Analysis Of Economic Performance Research Articles

Technical and Enviro-economic Analysis of a 0.78 kWp PV System

Aim: To determine the technical, economic and environmental performance analysis of an installed PV backup system. Study Design: To attain this goal, analysis were performed using a freely available PVSyst 6.7.0 software tool. Economic evaluation was performed using respective present worth of individual component prices. Environmental performance comparison is made between the PV system and diesel generator when each is used as an independent backup system. Input in-situ measured data were determined, measured and keyed into the tool. Place and Duration of Study: The system is installed in an institutional building in a tropical climatic zone with coordinates 0.42 N and 35.03 E. The system was studied for a period of one year where data was collected and recorded for techno-enviroeconomic analysis. Methodology: The system consists of four PV modules rated at 0.78 KWp, charge controller and an inverter unit and battery bank, and is utilized as a power backup system to supply electricity whenever power failure occurs, which is frequent and real in Kenya. The techno-enviroeconomic performances analysis of the system were evaluated using the PVSyst software, a freely available design and analytical tool, where input data were measured and recorded at the site. Results: The performance analysis of the system showed that PV array efficiency of 13.24%, FF of 0.68, CF of 21.23%, and PR of 73.63% and generated electrical energy of 1092 kWh/year. The LCOE of PV electricity was 0.059 $/kWh, while total saving of CO2 emission in tons of CO2 was 9.0 tCO2 with LCE value of 331 gCO2/ kWh. Conclusion: Techno- enviroeconomic performance results of the studied PV system show that the system can contribute significantly to the mitigation of CO2 emission. This work also could be helpful for consumers and policy makers in the choice of renewable based or fossil based backup generation systems.

Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a deployable and scalable process to recover Monomer-Grade styrene from waste polystyrene

Less than 5% of polystyrene is recycled, motivating a search for energy efficient and economical methods for polystyrene recycling that can be deployed at scale. One option is chemical recycling, consisting of thermal depolymerization and purification to produce monomer-grade styrene (>99%) and other co-products. Thermal depolymerization and distillation are readily scalable, well-established technologies; however, to be considered practical, they must be thermodynamically efficient, economically feasible, and environmentally responsible. Accordingly, mass and energy balances of a pyrolysis reactor for thermal depolymerization and two distillation columns to separate styrene from α-methyl styrene, styrene dimer, toluene, and ethyl benzene co-products, were simulated using ASPEN to evaluate thermodynamic and economic feasibility. These simulations indicate that monomer-grade styrene can be recovered with energy inputs <10MJ/kg, comparable to the energy content of pyrolysis co-products. Thermodynamic sensitivity analysis indicates the scope to reduce these values and enhance the robustness of the predictions. A probabilistic economic analysis of multiple scenarios combined with detailed sensitivity analysis indicates that the cost for recycled styrene is approximately twice the historical market value of fossil-derived styrene when styrene costs are fixed at 15% of the total product cost or less than the historical value when feedstock costs are assumed to be zero. A Monte Carlo and Net Present Value-based economic performance analysis indicates that chemical recycling is economically viable for scenarios assuming realistic feedstock costs. Furthermore, the CO2 abatement cost is roughly $1.5 per ton of averted CO2, relative to a pyrolysis process system to produce fuels. As much as 60% of all polystyrene used today could be replaced by chemically recycled styrene, thus quantifying the potential benefits of this readily scalable approach.

Empirical analysis of economic performance and metal prices in Peru using svar and okun's law

Empirical analysis of economic performance and metal prices in Peru using svar and okun's law

The belt and road initiative: a spatial empirical analysis of economic performance in Central Asia and the South Caucasus

This article focuses on China’s FDIs and mutual trade with five Central Asian countries, three South Caucasus countries and Iran within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study examines how the interaction of mutual foreign trade and China’s FDIs affects longitudinal income changes in these countries and to what extent the empirical evidence can demonstrate the significance of China’s investments and trade on their economic growth. Employing panel-spatial econometric models, the study assesses whether a discernible increase in total income occurred before and after 2013, exploring potential spillover effects from the spatial neighborhoods. The findings from the panel regression model reveal that the labor stock and the amount of foreign direct investments from China do not exhibit a statistically significant effect on the economic growth of these countries. However, the BRI positively impacted these economies, primarily through enhanced trade with China rather than FDIs from China.

