Analysis Of Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Machine learning-driven design and performance analysis of microstrip antennas for sub-6 GHz/mm Wave 5G networks

In the realm of modern communication systems, antennas are crucial components, with the microstrip patch antenna being particularly notable for its low profile and seamless integration. Despite its widespread use, designing this antenna involves complex simulations to optimize parameters, requiring significant expertise and consuming considerable time and energy. To streamline this process, machine learning (ML) algorithms are being utilized. This paper introduces an innovative approach that employs ML techniques to design a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating within the sub-6 GHz frequency range (1-6 GHz) and the millimeter frequency range (28-40 GHz). The antenna design maintains consistent patch dimensions positioned strategically at the center, with a thorough examination of patch length and width to enhance performance. Datasets are meticulously prepared, covering output parameters such as beam area, directivity, gain, and radiation efficiency across the specified frequency ranges. By employing various ML algorithms, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis to identify the most effective algorithm for accurately predicting antenna characteristics. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm achieved high accuracy across all parameters: gain at 94.23% under sub-6 GHz and 95.93% under millimeter frequency range, directivity at 99.02% and 98.59%, radiation efficiency at 93.94% and 94.28%, and beam area at 99.07% and 98.59% respectively. These results optimize microstrip antenna designs and enhance understanding of the relationship between design parameters and performance outcomes with ML.

Analysis of Microstrip Antennas for Wireless Energy Harvesting

En este documento, se realiza una revisión de las antenas de microcinta utilizadas en sistemas de transferencia y captación de energía electromagnética radiada en las bandas de microondas, en función de sus parámetros técnicos y estructurales. Lo anterior permitirá identificar aspectos destacados en el empleo de las distintas configuraciones de antenas y sugerir líneas de investigación futuras que contribuyan con el desarrollo de esta área. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de literatura de artículos de investigación, trabajos presentados en conferencias y simposios, entre otros, que permitan conocer las diferentes propuestas existentes en torno al tema de estudio. Como resultado, se encuentra que existe una gran variedad de configuraciones y técnicas para el diseño de estas antenas, con los cuales se puede modificar el patrón de radiación y mejorar la ganancia. Se concluye entonces, que no existe un patrón definido de construcción para obtener la antena ideal. Sin embargo, se abre una perspectiva a la investigación para establecer y evaluar nuevas estructuras y materiales para la optimización de este tipo de antenas utilizadas en la recolección de energía de RF como otra alternativa para la carga de dispositivos de baja potencia y el desarrollo de la tecnología de internet de las cosas (IoT).

Two methods to analyze microstrip antennas for Wi-Fi bandwidth

Two methods to analyze microstrip antennas for Wi-Fi bandwidth

Sub-Structure Characteristic Mode Analysis of Microstrip Antennas Using a Global Multitrace Formulation

Sub-Structure Characteristic Mode Analysis of Microstrip Antennas Using a Global Multitrace Formulation

Design and Analysis of Micro strip Antenna for 5G Application

Abstract —In order to keep up with the evolving technology, there's a growing need for communication antennas with higher bandwidth. One major solution for this demand is 5G technology. To address this, we've developed a 3.45GHz antenna. The antenna is constructed using FR4 material, a double-sided copper-coated PCB with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a substrate height of 1.6mm. Our initial design involved simulating the antenna in Advanced Design System (ADS) and generating graphs for gain, directivity, frequency plot, radiation pattern, Electric field plane, and Magnetic field. Additionally, we utilized ADS software to create the equivalent circuit diagram and conducted simulations to calculate the S-parameters.

On the Efficiency of the Advanced TWA Approach to the 60-GHz Microstrip Antenna Analysis for 5G Wireless Communication Systems

The bandwidth demand in mobile wireless applications has grown at an astounding rate due to the fast evolution of technology, spurring the antenna design fields. The approaches associated with realizing antenna structure at mm-Wave frequency bands for future 5G cellular devices present advantages and disadvantages. This paper exhibits a fast and original approach based on the transverse wave formulation called-up Advanced Transverse Wave Approach (ATWA). A compact 5G patch antenna is designed, measured, simulated, and analyzed in the context of unlicensed mm-wave ISM-band applications. Compared to recently published works, the obtained result analysis proves the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of calculation accuracy, computational efficiency, and peak memory usage and the overall good performance of the proposed antenna.

Design of Circular Patch Array Microstrip Antenna Using Slot for ISM Band

This paper presents a Microstrip Antenna Analysis for the ISM Band with a circular patch design with a radius of 17 mm at a frequency of 2,400 – 2.484 GHz. The fabricated array antenna has a very compact width and length of 9.5 x 7.5 cm each. Therefore, an increase in bandwidth on the monopole antenna can be applied to the array arrangement. So to get the best antenna design, two optimizations of antenna size changes are carried out during the simulation: optimization of patch radius and slot length. The radius variation is used to shift the frequency range and slot length for impedance matching, as seen from the S11 value of less than -10 dB. From each change, the best results are taken. Experiments get the best antenna simulation results and are then fabricated. From the measurement results on the fabricated antenna, the lowest S11 value is -19.602 dB, and the gain is 3.52 dBi. The slot technique's optimization process has successfully shifted the frequency to approximately 100 MHz and increased the bandwidth by about 5% or 40 MHz.

