Analysis Of Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Even Mode Network Model for Multi-band and Compact Modified Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

multi-port network model is a simpler tool to analyze microstrip antennas on thinner substrates. While analyzing modified shaped microstrip antennas, the multi-port network model consists of larger number of segments which increases the complexity of the model. In this paper, first multi-port network models of multi-band and compact modified rectangular microstrip antennas are discussed. Further by using the symmetry of multi-port network models, a simpler even mode network equivalent model is proposed. The even mode network model solves only half of the network and thereby reduces the complexity of the multi-port network model. It gives closer match with multi-port network model result in terms of resonance frequency, input impedance and voltage distribution.

A broadband and wide beam circular polarization LTCC microstrip antenna analysis and design with characteristic modes theory

In this paper, characteristic modes theory was used in analysis and design of a broad axial ratio band circular polarization LTCC microstrip antenna. An ellipse slot couple structure was proposed to take the place of traditional circular slot couple structure for enlarging circular polarization broadband. And the theory of how to improve the axial ratio band was researched in detail by characteristic mode method. The characteristic angle phase difference of two orthogonal characteristic modes and the phase difference of feed line in whole frequencies are the key points in these kind of designs. Finally, the designed broadband axial ratio band circular polarization LTCC microstrip antenna was been successfully implemented, and the experimental results are presented and discussed. Good agreement between simulation and testing was achieved.

Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems Communication

This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application (CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments (MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity, Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2) with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern. Keywords - Microstrip Patch Antenna; E-shaped, CDMA systems communications; Coaxial Probe feed, IE3D.

Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Antennas in Three-Layered Spherical Media

A model of three-layered spherical microstrip antenna has been analyzed based on Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) triangular basis functions using mixed potential integral equation (MPIE). Firstly, the model of antenna and the dyadic Green’s function in spherical microstrip antennas are given at the beginning of this paper. Then, due to the infinite series convergence problem, asymptotic extraction approach is presented to accelerate the Green’s functions convergence speed when source and field points are located in the same layer and different layers. The convergence speed can be accelerated observably by using this method. Finally, in order to simplify impedance matrix elements calculation at the junction of the probe and patch, a novel division fashion of pair of triangles is adopted in this paper. The input impedance result obtained shows the validity and effectiveness of the analysis method comparing with published data.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Microstrip Antennas Loaded with a Single DNG Resonator

This paper deals with the numerical and experimental analysis of the effects of non-conventional materials on antenna performance. The paper is divided into two main sections: numerical simulations and experimental characterization. First, a microstrip antenna loaded with a Double-Negative (DNG) substrate is numerically simulated to study its effect on size and performance. Then the same antenna using conventional substrate is top loaded with a novel single-sided resonator (referred as diamond dipole resonator or DDR) showing DNG behavior. The antenna is manufactured and measurements are performed. The results show that the use of the DDR produces a dramatic 73.9% return loss improvement as well as a frequency shift. Issues about size reduction and negative refractive index effects are further presented and discussed.

Analysis of Conformal Microstrip Antennas With the Discrete Mode Matching Method

An extension of the discrete mode matching (DMM) method is used to analyze microstrip antennas conformed to cylinders. The structure needs to be discretized only along the azimuthal and the axial directions by sampling the fields and current densities in the interfaces between dielectric layers. The solution in the radial direction is obtained analytically with the dyadic Green's function, which is calculated using the full-wave equivalent circuit (FWEC) in the spectral domain. The structure is truncated in the axial direction by employing absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). The mathematical formulation is given in this paper, followed by its application to compute the main properties of conformal microstrip antennas, such as resonant frequency, radiation patterns and input impedance. Validation with the commercial software HFSS has been done and good agreement between the results has been observed.

Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Important Parameters of Magnetically Biased Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna

The application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) to the optimization of important parameters (Directivity, Radiated Power, Impedance etc.) of magnetically biased microstrip antenna, fabricated on ferrite substrate, is reported. The fitness functions for the GA program have been developed using cavity method for the analysis of microstrip antenna. The effect of external magnetic biasing has also been incorporated in the fitness function formulation as effective propagation constant. Using stochastic based search method of GA the common characteristics of electro-magnetic were entertained which cannot be handled by other optimization techniques. The genetic algorithm was run for 500 generations. The computed results are in good agreement with the results obtained experimentally.

FAST ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS OVER A FREQUENCY BAND USING AN ACCURATE MOM MATRIX INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE

A novel method based on the hybrid volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) and the impedance matrix interpolation technique is presented for the fast analysis of microstrip antennas in frequency sweeps. A novel impedance matrix interpolation scheme is extended to the impedance matrix associated with VSIE, thus providing high accuracy, high e-ciency, and large interpolation bandwidth for metal-dielectric composite problems. To demonstrate the efiectiveness and accuracy of the proposed technique, numerical results for typical rectangular patch antennas and a broadband U-slot rectangular patch antenna are presented. Good agreement among the interpolation results, the exact method of moments (MoM) solutions, the flnite element method (FEM) solutions, and measured data is observed over the bandwidth. The interpolation bandwidth is further investigated through a scattering problem. Numerical results show that high accuracy is obtainable within 10 : 1 bandwidth.

Analysis Method of Microstrip Antennas on Hemispherical Multilayer Structures

A generalized method for the analysis of microstrip antennas, which are placed on or embedded in hemispherical multilayer structures, is presented. By using corresponding full-wave equivalent circuits, the dyadic Green's functions of these structures and their system equations for the tangential field components at the interfaces can be analytically derived in a simple way. The numerical results are verified with commercial software codes. Some effects of the curvature and the ground plane on the input impedance of microstrip antennas are shown.

The design and performance analysis of integrated amplifier patch antenna

AbstractThis work presents the design of an active amplifier antenna. Active integrated antennas can be obtained with active components directly connected to the antenna structure. In this article, a novel active integrated single microstrip antenna analysis and its radiation pattern and gain performance is proposed. A high‐efficiency, low noise, and high linear compact amplifier integrated with a microstrip antenna at 1.6 GHz is presented for RF front‐end circuit applications. The design in this study consists of a rectangular microstrip antenna with a pair of parallel slots loaded close to the radiating edge of the patch and three meandering narrow slots embedded in the antenna surface. With the proposed design a size reduction of 34% for the 1.6‐ and 2.6‐GHz resonant frequencies is obtained and the two frequencies have an operation frequency ratio of 1.30. In this design approach, the measured antenna impedance is transformed with matching to the load impedance for maximum efficiency. With the proposed amplifier antenna design, the antenna radiation pattern can be better than an antenna radiation pattern without matching. In addition, it has been shown that compensation significantly improves the return loss matching level. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2732–2736, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23765

ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF EDGE BASIS FUNCTIONS TO IMPROVE THE ANALYSIS OF POLYGONAL PATCHES

A new set of entire domain basis functions has been recently proposed in the literature for analyzing microstrip antennas with convex polygonal patches through a Method of Moment (MoM) numerical procedure. These basis functions represent a complete set of orthogonal functions, but they do not take into account the singular behavior of the tangential component of the current density at the patch edges. This property indeed limits the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis and only some particular geometries can be well described. When more accurate analyses are needed, the singular behavior of the current should be considered and the introduction of new auxiliary basis functions to fix the current behavior at the patch edges is a mandatory task. The aim of this paper is to present a new set of edge basis functions, suitable for a MoM analysis of convex polygonal patch antennas, to be used in conjunction with the entire domain basis functions already presented by the authors, in order to improve the overall accuracy of the method. Some examples showing the capabilities of the new functions are proposed.

Analysis of microstrip patch antennas on arbitrarily shaped multilayers

A numerical procedure for the efficient analysis of microstrip antennas and feed networks embedded in multilayer structures of arbitrary shape is presented. It is based on a special variant of the discrete-mode-matching method (DMM) for non-planar structures using a general solution of the wave equation (GSDMM). As an example, the complex resonant frequency of a microstrip patch antenna conformal to a non-planar dielectric surface is calculated. Different shapes are modeled by a suitable parameter. Some of the results are compared with those obtained with the commercial software HFSS by Ansoft.

