Assessment of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in exfoliated bladder cells and its prognostic implication in urinary bladder cancer patients

Abstract

Background: In this era where when one has to look for prognostic and diagnostic methods for evaluating tumors not only they are invasive but very much expensive also which is not at all easy for everyone to opt for. In our study we have tried to look for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage in exfoliated bladder cells which is obtained from a simple urine test and tried to correlate the damage with tumour stage and grade obtained from bladder biopsy. Aim: To assess Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage in Bladder tumour and it’s extrapolation on exfoliated bladder cells and to study association of DNA damage markers with diseases prognosis if any. Study and Design: It is analytical cross sectional study done in tertiary care centre in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Material and Method: After fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criterion we evaluated 70 patients with Bladder space occupying lesion (SOL) to study the DNA damage on exfoliated bladder cells by Fast Halo method and Gamma Histone Analysis and studied the correlation between them if any and also Histopathological Findings. Statistical Analysis Used: All statistical tests were done using GraphPad PRISM (version 7, 2016) and SPSS 20 for Windows ( IL, USA). Association was determined by Student t-test and correlation study was performed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: It was concluded that DNA damage assessed by Fast Halo method done on exfoliated bladder cells statistically correlates with the findings of DNA damage assessed by Gamma Histone analysis and there was a positive correlation with tumour grade and stage. Conclusion: DNA damage assessed by Fast Halo method correlates well with the finding of DNA damage assessed by Gamma Histone analysis and both these findings were consistent with the findings obtained by Histopathology.