Analytical Cross Research Articles

Determinants of Behavior and Proportion of Exclusive Breastfeeding at Tapung Health Center, Kampar Regency

Breast milk is one of efforts to improve the mother and infant's health, one of which is reduce infant mortality rate (IMR). The prevalence of infants that receive the eclusive breastfeeding at The Tapung II public Health Center in 2020 was 57.1%. The purpose of this research is to know the determinant relationship of Exclusive Breastfeeding at The Tapung II Public health center in 2021. Type of this research is quantitative research observational with analytic cross sectional study. The population are Mothers who have babies aged 6-11 months. The sampling is non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling. The analysis used Chi Square and Multiple logistic regression with predictive model. The result of research is the proportion of infant who get exclusive breastfeeding is 43 people (45, grand mother's support and the early initiation of breast feeding) with exclusive breast feeding at The Tapung II Public Health Center. The recommending to health workers are increase the coverage of exclusive breast feeding through a health promotion strategy approach grand mother's support and the early initiation of breast feeding) with exclusive breast feeding at The Tapung II Public Health Center. The recommending to health workers are increase the coverage of exclusive breast feeding through a health promotion strategy approach

Quality Of Life of Cancer Patients Attending a Cancer Hospital, Lumbini Province, Nepal

Background: Quality of life is an important aspect and high priority of the cancer patient care. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of life of cancer patients attending a Cancer hospital, Lumbini Province, Nepal. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study design based on quantitative approach was used in the study. The study was conducted in Sushil Koirala Prakhar Cancer Hospital, Khajura, Banke which was selected purposively considering only one cancer hospital in province five, Nepal. The entire cancer patients receiving at least one cycle of cancer treatment was included in the study using non probability purposive sampling technique. Semi structured interview based questionnaires was used and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire – C30 (EORTC QLQ- C30) was used for measuring quality of life. The data was collected by the enumerator by face to face interview. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The patients with carcinoma (ca) lungs were in highest proportion (24.5%) followed by ca breast. The transform mean and SD score of Global Health/QoL was 35.84 (16.87), functional scale 36.35(15.54), symptoms scale 53.02 (14.61).Occupation was found to be associated with quality of life at statistically significant level in (p= .000) function score. Site of cancer was found to be associated with quality of life at statistically significant levels (p=.0.009) in symptom score. The patients with stage I and II had high global health score and least in stage IV. There was positive correlation of .610** (p=.000) significant at 0.01 level with functional scales and high negative correlation of -.521(p=-.521**) with symptom scales at (p=.000) level of significance. The overall quality of life of cancer patients was poor. The pain management of cancer patients should be taken into consideration.

TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 levels in women with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with sepsis

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder in pregnancy with a worldwide prevalence of about 5-8% of cases. TNF is the main physiological mediator of the inflammatory process. These membrane-bound and soluble cytokines are biologically active. They have different affinities for two types of TNF receptors, apoptotic receptors (TNFR1) and non-apoptotic receptors (TNFR2). This study reveals the levels of TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 in women with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with sepsis. An observational analytic cross sectional research design is applied. The minimum number of sample is 14 women for each group (group 1: women with normal pregnancy, group 2: preeclampsia, and group 3: preeclampsia with sepsis). The results show that · There is an increase in TNF- levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis · There is an increase in TNF-R1 receptor levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis There is an increase in TNF-R2 receptor levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis.

Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Maccini Sawah Kota Makassar Tahun 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease directly caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the infectious diseases infeksikronis a public health problem. Based on data from TB patients in health centers in 2014 Maccini findings of TB patients reached 58 souls were smear positive. The purpose of this research is knowing the relationship sanitary home environment with pulmonary TB incidence in Puskesmas Maccini Rice Makassar Year 2015. This type of research is observational analytic cross sectional study using the Chi-Square which aims to find a significant relationship between the variables independent and dependent variable. The sample in this study amounted to 53 homes with sampling purposive sampling. Conclusions showed no significant relationship between ventilation, lighting, residential density, and household contact with pulmonary TB incidence, but theoretically highly correlated. Results of statistical test by using Chi-Square values obtained p> ? = 0:05 namely p = 0.192, p = priceless, p = 0.827, p = 0.421.

Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and hayfever symptoms among pre-school children are associated with school transport mode: an analytical cross sectional study

Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and hayfever symptoms among pre-school children are associated with school transport mode: an analytical cross sectional study

Factores que interfieren los cribados para cánceres ginecológicos en mujeres peruanas

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the interference of gynecological cancer screening in women aged 25-69 years, according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) for the years 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods: Quantitative, observational, analytical cross- sectional study. It was a secondary database analysis obtained by ENDE for the years 2019 and 2020. Generalized linear Poisson family crude and adjusted models were used to estimate the association. The measure of association. The measure of association used was the adjusted prevalence ratio (Rpa) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: We worked with a total of 18,113 women aged 25-69 who were interviewed at the ENDES 2019-2020. In the descriptive analysis, it is observed that 19.3% did not take a PAP smear (PAP) and 53.6% did not perform “screening for breast cancer”. Women with a primary education level have 19% and 58% more opportunities to present interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer respectively (RPa: 1,19, 95% CI 1.08-1,31 and RPa:1.58, 95% CI 1:51 – 1:64). Living in the jungle increases 56%and 20%more chance of presenting interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer respectively (RPa: 1.46, 95% CI 1.42-1.71 and RPa: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15- 1.25). The level of knowledge increases the interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer by 43% and 3% respectively (RPa: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.34- 1.54 and RPa: 1.03, 95% CI:1.00 -1.06) Conclusions: Sociodemographic, sociocultural and economic factors have a marked influence on the performance of gynecological cancers such as cervical cancer and breast cancer, so it is necessary to implement strategies to promote the prevention of these pathologies.

Assessment of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in exfoliated bladder cells and its prognostic implication in urinary bladder cancer patients

Background: In this era where when one has to look for prognostic and diagnostic methods for evaluating tumors not only they are invasive but very much expensive also which is not at all easy for everyone to opt for. In our study we have tried to look for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage in exfoliated bladder cells which is obtained from a simple urine test and tried to correlate the damage with tumour stage and grade obtained from bladder biopsy. Aim: To assess Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage in Bladder tumour and it’s extrapolation on exfoliated bladder cells and to study association of DNA damage markers with diseases prognosis if any. Study and Design: It is analytical cross sectional study done in tertiary care centre in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Material and Method: After fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criterion we evaluated 70 patients with Bladder space occupying lesion (SOL) to study the DNA damage on exfoliated bladder cells by Fast Halo method and Gamma Histone Analysis and studied the correlation between them if any and also Histopathological Findings. Statistical Analysis Used: All statistical tests were done using GraphPad PRISM (version 7, 2016) and SPSS 20 for Windows ( IL, USA). Association was determined by Student t-test and correlation study was performed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: It was concluded that DNA damage assessed by Fast Halo method done on exfoliated bladder cells statistically correlates with the findings of DNA damage assessed by Gamma Histone analysis and there was a positive correlation with tumour grade and stage. Conclusion: DNA damage assessed by Fast Halo method correlates well with the finding of DNA damage assessed by Gamma Histone analysis and both these findings were consistent with the findings obtained by Histopathology.

Evaluation of Anxiety and Experience of patients presented with Maxillofacial Trauma in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry

Aim: To evaluate the anxiety in patients of maxillofacial trauma using HAM-A scale presenting in emergency department and compare it with elective maxillofacial surgery patients Study design: Analytical cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted from May 2021 to Apr 2022 at Dental unit of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry. Methodology: 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Inclusion criteria was any patient aged between 12-80 years irrespective of gender who got isolated facial trauma, patients with no previous history of psychological disorder. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to make a proforma which was filled by on duty post graduate trainee. p-value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: There were 61 males (76.2%) and 19(23.8%) females. Mean age of patients in group A (facial trauma) was 40.5±15.20 years and in group B (elective surgery) was 50.2±10.47 years. HAM-A score in group A was 25.15±9.74 (moderate to severe anxiety) and in group B it was 12.12±4.44 (mild anxiety) which was statistically significant. (p value 0.00). Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries may pose a heavy impact psychological lives of patients and patients may suffer from anxiety and depression. A multidisciplinary team approach with surgeon and psychiatrist be included to reduce physical damage and psychological impact on patients. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, maxillofacial trauma