Performance Analysis of Microstrip Antenna with Several Feed Networks for Satellite Communication

The modern wireless communication systems demand significantly higher bandwidth with a highly directive antenna for better performance. For this purpose, the feed networks such as Series Feed (SF), Corporate Feed (CF), and Corporate-Series Feed Network (CSFN) in the design of antennas play a vital role. Therefore, in this paper, rectangular microstrip antennas with inner ring slot, two semi-circular slots on both sides of the microstrip, and two director elements have been designed. The proposed antennas in four sets with different shapes for satellite communication operate at the Ku-band frequency. In this design, copper (annealed) has been used as material for the ground plane. The substrate material of this proposed antenna is Rogers RT5880, with a dielectric constant at 2.2. Moreover, the probe feed technique has been used in this antenna, further followed by SF, CF, and CSFN networks. The presented design is simple, compact, and very economical with optimal gain and bandwidth. The structure parameters of this proposed antenna are numerically computed. The antenna features are simulated by CST Microwave Studio, a commercial simulator based on finite integration techniques that support the numerical analysis. Further, the antenna performances based on the considered feeding techniques of the proposed antenna have been compared.

Analysis of C-shaped Compact Microstrip Antennas Using Deep Neural Networks Optimized by Manta Ray Foraging Optimization with Lévy-Flight Mechanism

In recent years, microstrip antennas have become a popular research subject with the increasing use of mobile technologies. With the development of neural networks, the design and analysis of microstrip antennas are carried out quickly with high accuracy. However, optimizing the weight matrices and bias vectors of deep neural learning models is an important challenge for engineering problems. This study presents a deep neural network-based (DNN-based) neural model to estimate the gain and scattering parameter (S11) of C-shaped compact microstrip antennas (CCMAs). For this purpose, the S11 and gain values of 324 CCMAs with different physical and electrical properties were obtained using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software based on the finite integration technique (FIT). The data related to 324 CCMAs were used for the training and testing process. The improved manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm based on the Lévy-flight (LF) mechanism was used to optimize the connection weights matrices and bias vectors. The MRFO-optimized model has estimation success for training and testing data as 0.925 and 0.922, in terms of R2 score, respectively. The estimated resonant frequencies using the trained model are compared with the studies in the literature, and an average percentage error (APE) of 0.933% is obtained.

Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless communication applications

This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.

Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna on Periodic and Non-Periodic Photonic Band Gap Substrate

This paper describes the investigation of a microstrip patch antenna with periodic and non-periodic Photonic Band Gap structure (PBG) as a substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at 5.9 GHz. The problem of surface wave leakage in the conventional antenna is controlled by producing dielectric periodicity with the help of photonic crystal as a substrate. Parametric analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out by including the photonic crystal substrate with an optimized air hole diameter as 1, 1.5, and 2.5 mm. It is observed that the gain, directivity, and the S parameters of the proposed microstrip patch antenna are improved compared to the conventional patch antenna.

Development Of Multiband MIMO Antenna With Defective Ground Structure: Review

This paper presents analysis of microstrip antenna used for multiple inputs and multiple outputs for the wireless technology i.e. MIMO antenna. Due to rapid changes in wireless technology the size and weight of MIMO antenna reduces rapidly. The MIMO technology works parallel from the transmitter to the receiver that increases the data rates, channel capacity of the signal and reduces the multipath fading effects. The MIMO antenna designed using approximate methods and full wave methods. The approximate model provides the design using transmission to segmentation model. The full wave methods provides the design methodology for method of moments to finite difference time domain. The MIMO antenna are developed to improve the various parameter such as VSWR, Isolation, Impedance, Return loss, Gain, Directivity, efficiency, total active reflection coefficient, correlation coefficient and envelope correlation coefficient over the frequency ranges.

Bandwidth Enhancement & Analysis of Microstrip Antenna with DGS for S and X Band Applications

Bandwidth Enhancement & Analysis of Microstrip Antenna with DGS for S and X Band Applications

A Mixed Approach for Solving Volume-Surface Integral Equations in the Analysis of Microstrip Antenna and Packaging Structures

Electromagnetic analysis for microstrip antenna and packaging structures is formulated by volume-surface integral equations (VSIEs). The conducting microstrip and ground are described with SIEs, while the dielectric substrate is governed by volume integral equations (VIEs), and they are coupled to each other to form VSIEs. Using VIEs instead of SIEs for dielectric substrate can improve the conditioning of system matrix related to the multiscale property of antenna and packaging structures. The VSIEs are usually solved by the method of moments (MoM) with well-designed basis functions defined over conforming meshes, resulting in much inconvenience of implementation. We propose a mixed approach to solve the VSIEs by combining the traditional MoM for the conducting part and a point-matching scheme for the dielectric part together. The approach uses cuboids to discretize the dielectric substrate and does not require conforming meshes between the conducting and dielectric parts. Also, the approach considers the thickness of metallic microstrip and ground, which is usually neglected. Typical numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and its effectiveness has been verified.

