Analysis Of Economic Performance Research Articles

A joint analysis of environmental and economic performances of closed-loop supply chains under carbon tax regulation

Under carbon tax regulation, we jointly measure the environmental and economic performances of three closed-loop supply chains, where remanufacturing is implemented through the reverse channels of retailer collection, manufacture collection, and a third-party collection. The equilibrium results for each supply chain are derived and the impacts of emission-related factors are characterized. Through numerical study, we explore the impacts of the emission intensities of both new and remanufactured products on the entire emissions. Also, the government’s policy concerning environmental protection is discussed. The results show that the collection rate and the first-period product quantity are piecewise monotonous related to the tax price and emission intensities. Either the manufacturer collection or the retailer collection can be the most eco-efficient revers channel while the third-party collection is the least-preferred. The retailer collection can be both environmentally and economically better off to achieve a Pareto-improvement. Otherwise, when the manufacturer collection is the most eco-efficient reverse channel, it can be motivated by the government through subsidizing. Interestingly, the numerical studies show that reducing the emission intensity of remanufactured products can be eco-efficient, while lowering the emission intensity of new products may do harm to the environment. Besides, with one subsidy, two tax prices can be set by the government, among which the higher tax price leads to better environmental sustainability.

Drying performance and economic analysis of novel hybrid passive-mode and active-mode solar dryers for drying fruits in East Africa

In East Africa, post-harvest loss of fresh perishable fruits is enormous, causing recurrent seasonal deficits. In response, a modified passive-mode hybrid solar dryer hereafter called; ‘an Improved Solar Dryer (ISD)’, was developed as a potential low-cost technology alternative for drying fruits in Uganda. An improved PV-assisted hot air dryer using active-mode hybrid solar dryer hereafter called; ‘Solar Photovoltaic and Electric (SPE)’ was also fabricated. The ISD dryer utilises freely-available solar energy to dry the produce. In contrast, the SPE dryer uses both solar photovoltaic and electricity sources. In this study, the drying performance of the ISD and SPE dryers were performed and compared to that of the traditional open sun drying (OSD) method. Relative to the OSD method, the economic performance of the ISD and SPE dryers was analysed. The drying performance results show that the mean drying air temperatures achieved by the ISD and SPE dryers were 31.9 and 41.1 °C respectively; relative to the 27.6 °C for the OSD method. On average, the thermal energy attained by the ISD and SPE dryers were 3551 and 5757 Watts (W) respectively, as compared to 2952 (W) obtained for the OSD method. It took the ISD and SPE dryers 10 and 18 h to effectively dry the fruit (pineapple) products, respectively as opposed to the 30 h taken by the OSD method. The results confirm the superior performance of the ISD and SPE dryers than the OSD method. Results for the economic performance analysis show more reduced costs of drying the products using the ISD than the SPE dryer. Similarly, the pay-back period for the ISD was 2.4 times shorter than that of the SPE dryer. Joint results for economic analysis and drying performance confirm the ISD as a better drying technology than the SPE dryer in the context of the resource-constrained farmers/agro-processors without electricity in Uganda and East Africa.

Organizational and economic mechanism of financial and economic efficiency management at agricultural enter-prise

Introduction. Organizational and economic mechanism for managing the financial and economic performance of the agricultural enterprise in general is the organizational form of interaction between agri-food market participants, business units, as well as management and economic methods and tools for organizing such interaction. In particular, the organiza-tional and economic mechanism for managing the financial and economic performance of the agricultural enterprise is a set of organizational and economic measures to improve the results of agricultural production. This implies the presence of interrelated organizational, managerial, administrative, economic and other measures. The purpose of this article is development of a methodology for a systematic study of the organizational and eco-nomic mechanism for managing the financial and economic performance of an agricultural enterprise. Results. When evaluating and managing the financial and economic results of the agricultural enterprise, the key category is value added, the rate of its growth in certain periods, which are adopted for the analysis and evaluation of finan-cial and economic performance. However, value added is determined not only by the financial and economic performance of the enterprise, but also the structure and cost of its capital. Conclusions. The organizational and economic mechanism of performance management of the agricultural enter-prise should include management methods that allow increasing its efficiency by preparing and justifying quality and time-ly management decisions. These methods should include, in particular, the following ones: administrative, economic, organ-izational and managerial, market, social and psychological. The proposed subsystem of management accounting at the agri-cultural enterprise in the system of organizational and economic mechanism of management of its financial and economic results provides the information basis of development, substantiation and acceptance of the effective administrative decisions directed on reception of the maximum profit. Keywords: criteria, indicators, concept, financial and economic performance, security, agricultural production.