Association of Hand Grip Strength with BMI in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Background: The strength of one's grip is a good determining factor of their overall muscularity. Grip strength can be utilized in a variety of circumstances to assess and monitor a variety of health-related conditions. Objective: To evaluate the association of hand grip strength with BMI in cardiovascular disease patients. Methodology: An analytical cross sectional study was done on a population basis. A total of 256 patients of cardiovascular diseases were included in this study. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique. A proforma used to get demographic data including name, age, height, weight and occupation. Their BMI was also calculated. Hand grip strength was measured through handheld dynamometer of both hands. Three trials were performed by the patients from both hands. Results: Out of 256 total participants, 133 (52%) were males and 123 (48%) were females. Their mean age was 51.12 (SD = 12.513) and mean BMI was 26.533 (SD = 5.1012). Hand grip strength (HGS) and body mass index (BMI) had a negative and statistically significant association, for dominant hand (pearson’s r = -0.309, p = 0) and for non-dominant hand (pearson’s r = -0.308, p = 0). Mean hand grip strength of dominant hand was 24.677 (SD = 9.0567) and of non-dminant hand was 21.861 (SD = 8.8035). Age and duration of diseases also had a negative and statistically significant association with the hand grip strength of both hands of the patients with p value 0. Conclusion: It was concluded that the BMI had a great impact on HGS. Presence of CVD and the duration of this disease also affect HGS. With increasing age and obesity hand grip strength decreases. Keywords: Body mass index, Hand grip strength, Cardiovascular diseases.

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Participation of Men Fertilizer Age Couples to Acceptors of Mop (Male Operating Methods) Contraception

Vasectomy or MOP is a long-term contraceptive intended for men which can be a form of husband participation in contraception and family planning so that family planning is not only the wife's obligation. Until now, there is still a lack of male participation in taking MOP Contraception, as stated in the results of the Family Health Profile survey conducted by the BKKBN in 2019 in the Indonesia Health Profile in 2019 the MOP target is 8.77% and the achievement is very far from the target, which is only 0, 5%. (RI, 2019). This study was conducted to identify Knowledge, Attitudes and Support of Childbearing age Men's Wives in Jati Village, and to determine the effect of Wife's knowledge, attitudes and support on the participation of Childbearing age Men in the use of MOP contraception. The type of research carried out is observational with analytical survey research methods and cross sectional approach with a population of 405 people and a sample of 134 Childbearing age Men. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling. The dependent variable in this study was the participation of Childbearing age Men, while the independent variables were attitudes, knowledge, and wife's support. Bivariate analysis used is Chi Square with 0.05, Multivariate analysis used is Multiple Logistics Regression. Results: Most (72.4%) Childbearing age Men have less knowledge, Almost all (78.4%) Childbearing age men have a negative attitude towards MOP contraception, and Almost all Childbearing age Men (84.3%) do not receive the support of their wives in participating in using MOP contraception. The results of the analysis test showed that there was an influence of knowledge with the participation of male pus in the use of MOP contraception (P value 0.000) , there was an effect of male pus attitude with participation in the use of MOP contraception (P value 0.025) and there was an effect of wife's support with the participation of male pus in the use of MOP contraception. (P value 0.020). The most influential factor is wife's support with an OR value of 21.712. There is an effect of Wife's Knowledge, Attitude and Support with the participation of Childbearing age Men in the use of MOP contraception.

Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life among healthcare doctors and public health specialist, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 2022

Background: In 2019, coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) influences the quality of life of health personnel who are on the front lines in dealing with COVID-19 patients. Aim and objectives: The Aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of medical doctor and public health specialist who worked during COVID19, Saudi Arabia, and Riyadh 2022 and to analysis the different risk factors affect the quality of life of medical doctors and public health specialist who worked during COVID19, Saudi Arabia, and Riyadh 2022. Subjects and methods: This was an analytic cross sectional which was done at Kingdome of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh,for medical doctors and public health specialist. Results: There was statistically significant difference in psychological domain between participants with physical or psychological disorders and those without, as participants with no physical or psychological disorders had higher psychological domain (mean = 64.55 ± 16.46) than participants with physical or psychological disorders (mean = 49.89± 16.86), p-value<0.001. Conclusion: The present study revealed health care workers’ quality of life during and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as marital status, physical and psychological disorders, place of work and specialty were significantly associated with decrease the quality of life.