Design and Performance Analysis of Microstrip Antenna using different Ground Plane Techniques for WLAN Application

This paper is concentrated on comparison of rectangular patch antenna with different ground plane dimensions i.e. short edge, double ground, triple ground in terms of Bandwidth, Gain, Directivity, VSWR, Reflection coefficient and efficiency performance. The finite ground plane gives rise to diffraction of radiation from the edges of ground plane resulting in modifying of radiation conductance, radiation pattern, and resonant frequency. The substrate used is Flame Retardant4epoxy having dielectric constant of 4.4 and dielectric tangent loss of 0.02. The patch antenna is provided by inset feed line. The design was optimized to obtain the most suitable configuration in terms of desired values of reflection coefficient, bandwidth and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) for antenna with and without modifying on ground plane. These antennas are suitable for WLAN Applications. In this observation, the paper calls for an attention that, the cachet is an amelioration of the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Band patch antenna is simulated and analysed using HFSS 13.0 and fabricated by photo lithography. The proposed antenna is tested using VNA E5071C.As a result it can be also observed in being when the size of ground plane is increased, the ripples in the main pattern diminishes.

On the Application of the Incomplete QR Algorithm to the Analysis of Microstrip Antennas

In this paper, we provide some insight into the us- age of fast, iterative, method-of-moments (MoM) solution of integral equations (IE) describing antennas and other metal- lic structures immersed in a planar multilayered environ- ment. Based on the form of multilayered media Green's functions, we extract free-space terms, associated with direct rays within the analyzed structure, reducing the number of significant interactions required to describe the rest of MoM matrix. Next, we show that it is possible to construct a hybrid algorithm, where the fast multipole method (FMM) is used to thefree-spacematrixpart,whilethereducedrankincomplete QR (iQR) decomposition is applied to the remaining portion of the MoM matrix. This HM-iQR (hybrid multipole - incomplete QR) method is applied to a relatively large (in terms o f the number of un- knowns) problem of plane wave scattering by a finite array of rectangular microstrip patches printed on a grounded di- electric slab. Computation results from the new algorithm are compared to literature data and to the results of the pure low rank IE-QR method.

Mixed-Potential Integral Equation Based Characteristic Mode Analysis of Microstrip Antennas

A characteristic mode (CM) formulation is developed for the modal analysis of microstrip antennas. It is derived from the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) with spatial-domain Green’s functions for multilayered media, where spatial-domain Green’s functions take into account the effect of the multilayered media. The resultant characteristic currents and fields are orthogonal with each other among different orders of modes. Together with the eigenvalues and their deduced indicators, the CMs provide deep physical insights into the radiation mechanisms of microstrip antennas. Numerical results are presented to confirm CM formulation’s effectiveness and accuracy in determining the resonant frequencies, radiating mode currents, and modal fields of microstrip antennas. As opposed to the very popular CM formulation for conducting bodies, comparative studies are presented to show the quite different modal analysis results by considering the multilayered media.

Метод расчета микрополоскового вибратора, расположенного на киральной подложке

Метод расчета микрополоскового вибратора, расположенного на киральной подложке

Analysis of Input Impedance and Mutual Coupling of Microstrip Antennas on Multilayered Circular Cylinders Using Closed-Form Green's Function Representations

Closed-form Green's function (CFGF) representations for cylindrically stratified media are developed and used in conjunction with a Galerkin method of moments (MoM) in the space domain for the analysis of microstrip antennas on multilayered circular cylinders. An attachment mode is used in the MoM solution procedure to accurately model the feeding of probe-fed microstrip antennas. The developed CFGF representations are modified in the source region (where two current modes can partially or fully overlap with each other during the MoM procedure) so that singularities can be treated analytically and hence, the proposed CFGF representations can be safely used in this region. Furthermore, accurate CFGF representations for the probe-related components (necessary for probe type excitations including the attachment mode) are obtained when the radial distance between the source and field points is electrically small or zero. Numerical results in the form of input impedance of various microstrip antennas and the mutual coupling between two antennas are presented showing good agreement when compared to the available published results as well as the results obtained from CST Microwave Studio.

Wave Concept Iterative Procedure Analysis of Patch Antennas on Nanostructured Ceramic Substrates

The wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP) is proposed to analyze rectangular and circular patch antennas on nanostructured ceramic substrates. Principles of WCIP are described and advantages are emphasized. The analysis of microstrip antennas on double layered substrates is performed in space and spectral domains. In addition, Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is used to improve the efficiency of the method. WCIP simulated results are compared to HFSS software ones. A good agreement is observed.