Analysis of a cylindrical patch antenna fed with coaxial probe using FDTD

AbstractThe feed model is very important for microstrip antenna analysis using FDTD. In this paper, the feed model with coaxial probe is accurately and efficiently analysed in terms of the contour path technique, driving out the magnetic field modified equations and accomplishing the FDTD procedure. Finally, the characteristic parameters of a cylindrical patch antenna are predicted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 406–408, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10932

Analysis of microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates

An approach is developed to analyze microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates using the finite-element method (FEM). The perfectly matched layers (PMLs) in the chiral media is employed in this work. First, the characteristics of microstrip antennas on infinite conventional, ferrite, and chiral substrates are respectively analyzed in order to validate our analysis. Then microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates are investigated as a comparison with those on infinite chiral substrates. Finally, the input impedances of microstrip antennas on infinite and finite chiral substrate are calculated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 14: 49–56, 2004.

A multilevel BCG-FFT method for the analysis of a microstrip antenna and array

The biconjugate gradient-fast Fourier transform (BCG–FFT) method is a very efficient and useful technique to analyze microstrip antennas and arrays. In order to increase the efficiency of the BCG–FFT method by reducing the number of iterations, a multilevel BCG–FFT method is constructed using the idea of multigrid methods. The analysis of microstrip antennas and arrays illustrates that the multilevel BCG–FFT method has good accuracy and is much faster than the BCG–FFT method. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 20–23, 2000.

Spectral-domain integral-equation analysis of microstrip antenna working around 24 GHz

The full-wave analysis based on the moment method in the spectral domain is used to perform an analysis of the rectangular patch antenna working around 24 GHz. The resonant frequency is in good agreement with the measured result. The value of the relative permittivity which is taken is at 10 GHz, and the severe tolerances in the substrate thickness cause some discrepancies between the theoretical and experimental input impedances. The copolarization and cross-polarization components of the radiation pattern of this antenna are also drawn in both the E-plane and the H-plane. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 37–40, 2000.

Neurospectral computation for input impedance ofrectangularmicrostrip antenna

The neural network method evaluates the integrals appearing in the spectral domain analysis of microstrip antennas. Closed form expressions are found for the integral in the indefinite form and then limits are imposed to obtain the definite integral value. This technique eliminates the difficulties of handling the singularity points encountered in the numerical evaluation of integrals. Results are compared with those of the standard spectral domain method.

Design considerations for rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

The effective design and analysis of microstrip antennas presupposes the quantitative knowledge of the effects of the physical and mechanical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material on electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The behavior of antenna electromagnetic properties for varying mechanical and physical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material is presented. A set of graphs for a relevant set of parameters is presented which enables the designer to clearly see the tradeoffs involved in choosing specific parameters for the antenna. Several parameters that are deterrents to the proper functioning of the antennas are also identified. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 19: 111–121, 1998.

Design considerations for rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

The effective design and analysis of microstrip antennas presupposes the quantitative knowledge of the effects of the physical and mechanical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material on electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The behavior of antenna electromagnetic properties for varying mechanical and physical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material is presented. A set of graphs for a relevant set of parameters is presented which enables the designer to clearly see the tradeoffs involved in choosing specific parameters for the antenna. Several parameters that are deterrents to the proper functioning of the antennas are also identified. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 19: 111–121, 1998.

Analysis of half- and quarter-wavelength printed antennas on a conical surface

A theoretical analysis of microstrip antennas printed on a conical surface operating in the TM01 model is described. The cavity mode with magnetic or electric walls is used to calculate the resonant frequency and the input impedance. The radiated far fields are obtained by using the dyadic Green's function formulation. Experimental data fit the theoretical predictions of the model well. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 284–290, 1998.