Study on integrated solar combined cycle system with a new operation strategy of changeable integration mode under different Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) conditions

AbstractIntegrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) system, which integrates solar thermal energy into traditional gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) system, has become an efficient way to reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and improve the thermal efficiency of the GTCC system. However, the volatility of solar energy usually results in low ISCC system thermal efficiency when no or low direct normal irradiance (DNI) is available because the ISCC system is usually not equipped with thermal energy storage system. In this paper, the ISCC system with a new operation strategy of changeable integration mode under different DNI conditions is proposed. The ISCC system model is constructed using the EBSILON software. Performance of ISCC system using the new operation strategy is investigated deeply. The results show that the ISCC system using the new operation strategy has higher annual solar to electricity efficiency (19.08%), 1.1% higher than that of the traditional ISCC system. Due to different DNI distributions in a whole year, the larger the distribution proportion of the low‐value DNI is, the greater the thermodynamic performance advantage of ISCC system with the optimization strategy is. Through the economic performance analysis, the LCOE of the ISCC system with the new optimization strategy is 0.223 $/kW·h, 0.01 $/kW·h lower than that of the traditional ISCC system. The LCOE decreases at first and then increases with the increase of the number of the parabolic trough collector. The optimal number of the parabolic trough collector corresponding to the new optimization strategy is 500. So this new operation strategy provides a new way for adequately utilizing the solar energy in ISCC system.

Utilization of Cloud Computing in Economics Education and Health Economics: A Valuable Resource

This paper examines the use of cloud computing as a tool in economics education and analysis of performance in health economics. The paper methodology was documentary analysis. Three independent experts assisted in the extraction of information used in this research paper. Results indicate a growing need to advance the economic utility of cloud computing as a technological tool in economics education and analysis of economic performance in health economics. Empirical studies are required to corroborate the extent to which cloud computing is being utilized as a technological tool in several institutions and organizations for analysis of economic performance and educational purposes.

Multi-Scale Analysis of Integrated C1 (CH4 and CO2) Utilization Catalytic Processes: Impacts of Catalysts Characteristics up to Industrial-Scale Process Flowsheeting, Part I: Experimental Analysis of Catalytic Low-Pressure CO2 to Methanol Conversion

A multi-aspect analysis of low-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 for methanol production is reported in the first part (part I) of this paper. This includes an extensive review of distinguished low-pressure catalytic CO2-hydrogenation systems. Specifically, the results of the conducted systematic experimental investigation on the impacts of synthesis and micro-scale characteristics of the selected Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 model-catalysts on their activity and stability are discussed. The performance of the investigated Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts, synthesized via different methods, were tested under a targeted range of operating conditions in this research. Specifically, the performances of these tested Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts with regard to the impacts of the main operating parameters, namely H2/CO2 ratio (at stoichiometric -3-, average -6- and high -9- ratios), temperature (in the range of 160–260 °C) and the lower and upper values of physically achievable gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) (corresponding to 200 h−1 and 684 h−1, respectively), were analyzed. It was found that the catalyst prepared by the hydrolysis co-precipitation method, with a homogenously distributed copper content over its entire surface, provides a promising methanol yield of 21% at a reaction temperature of 200 °C, lowest tested GHSV, highest tested H2/CO2 ratio (9) and operating pressure (10 bar). This is in line with other promising results so far reported for this catalytic system even in pilot-plant scale, highlighting its potential for large-scale methanol production. To analyze the findings in more details, the thermal-reaction performance of the system, specifically with regard to the impact of GHSV on the CO2-conversion and methanol selectivity, and yield were experimentally investigated. Moreover, the stability of the selected catalysts, as another crucial factor for potential industrial operation of this system, was tested under continual long-term operation for 150 h, the reaction-reductive shifting-atmospheres and also even after introducing oxygen to the catalyst surface followed by hydrogen reduction-reaction tests. Only the latter state was found to affect the stable performance of the screened catalysts in this research. In addition, the reported experimental reactor performances have been analyzed in the light of equilibrium-based calculated achievable performance of this reaction system. In the performed multi-scale analysis in this research, the requirements for establishing a selective-stable catalytic performance based on the catalyst- and reactor-scale analyses have been identified. This will be combined with the techno–economic performance analysis of the industrial-scale novel integrated process, utilizing the selected catalyst in this research, in the form of an add-on catalytic system under 10 bar pressure and H2/CO2 ratio (3), for efficiently reducing the overall CO2-emission from oxidative coupling of methane reactors, as reported in the second part (part II) of this paper.