RELATIONSHIP OF PREeclampsia WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN RSUD dr. MOH. SOEWANDHIE SURABAYA

In Indonesia, the prevalence of preeclampsia ranges from 3.4 to 8.5%. In 2011, MMR in East Java was caused by preeclampsia by 27.27%. At the time the baby is born, preeclampsia can also cause low birth weight (LBW). This study aims to determine the relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancy and low birth weight in the delivery room at RSUD dr. Moh. Soewandhie Surabaya. This research is an analytical observational cross sectional. The population of this study were all mothers who gave birth at dr.M.Soewandhie Hospital for the period January-March 2013 as many as 1067 mothers. The number of samples as many as 229 mothers with simple random sampling technique. The independent variable is preeclampsia, while the dependent variable is low birth weight. The instrument is a data collection sheet. Data analysis uses contingency coefficients. The results of the study using the chi square test obtained 2 count 15.68 > 2 table 3.84, with SPSS < (0.000 < 0.05) then the hypothesis is accepted meaning that there is a relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancy and low birth weight. The contingency coefficient (C) is 0.000 with a very low correlation strength. The strength of the relationship (RO) was 0.053 (IK = 0.007-0.392), meaning that mothers with preeclampsia had a 0.053 times risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight compared to mothers without preeclampsia with a probability of 5%. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancies with low birth weight. So the advice that can be given to midwives is to provide additional information in providing IEC and midwifery care to pregnant women with preeclampsia and infants with low birth weight.

PENGARUH PEMERIKSAAN KEHAMILAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI KELURAHAN GEDUNG JOHOR KOTA MEDAN

LBW is a baby with a low birth weight or less than 2500 grams, birth weight is a good predictor for the baby's growth and survival. A term baby is generally born weighing 2500 grams or more. LBW is one of the risk factors that contributes to infant mortality, especially in the perinatal period. The incidence and mortality of LBW due to complications such as asphyxia, infection, hypothermia, hyperbilirubinemia is still high (Indrayani, 2015). This study aims to see whether there is an effect of maternal examination visits during pregnancy with the incidence of LBW with analytic observational research and cross sectional research design. The number of samples in this study was 48 people consisting of postpartum mothers who gave birth to LBW or not, the results showed that there was a relationship between maternal eating patterns during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW where the PV value (0.03), this study recommends that every pregnant woman routinely to check her pregnancy and to health workers to always provide health promotion about the importance of check-up visits

Determinants for Utilization of Alcohol Use Screening Tool by Nurses at Mathari Hospital, Nairobi City County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to evaluate determinants for utilization of alcohol use screening tools by nurses at Mathari Hospital. The study employed analytical cross sectional study design. Participants were practising nurses deployed at Mathari Hospital. 159 respondents formed the sample size. The study utilised simple random sampling. The average age for most nurses was 42 (±10.6) years, had 18 (±10.6) years’ experience in nursing profession, had 10 (±8.1) years’ experience in mental health and psychiatry nursing. Majority (98.1%, 156) of the nurses had cared for a patient with potentially harmful alcohol use and initiated screening for alcohol use on the patient (56.6%, 90). The findings revealed that majority of the nurses were female (76.1%), Christians (97.5%), diploma holders (47.8%), aged was 42 years, 18 years’ experience in nursing profession, and 10 years’ experience in mental health and psychiatry nursing. In addition, education level of nurses was positively and significantly (r=0.164, p=0.039) related with utilization of SBIRT screening tool. The respondents highlighted the following as key enabling factors: Management support (52.8%), motivation (51.6%), Champion (44.7%) and training (44.7%). Management support was positively and significantly (r=0.322, p=0.000) related with utilization of SBIRT screening tool. Identified barriers to utilization of the SBIRT screening tool were nurses’ own alcohol use (44%), competency gaps (32.7%) and lack of knowledge (49.7%). Nurse’s characteristics had a positive and significant influence on the utilization of alcohol use screening tool (β = 0.612, p= 0.000) at 95% confidence interval. Enabling factors had a positive and significant influence on utilization of alcohol use screening tool (β = 0.226, P= 0.061) at 90% confidence interval. Barriers had a negative and significant influence on utilization of alcohol use screening tool (β = -0.261, P= 0.065) at 95% confidence interval. The adjusted R squared (0.243) revealed that jointly, nurses’ characteristics, enabling factors and barriers explain 24.3% of variations in the utilization of alcohol use screening tool. Enabling factors were observed to have a positive and significant relationship with utilization of alcohol use screening tool (r=0.359, P=0.000) at 99% confidence interval. Barriers have a negative and significant relationship with utilization of alcohol use screening tool (r= -0.132, P=0.097) at 95% confidence interval. The three determinants (nurses’ characteristics, enabling factors, and barriers) only explained eighteen percent of changes in utilization of SBIRT suggesting the existence of other factors that may account for changes in utilization of the screening tool. Keywords: Screening tool, alcohol use, SBIRT, barriers, enabling factors, nurse’s characteristics