Drivers of Functioning or Discontinuation of Small-Scale Agri Entrepreneurship in Rural India

Youth in rural India have been witnessing a paradoxical situation of unemployment on one hand and untapped potential for transforming agriculture to agribusiness on the other. Realizing this, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) implemented the “Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA)” project since 2016-17. The impact of the project on the extent of livelihood was assessed by comparing ‘functional’ and ‘discontinued’ enterprises with primary data from 1033 units, spread across 25 states of the country. The study attempted to know whether functioning or discontinuation was anything to do with the choice of an enterprise or was it influenced by other factors. Nine types of activities were subjected to economic performance analysis. Despite passing through COVID pandemic, the functional units provided significantly higher quanta of income and employment compared to discontinued enterprises. Composite entrepreneurial factor index, a measure of entrepreneurial ability, was subjected to test the hypothesis that entrepreneurial competencies, age, education, landholding, livelihood-capital status and utilization of information-sources influence the performance of small-scale agri enterprises.

Energy, economic, and environmental (3E) performance assessment, comparison, and analysis of airport cargo terminal microgrid system under the islanded and grid-connected modes

Microgrids, which can be grid-connected or isolated, may experience dependability issues as a result of intermittent renewable energy. The implementation of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) could alleviate this problem but is still a challenging task because of its interference, uncertain, and unpredictable nature. Currently, the absence of comprehensive assessment impedes large-scale applications. In this study, a novel 3E assessment method-based complete quantitative assessment is suggested and inventively integrated with a newly proposed triangle evaluation scheme. Loads of an airport cargo terminal, which are used to test the assessment approach, are classified into critical and non-critical categories according to their necessity. The microgrid system flexibility is considered by the trade-off of non-critical loads. Results show that the assessment method is more intuitive in quantifying the system's performance. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) in the islanded mode is lower than the current electricity price (from 0.5407 to 0.5439 CNY/kWh) and the annual carbon emission is reduced to one-third of that in the grid-connected mode. Its flexibility can effectively reduce dependence on backup power generation, where the daily peak shedding increases from 217.88 kW to 555.04 kW and daily hours without charging from 6.7 h to 8.9 h. The carbon emission decreases by 32 % considering the impacts of the system flexibility. Besides, the critical distance exists when the LCOE exceeds the current market electricity price.

Energy, exergy, environmental and economic performance analysis and optimization of a novel CCHP system integrated with ammonia driven MCFC and solar energy

Energy, exergy, environmental and economic performance analysis and optimization of a novel CCHP system integrated with ammonia driven MCFC and solar energy

EU countries’ digital transformation, economic performance, and sustainability analysis

Digital transformation generates challenges and opportunities at the individual and organizational levels. Implementing digital technologies impacts all countries’ economic growth and orientation toward sustainability. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of digital transformation on the economic performance and sustainability of European Union (EU) countries. The paper employs artificial neural network analysis, structural equation modeling, and cluster analysis to investigate the relationships among digital transformation, economic performance, and sustainability. Economic performance is measured using GDP per capita, while SDG scores represent sustainability. The use of computers and the Internet in enterprises, the volume of e-commerce, and the percentages of implementing new digital technologies, such as cloud computing, Big Data, and the Internet of Things, illustrate digital transformation. The research findings reveal the extent of digital transformation in each country and the significant influence of digital transformation on economic performance and sustainability. The main drivers of digital transformation are the use of computers and the Internet in enterprises and e-commerce. However, new digital technologies exert increasingly noticeable effects, particularly in developed European countries. This study elucidates the profound implications of digital transformation on economic performance and sustainability. It underscores the pivotal role of digital technologies, especially in advanced European countries, in driving economic growth and sustainability. The results can be helpful to regulators in developing digitization strategies that underpin sustainable economic performance.

