracts and astigmatism – are considered. Clinical models of the disease are systematized, taking into account the frequency and frequency of provision of medical services and the list of medical devices implanted into the human body, professional, medico-economic, medico-legal and reputational risks are described when exercising the patient’s right to choose intraocular lenses in the treatment of ophthalmological pathology. Proposals have been developed to change clinical recommendations, standards of medical care for senile cataracts and astigmatism, and improve payment for ophthalmological care. Conclusions. The transition to value-based healthcare requires the consolidation of the efforts of all structures of the healthcare industry to achieve the best results in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and increase the clinical effectiveness associated with the choice of intraocular lenses in the surgical treatment of adults in the field of ophthalmology.

Evaluation of silk industrial heritage value based on IAHP, D-S theory and mixed decision model: the case of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou in China

ABSTRACT A comprehensive understanding of the diverse value of industrial heritage is a prerequisite for preservation and reuse. After studying the composition and evaluation methods of the value of world cultural heritage, this paper puts forward a mixed decision model based on the combination of interval analytic hierarchy process, expert clustering ranking weighting method, fuzzy set and D-S theory. Firstly, an evaluation system that can describe the value of modern silk industry heritage in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area is established, which reflects comprehensiveness and particularity. Then, the interval analytic hierarchy process and expert clustering ranking method are proposed to calculate the weight of various indicators in the evaluation system, which can effectively reduce the influence of subjective experience and extreme experts on group decision-making. In addition, the fuzzy set theory and D-S theory are used to calculate the protection grades of several modern silk industrial heritages, and compared with the actual protection grades recognized by the state, which verifies the scientificity and effectiveness of the mixed decision-making model. Finally, the results show that the mixed decision model can accurately calculate the protection level consistent with the reality, demonstrating high feasibility and providing new ideas for the future evaluation of industrial heritage values.