Economic analysis of expressway building envelope in cold area based on RSM

The DeST-c energy consumption simulation software was used to build the building model based on the toll station and service area building in expressway of Zhangjiakou in the cold area, simulates and calculates the impact of single factor on energy consumption, and carries out economic analysis based on life cycle theory to determine the level of influencing factors. Finally, the BBD test design method and the orthogonal test design method were used to design the test scheme respectively and the economic analysis of the comprehensive thermal performance of the envelope structure, and the optimal energy saving scheme of the comprehensive thermal performance of the building envelope in the cold area was obtained.

PREREQUISITES AND GOALS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE

The article considers the process of forming and development of aviation industry of Ukraine. The historic, technical-economic and regulatory preconditions for the industry development were identified. The economic analysis of the financial performance of the economic agents of the industry for the last five years was conducted. The article develops the complex of development goals for the aviation industry and formalizes the implementation process by the certain development paths of air carriers, airports and aircraft manufacturers, including: SE “Boryspil international airport”, SE “Ukraeroruh”, Ukrainian state project-technological scientific-research institute of civil aviation “Ukraeroproiekt”, State aviation company “Kherson-avia”, JSC “Aviakompanija avialinii Ukrainy”, SE “Ternopil’ state aviation enterprise “Universal-Avia”, SE “L’viv Danylo Halytskiy international airport”, JSC “Motor Sich”, CE “Kyiv international airport” and CE “Odesa international airport”. The analysis of the financial data shows a strong growth of assets of airports, but mostly of current assets. The revenue increased almost by a third, but the gross operational profit remains stable as gross profit of financial activity almost doubles. Boryspil international airport dominates the industry as it generates almost half of the revenue from the airport activity. SE “Ukraeroruh” and JSC “Motor-Sich” are two other major agents in the industry. They showed greater increase in revenues than the airports and made a greater contribution into overall industry’s revenue increase. The same conclusion comes about increase in current and fixed assets. The profit analysis reveals that Boryspil international airport and “Motor-Sich” accumulate approximately 90% of the industry overall profit as the other agents are balancing around break-even point. The general financial performance of aviation industry enterprises in Ukraine demonstrates a strong trend for revenue increase, while profit figures are mixed. The financial sustainability looks strong among all types of agents. But as the part of short-term liabilities increases that signals the airports are lacking resources for investments and aim to balance their financial risks by balancing the short-term and long term liabilities. The positive dynamics of air traffic through Ukrainian airports creates great perspectives for the industry development, but it shall be secured by the appropriate investment funding. Ukraine has a great transit potential, as four major European transport corridors passes through the country. The exploitation of this potential under severe political risks challenges the aviation industry development in Ukraine. The aviation industry is an important contributor for national economic growth, expansion of its external trade, development of innovation technologies and increasing of employment ratio. The regulatory support for infrastructure and technology development is also important to provide services au to modern standards of the aviation industry.

The Olympic Games and the economic performance of the host city – the case of London 2012 against selected global cities

The highly competitive global environment reinforces the trend to seek new investment opportunities that have various impacts on the local economy, and staging the Olympic Games is seen as one such example. The 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London have been widely discussed and investigated due to the very ambitious plans for socioeconomic and infrastructural development prompted by the Olympic legacy framework. Based on these observations, there are two main aims of this article. The first one is to evaluate London’s post-event legacy based on a literature review. The second research goal is to assess London’s economic performance compared with reference groups of global cities by using selected economic indicators. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in this research, such as a critical literature review, a series of figures and tables with economic indicators and descriptive statistics. Based on the literature review and the author’s own elaborations, it can be concluded that the Olympic legacy framework and the Games themselves fostered economic and urban development, especially in East London. However, positive impacts and legacies were intermingled with several adverse effects. In turn, a comparative analysis of economic performance between London as the host city and reference groups of global cities demonstrates that, in the adopted time intervals, the dynamics of changes in applied economic indicators is relatively quite similar in groups of European, North American and Australian cities. In contrast, Asian cities, as one reference group, outperformed London and other global cities for the vast majority of the adopted time span.