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU KELUARGA SADAR GIZI (KADARZI)

<p><strong><em>Poor nutrition is major problem in </em></strong><strong><em>Pasar Baru Community helath center any 19 toddler experience the poor Nutrition</em></strong><strong><em>. This study aimed to determine nutrition conscious behavior in Pasar Baru Community health center. Pesisir Selatan district 2019.</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>The type of this study was descriptive with analytic cross sectional study design. it was conducted on March-June 2019. The population were mother who had a toddler in Pasar Baru Community Health Center. They were 2231 people. by using proportional random sampling, 96 people were chosen as the samples. The data were collected by using questionnaire. Then it was Analyzed by univariate and bivariate statistical test by using chi-square analysis.</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>The results showed that 49.0% of respondents did not include Kadarzi category, 47.9% of them had low knowledge, next 42.7% of them had negative attitude, next 38.5% of them had low motivation. After that 45.8% of them sad the cadres were not active. There was a correlation between knowledge (p = 0.000, OR = 16), attitude (p = 0.000, OR = 16), motivation (p = 0.002, OR = 4), activeness cadres (p = 0.018, OR = 3) toward behavioral Kadarzi.</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>In short it can be concluded that the knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and the liveliness of cadres had a significant relationship toward Kadarzi behavior. Then, isb expected that health workers can provide information about Kadarzi in the community in order to increase knowledge, and health workers and health volunteers motivate people to have Kadarzi.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : Kadarzi, Knowledge, Attitude, Motivation and liveliness cadres.</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p>

Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) During Pregnancy

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the existence of bacteria in a patient's properly gathered urine who has no obvious symptoms of a urinary tract infection, which is common in females, with the prevalence rate of 2-11%, ASB during pregnancy is influenced by a range of factors including; mechanical compression, changes in the immune and renal systems, if ASB untreated, it can lead to cystitis and pyelonephritis. Our aim is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests compared with the culture method for detection of ASB during pregnancy, and to identify the most common etiologic agents of ASB in pregnant women. An analytical cross- sectional study was carried out on 110 pregnant women, selected using nonprobability sampling methods their age between 18-45year- old with no signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Clean-catch Midstream urine specimen from each participant was collected and submitted for routine analysis by dipstick to detect leukocyte esterase, nitrite reductase tests and microscopic examination to detect pyuria (pus cells), as well as urine culture, and biochemical test. About 14.5% of pregnant women were positive for ASB, the most prevalent bacterium Escherichia coli (37.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%). There was no significant association between age, parity, gestation, recurrent urinary tract infections, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ASB. For screening tests; the nitrite test was more specific (98.9%) than leukocyte esterase and pus cells, on the other hand, pus cell detection was more sensitive (81.2%) than the other tests for detection of ASB. The prevalence of ASB was relatively high, no one used routine screening tests revealed both high sensitivity and specificity. So, urine culture remains the gold standard method for detection of ASB in pregnant women.

Single inclusive jet production in pA collisions at NLO in the small-x regime

We present the first complete next-to-leading-order (NLO) prediction with full jet algorithm implementation for the single inclusive jet production in pA collisions at forward rapidities within the color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory. Our prediction is fully differential over the final state physical kinematics, which allows the implementation of any infra-red safe observable including the jet clustering procedure. The NLO calculation is organized with the aid of the observable originated power counting proposed in [1] which gives rise to the novel soft contributions in the CGC factorization. We achieve the fully-differential calculation by constructing suitable subtraction terms to handle the singularities in the real corrections. The subtraction contributions can be exactly integrated analytically. We present the NLO cross section with the jets constructed using the anti-kT algorithm. The NLO calculation demonstrates explicitly the validity of the CGC factorization in jet production. Furthermore, as a byproduct of the subtraction method, we also derive the fully analytic cross section for the forward jet production in the small-R limit. We show that in the small-R approximation, the forward jet cross section can be factorized into a semi-hard cross section that produces a parton and the semi-inclusive jet functions (siJFs). We argue that this feature holds for generic jet production and jet substructure observables in the CGC framework. Last, we show numerical analyses of the derived formula to validate our calculations. We justify when the small-R approximation is appropriate. Like forward hadron production, the obtained NLO result also exhibits the negativity of the cross section in the large jet transverse regime, which signals the need for the threshold resummation. A sketch of the threshold resummation in the CGC framework is presented based on the multiple emission picture and it is found to agree with the approach using the rapidity renormalization group equation developed in [2].