Economic particulate transport performance analysis of k-epsilon models in highly concentrated slurry through pipelines

The paper analyzed the economic transporting performance of k-epsilon turbulence models using the Eulerian two-fluid approach in transporting highly concentrated fine particulate slurry through horizontal pipelines using Kaushal et al. (2005) experimental data of glass beads slurry of 125 μm mean diameter for volumetric concentration ranging 30%–52% and flow velocity ranging 2–5 m/s. The primary components of economical slurry transport are Specific Energy consumption (SEC) and pressure drop; both have been examined in the performance of different κ-ϵ models and are yet to be unlighted on these parameters. The CFD model found the excellent performance of all k-epsilon models with slightly more effectiveness in the case of the Realizable κ-ϵ model. The analyzed and validated CFD model was subsequently used in examining the parameters of slurry flow, such as the secondary phase velocity, concentration distribution, and SEC analysis for the range of fine particles 125, 150, and 212 µm. The plotted contours from CFD are useful in visualizing slurry flow parameters at intermediates inlet values for slurry inlet flow velocity ranging 2–6 m/s and inlet volumetric concentration ranging 30%–55% for fine particles. Analysis revealed that the highly concentrated fine particles slurry transported at optimum volumetric concentration range of 40–45% are economical slurry transport.

Information on The Distribution Of Blood Donors Using GIS In Jayapura City (Case Study: UTD PMI Jayapura City)

The existence of UTD PMI Jayapura City is very helpful for the surrounding community in terms of health. People can also donate blood through the PMI clinic and get blood donors. Donors often have to queue to get their turn to register if they will donate blood at a blood donation event due to constraints in the health service process which is still carried out conventionally, namely by direct recording of potential donors. In addition, the absence of a computerized system to provide information regarding donor data remains a major problem, hampering blood donation services at PMI. The current system cannot produce clear and accurate data to help people assist. Quickly in case of an emergency. The PIECES method is used for reference in building several features in the system by conducting information, economic, security, efficiency, and service performance analysis to find weaknesses in the current system and offer suggestions for improvements to be made on newly built systems and using GIS as it can assist in the presentation of more interactive map information. The expected result of this research is to produce a system that can map the location of donors who have been divided based on their blood type so that the search process will be more efficient and can help search activities at PMI. Donor mapping in this system is also equipped with complete data from donors so that officers can find out the location of donors and can contact donors through existing data

Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance Analysis of a Micro-Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) System Based on Biomass Gasification

In this paper, the performance of an innovative micro-combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, based on an internal combustion engine fueled with syngas from woody biomass, is analyzed. In particular, a numerical model, which considers a direct coupling between the internal combustion engine and the gasifier as a novel aspect, was developed, validated and applied to three different case studies to perform an energetic, economic and environmental analysis. For each considered case, the CCHP system was equipped with a reversible electric air–water pump and a back-up boiler. The energy analysis shows that the user characterized by a high uniformity of the thermal load exploits the CCHP system in the optimal way as it allows for the highest thermal self-consumption rate. On the contrary, for the cases in which the thermal request is not uniform, a high electric surplus is recorded. In this case, the adoption of the heat pump allows to compensate for this disadvantage by recovering the electric surplus, thus achieving a thermal integration and CO2 emissions reduction of about 15.8% with respect to the case in which no heat pump is used. Overall, the results demonstrate the affordability of the biomass-based CCHP system, which is of increasing importance in this period of contingent international political crisis.

ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT ADARO ENERGY Tbk PERIODE 2018-2022

Using the financial ratio method from 2018 to 2022, this study aims to find out the economic ratio analysis of the financial performance of PT Adaro Energy Tbk. Current ratio (CR), Debt to debt-to-equity ratio (DER), and Return on Asset (ROA). The data used in this study is from the financial statements for 2018-2022. The quantitative descriptive data analysis used aims to provide an overview of the financial position. The liquidity ratio of PT Adaro Energy Tbk is seen from the average CR (Current Ratio) of 188.84 % over the last five years, which indicates that the liquidity ratios of PT ADARO Energy Tbk are not good. The solvency ratio of PT Adaro Energy Tbk is also seen from the average DER (Debt to Equity) of 188.84%. This shows that the financial ratio of PT Adaro Energy Tbk is not good. According to the average DER (Debt to Equity Ratio) in the last five years, the solvency ratio of PT Adaro Energy Tbk is 144.46%. This shows that the ratio of debt to equity of PT Adaro Energy Tbk is not good. With an average return on assets (ROA) of 11.94% over the last five years, PT Adaro Energy Tbk has a higher profitability ratio than the industry average. Keywords: financial performance, financial statements financial ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios

LNG 추진선박 도입 전망에 관한 연구

Purpose - This research aims to forecast the scale of LNG-fueled ships from 2020 to 2035 based on an economic performance analysis.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach - This research compares the present value of costs for three alternatives (using low-sulfur fuel, installing scrubbers, and LNG-fueled ships). According to the two scenarios set in this study, the scale of LNG- fueled ship introduction was predicted from 2020 to 2035.&#x0D; Findings - The result showed that the proportion of LNG-fueled ships (based on DWT) will be 34.9% in 2035 by Scenario 1, and 20.1% in 2035 by Scenario 2. A one-year delay in global LNG bunkering infrastructure construction would reduce the introduction of LNG-fueled ships by about 2% in 2035. As a result of comparing the current situation with the results of this study, it was found to show a pattern similar to Scenario 2 assuming a pessimistic outlook.&#x0D; Research Implications - In order to activate the introduction of LNG-fueled ships, it is necessary to expand the LNG bunkering infrastructure, which is considered the most important factor hindering the introduction of LNG-fueled ships. Also, it would be a meaningful task to try forecasting considering the volume of goods transported. In addition, it would be interesting to evaluate the performance on climate change and the environment following the introduction of LNG-fueled ships.

Energy-economy-environment assessments of refrigerants R152a and R134a in a vapor compression refrigeration system using a variable displacement oil-free linear compressor.

In light of the adverse environmental impact of the R134a refrigerant, replacing it with a more environmentally friendly refrigerant has become imperative than ever. This study presents an experimental investigation into the utilization of R152a and R134a refrigerants in a vapor compression refrigeration system employing a variable displacement oil-free linear compressor. The potential for the replacement of R134a with R152a was examined based on energy, environmental, and economic performance analyses. The outcomes indicated that R152a exhibited a higher coefficient of performance (COP) in comparison to R134a under identical operating conditions. Specifically, when the pressure ratio was 2.0 and the piston stroke was 11 mm, R152a's COP was 13.0% higher than R134a. It was also discovered that reducing the operating stroke and increasing the pressure ratio could effectively lower CO2 emissions and total costs. Under the 2.0 pressure ratio and 9-mm piston stroke, R134a produced 1082.4 kg more CO2 emissions than R152a, representing a 209% increase. In addition, the R152a and R134a total cost was reduced by 8.3% with the 2.5 pressure ratio and 11-mm piston stroke. Notably, the results of the current study demonstrated that R152a outperformed R134a in energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and economy in oil-free linear compressor refrigeration systems. R152a used less electric power, generated fewer CO2 emissions, and naturally reduced predicted running costs in order to maintain the same COP.

Thermal design and performance optimization of the four-step Cu–Cl cycle coupled with clean energy for hydrogen production

The four-step Cu–Cl cycle, one of the most promising thermo-electrochemical water-splitting cycles for producing hydrogen, is improved with its energy utilization intensified based on the integration with the Organic Rankine Cycle. Equations are deduced to analyze the influence of reaction temperatures on the system performance. With the reaction thermodynamic equilibrium and the two phase-transitions of molten CuCl considered, the mathematical model is developed and can be applied to conduct a comprehensive analysis of utilities, reaction temperatures, current density, energy/exergy efficiency, and economic performance and facilitate the evaluation and optimization of the improved system. The improved system's heating utility consumption, cooling utility consumption, and energy efficiency are 43.68 MW, 28.76 MW, and 13.57%, respectively. After the optimization, the heating and cooling utility consumptions are reduced by 12.41% and 18.08%, respectively, and the energy efficiency is increased by 14%. Six different clean-energy-based power generation systems are integrated with the improved process. Their optimal LCOHs (Levelized cost of hydrogen) are reduced by 13.29%, 15.35%, 16.05%, 16.53%, 22.93%, and 20.44%, respectively. The integrated system with power generated based on hybrid bifacial photovoltaic (BiPV) and geothermal has the highest exergy efficiency (63.24%) and minimum LCOH (3.30 $/kg); the corresponding hydrolysis, decomposition, electrolysis, and drying temperatures, and current density are 400 °C, 520 °C, 76 °C, 100 °C and 2,000 A/m2. The results can guide the further improvement of the Cu–Cl cycle.

Performance analysis and optimization of a coupled open and close liquid desiccant sorption system using LiCl solution

The efficient utilization of low-grade heat for air conditioning has been a topic of world concern, especially for low-grade heat below 80℃. In this study, a novel coupled open and close liquid desiccant sorption system driven by 70 ∼ 80℃ low-grade heat is proposed. This system employs a generator to provide strong solution for both the dehumidifier and absorber, achieving the air temperature and humidity independent control to reduce driving temperature and enhance system performance. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the proposed new system, and a comparative analysis is conducted with a traditional combined absorption refrigeration with liquid desiccant dehumidification system using LiCl solution. It is found that the COP of the new system is 0.76, which is higher than 0.65 of the traditional system when the hot water temperature is 75℃, the reason is that the new system avoids the sensible heat consumption of regenerated air which accounts for 17% of the total heat consumption in the traditional system. Furthermore, it is observed that the outlet concentration difference between the absorber and dehumidifier exists in the new system. The cycle is optimized to improve the concentration difference, leading to a 5.5% increase in the COP. After that, economic performance analysis shows a payback period of 2.65 years for a 150 kW cooling capacity system, with a reduction of 86.6 tons of CO2 emissions per year due to the decrease in power consumption.

Simulation analysis of dynamical performance and economic performance for the electric vehicle

Aimming at the problem that it is difficult to evaluate whether the dynamical performance and economic performance meet the expected indicators after selecting powertrain for the special vehicle, a vehicle simulation model was built based on the vehicle dynamics theory for the simulation analysis of dynamical performanc and economic performance. The maximum speed, acceleration time, maximum climbing slope and the biggest continue voyage course were obtained by simulating. The simulation results show that its dynamical performance and economic performance meet the expected targets, and the vehicle simulation model has high accuracy and short modeling cycle, which can provide reference for the development of the electric vehicle.

Economic cost and performance analysis of a novel trigeneration scheme utilizing CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolysis units

A novel integrated process is presented for power, hydrogen, and heat generation through water electrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a power plant flue gas. The proposed system consists of a CO2 capture unit, a solid oxide electrolysis unit (SOEU), a steam power cycle, a heat recovery unit (HRU), and an ammonia power cycle. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the power plant are 34.84% and 83%, respectively. In addition, it is demonstrated that the total exergy destruction and exergy destruction rate of the proposed cycle are 1357576 kW and 0.081 GJ/kWh. The total net output power of the proposed power plant is determined at 60046.6 kW. Heat recovery values in SOEU and CCU units respectively equal 1158 and 22.17 MW. Based on the exergy analysis, the largest exergy destruction happens in the HRU unit (79%) with a value of 1066340 kW. The environmental analysis indicates that the direct CO2 emission rate is zero and the indirect one is 0.53 kgCO2/kWh. Meanwhile, the economic analysis shows that the total annual cost of the proposed power plant is 75.36 M$ and the production cost of electricity equals 0.15 $/kW.

Time Series Analysis of Human Capital Development and Economic Performance; A Recent Evidence from Nigeria

Human capital development holds the key to the growth and development of any economy in the world as it drives the efficiency of other factors of production. This scenario is not the same when viewed in terms of Nigeria's growth trajectory. It is against this backdrop that the paper investigates the effect of human capital development on Nigeria's economic growth. Time series data were used and the data spanning from the period of 1986 – 2020. The variables employed in the study are GDP proxy for Economic growth, while GEE, GEH, and ALR as explanatory variables. ARDL bound testing Model was used to estimate the relationship between the variables and the result uncovered the GEE had a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria, while GEH and ALR had a positive and significant impact on economic progress within the study period and it was recommended that Government should promote practice-oriented training for students, particularly in technical disciplines and matching education system in line with market demand. The government should increase budgetary allocation to meet up with the United Nations' specifications of 26% for the edifice of successful human capacity development in Nigeria.

Time Series Analysis of Human Capital Development and Economic Performance; A Recent Evidence from Nigeria

Time Series Analysis of Human Capital Development and Economic Performance; A Recent Evidence from Nigeria