An Analysis of Economic Performance on Community Welfare

One of the ways in which the government in Central Kalimantan Province moves the regional economy is to develop an expansionary region which is expected to be able to further improve the economy of the community with the potential to support the pace of economic growth in the region for the welfare of its people. The aim of this study was to analyze The Economic Performance of Community Welfare in the Development District of Central Kalimantan in 2010-2017. This study uses a quantitative method and panel data. Proxy Economic Performance is a variable of Economic Growth, Unemployment Rate and Poverty Level as an independent variable, Community Welfare is proxied to be the Human Development Index as the dependent variable. The results of the study show that partially Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate do not significantly influence Community Welfare while the Poverty Level affects the Welfare of the Community. Simultaneously Economic Growth, Unemployment Rate,and Poverty Level have a significant effect on communityWelfare.
 
 Keywords: Economic Performance; Economic Growth; Unemployment Rate; Poverty Level; Community Welfare

Different MPPT Controlling Techniques for Standalone Solar System for Improvement in Power Generation

A simple and economic performance analysis of varied MPPT dominant techniques for standalone renewable energy sources presented during this paper. These years so as to satisfy the event in power demands and to shrink the overall warming, sustainable power sources based generally framework is functioning. Out of the sustainable power sources, sunlight based power is the prime cause. For the efficient use of yield vitality of PV array, it's fundamental to work PV frameworks inside maximum point tracking(MPPT). This work introduces an overall investigation of control calculations. The DC bus energy is reliably maintained to accomplish the consistent electrical yield. The Model of the structure is formulated in Matlab/Simulink to look at the work analysis of the techniques.

Współczesne problemy krajów Europy Zachodniej z perspektywy teorii Mancura Olsona

Current problems in West European countries from the perspective of Mancur Olson’s theoryThis paper employs the theory of collective action created by the American economist Mancur Olson, to examine the current problems of Western European countries and their causes. The article focuses on economic and political issues, such as economic stagnation, the inability to introduce reforms and the failure of ambitious European integration projects. The study contains an analysis of economic performances of West European countries in the post-war period and attempts to assess the influence of lobby groups on decision making in the European institutions. It is argued that the growing influence of powerful lobby groups and vested interests can account for the declining economic efficiency and inability of political institutions to solve this problem.

A novel integrated solar tri-generation system for cooling, freshwater and electricity production purpose: Energy, economic and environmental performance analysis

This article presents the results of a thermodynamic-economic-environmental analysis of integrating linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) with a tri-generation system. The optimal integrated solar field size has been identified and the pertinent reduction in CO2 emissions due to solar integration is estimated. For the considered tri-generation plant (that is required to produce 110 MWe of electricity from steam turbines, 45461 m3/day of freshwater and 2300 kg/s of chilled water), the study revealed that the optimal configuration is the integration of 83.6 hectares of LFR solar field with the tri-generation plant of 130 MWe, which gives a levelized electricity cost of 6.37 USȻ/kWh with 96.40 k-tonne reduction of the annual CO2 emission. The study also revealed that the integration of LFR technology with a conventional tri-generation system (TGS) in high insolation regions has more economic feasibility compared to equivalent TGS integrated with CO2 capturing technology while achieving the same emissions reduction result.

Economic sustainability of quality wine districts in the South of Italy. The case of Vulture

The paper presents an analysis of economic performance and long-term sustainability of the quality wine production in the Vulture District, in the South of Italy. This case is considered as it is representative of many Italian quality wine districts that produce a very large variety of high quality wines, and present, in almost all cases, a fragmented structure in small and micro farms. The analysis aims to two objectives. First is the assessing of current financial profitability of micro grape wine farms. Second is the analysing of the feasibility and impact of process innovations and structural adjustments. According to the results of the analysis, a large majority of grape wine farms are currently producing with negative returns on the investment. Financial and economic sustainability could be improved at least for a share of them with the available process innovations, combined with consolidation of the farm structures to reduce land fragmentation. The results are relevant for the design of public policies and private investment strategies.

Economic Sustainability of Quality Wine Districts in the South of Italy. The Case Of Vulture

The paper presents an analysis of economic performance and long-term sustainability of the quality wine production in the Vulture District, in the South of Italy. This case is considered as it is representative of many Italian quality wine districts that produce a very large variety of high quality wines, and present, in almost all cases, a fragmented structure in small and micro farms. The analysis aims to two objectives. First is the assessing of current financial profitability of micro grape wine farms. Second is the analysing of the feasibility and impact of process innovations and structural adjustments. According to the results of the analysis, a large majority of grape wine farms are currently producing with negative returns on the investment. Financial and economic sustainability could be improved at least for a share of them with the available process innovations, combined with consolidation of the farm structures to reduce land fragmentation. The results are relevant for the design of public policies and private investment strategies.