Relationship of Risk Factors for Pregnant Women with Congenital Disorders of Lobster Claw Syndrome, Ulutaue Hamlet, Mario Village, Mare District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi

The health condition of pregnant women is one of the risks that can increase the occurrence of congenital abnormalities; the prevalence of babies with congenital disorders in Indonesia is 59.3% per 1,000 live births. When compared to countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is still a country with a high prevalence of babies with congenital abnormalities. 50% of congenital abnormalities have no known cause; congenital abnormalities can be identified before birth, at birth, or later when the baby is born. Congenital abnormalities can affect organ shape, organ function, or both. Congenital abnormalities in infants vary from mild to severe and, in general, abnormalities occur in the first trimester phase, as happened in Ulutaue Village, there were some born with lobster claw syndrome, which they call stemmed fingers. This is a quite rare incident that occurs overseas only 1 in 90,000 live births, but it is different in Ulutaue Hamlet ranging from the elderly to children under five years old having fingers split in half, resemble crab claws. Most of the residents of Ulutaue Hamlet have suffered from this case. Reports in the last few years from the local health center found pregnant women giving birth with the same case. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors of pregnant women that cause the phenomenon of Lobster claw syndrome at Ulutaue Hamlet, Mare District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. This study uses a type of quantitative research with an analytical cross sectional design approach that aims at analyzing the relationship between risk factors of pregnant women and the occurrence of Lobster claw syndrome phenomenon. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Lobster Claw Syndrome.

COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health among General Population of Gandaki Province

Introduction: Mental health problem is the big issues during Covid 19 pandemic so this study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health among general population of Gandaki province Methods: An Analytical cross sectional study was conducted from Nov/Dec 2021among 168 general population above 18 years of age.Nepali version of self reporting DASS 21 scale was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 version. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics chisquare & bivariate logistic regression was used for data analysis Results: Among the participants 29.8% had depression, 26.8% had anxiety and 16.1% had stress in varying severity from mild to extremely severe forms. There was signification association between depression and religion, marital status and educational status and there was association between anxiety and stress with marital status and occupation but there is no significant with other demographic variables. Bivariant regression models revealed unmarried respondents were 2.6 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, below Graduation educational status were 3 times more likely to have depressive symptoms. Unmarried respondents were 2.4 times more likely to have anxiety, in the same way unmarried respondents were 5 times more likely to have stress at 95 % CI i.e. pvalve <0.05. Conclusions: More than one fourth respondents was having depressive symptoms, anxious and near to one fifth was stressed so there should be increasing public awareness of mental health and coping strategies is essential to promote mental health to the general population of Gandaki province. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; mental health; general population.

Evaluation of POSSUM Score for Outcome Prediction in Patients undergoing Major Gastrointestinal Surgery in Population of Central Nepal

Introduction: The POSSUM score is one of the several risk scores to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in the surgical domain.This study was designed to assess the validity of POSSUM scoring system in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries in our setup and to analyse the outcome and compare the observed and expected values. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted among 100 patients in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology after taking ethical approval from COMS-IRC. Data was analysed using SPSS -20 via descriptive and inferential statistical tools. p-value <0.05 was considered statistical significant. Results: Using POSSUM score the expected morbidity was 54% and mortality was 21.47%.The observed morbidity was 54% and mortality was 13%. The observed to expected (O: E) morbidity was 1.03 and mortality was 0.61 and there was no statistically significant difference between observed and expected value. The area under curve for POSSUM mortality score was 0.896 and the sensitivity and specificity of POSSUM score to predict mortality was 93.2 and 83.9 respectively. Conclusions: POSSUM score is a good mathematical tool in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries. Keywords: gastrointestinal surgeries; central Nepal; expected morbidity and mortality; observed morbidity and mortality; POSSUM score.