Municipal solid waste management: Integrated analysis of environmental and economic indicators based on life cycle assessment

This paper develops a method to analyze municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) that integrates environmental and economic indicators using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The method was tested in the city of Sorocaba, Brazil, a medium size municipality typical of many developing countries. Environmental impacts were analyzed considering system expansion, which combined the aspects of primary production and recycling processes with the impacts of MSWMS. The economic analysis included operating and investment costs to the costs of environmental externalities, thus enabling the analysis of total costs to society. An integrated analysis of environmental indicators revealed that the most significant reductions in environmental impacts occurred in the scenarios with higher rates of reuse of dry waste through recycling (70%), which lowered these impacts by up to 50% when compared to the current scenario. An analysis of economic performance indicated that the two scenarios that combined the highest recycling goals with greater transport efficiency and more composting yielded the best results, reducing the total social costs by 31% and 33%, respectively. Lastly, the integration of environmental and economic analyses revealed that the best results are obtained by a combination of composting, mechanical biological treatment and recycling, which would reduce the impacts of MSWMS by up to 33.7 points per invested dollar. The results supports the application of this proposed integrate approach to improve the current solid waste management system in Sorocaba and in other cities with a similar system and waste generation.

Implementation of controlling technologies as a method to increase sustainability of the enterprise activities

We are currently facing that business environment is not stable due to globalisation processes in economics, cyclical changes and other disturbing factors. Hence, it is necessary to search such reserves that would improve efficiency of the business entity. The main objective of these reserves is to buffer negative impacts of external disturbances on financial and economic sustainability of enterprises. One of methods designed to improve the enterprise efficiency involves application of controlling technologies. In the present article the author examines results of statistical analysis of economic performance of more than 70 Russian and foreign enterprises. The author also analyses economic performance according to the author's integral indicator that shows effectiveness of primary implementation of the controlling system. On the ground of this analysis, the author determines the mean level of increase in efficiency of the enterprise's activity due to introduction of the controlling system. The analysis proves that, on average, efficiency of the economic entity's operation increases by about 17%.

Catenary-Free Tramway Systems: Functional and Cost\u2013Benefit Analysis for a Metropolitan Area

New tramway technologies such as “ground-level power supply systems” fit with the purpose of preserving historical heritage and urban environments of city centers. Such public transportation systems do not require a traditional air supply system (+ 750 V) and are therefore referred to as “catenary-free systems” (i.e., APS system, tramwave system, Primove system). Their implementation is becoming increasingly widespread, especially for cities with prestigious historical heritage, where high levels of environmental sustainability, capacity, reliability and safety standards are required. The study compares some of the most well-known and novel catenary-free systems for the creation of a 68-km tramway system, to be implemented in a metropolitan city. For each of the 7 new tramways, AIMSUN microsimulations were run to identify the most appropriate tramway track geometry and road section to minimize the interference with the vehicle activity. Moreover, for each system a financial and economic performance analysis has been carried out for an investment of about 869 million euros, while taking into account different scenarios of transportation demand. In addition, a cost–benefit analysis of the tramway lines investment project has been presented, including the calculation of the financial net present value, the economic net present value, rate of return of the investment and cost–benefit ratio. The analysis demonstrates that the APS ground-level power supply system is a proven alternative with greater economic and financial performance.

An economic analysis of export performance of processed vegetables in India

Indian processed vegetables in International markets accelerate the growth of Indian economy. Studying the changes in share of processed vegetables to different countries, improve the welfare of farmers, processers and exporters. In this regard, an attempt was made to quantify the changing structure of Indian processed vegetables exports. The main objective of the present study was to analysis the growth and the direction of trade in processed vegetables export. In this regard, secondary data, mainly quantity of processed vegetables exports from India was collected from APEDA, for a period of 1995-96 to 2017-18. Growth rates was estimated by using the exponential growth model and the Markov chain analysis model was computed through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major Indian processed vegetables export markets using Lingo Programming computer package. Accordingly, processed vegetables export market have positive double digit growth rate, UK retained 22.5 per cent, countries pooled under ‘others category’ retained 32.4 percent of share of Indian processed vegetables export. That the countries pooled under ‘others category’ and UK would be the more stable importers of the processed vegetables from India in future and country like Germany and Netherland was not found as the stable importer.

Conversion Technologies: Evaluation of Economic Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis for Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the “process graph” (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission).