Amur Region Research Articles

Registry errors in location of land borders and the method of their correction

All information about the characteristics of a particular property and the rights registered to it and encumbrances of rights is contained in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (EGRN). Inaccuracies in the information of the Unified Register of Real Estate can be identified both by the registration authority and by the owners of real estate. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the differentiation of errors (in the USRN data) into “technical” and “registry”. The article considers a technique for correcting a registry error in the location of the boundaries of a land plot using the example of a land plot located in a garage cooperative on the Gorky street, Progress, Amur Region, where it is proposed to carry out the necessary work aimed at making adjustments.

Review of Epidemiological Situation on Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2022 as Compared with 2013–2021, Forecast for 2023

The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on tick-borne rickettsioses (TR) in the Russian Federation in 2022 in comparison with the pandemic years of 2020–2021 and the pre-pandemic period of 2013–2019, to give the forecast for 2023. During 2013–2022, a pattern was observed in the incidence of rickettsiosis of the tick-borne spotted fever group (with the exception of Astrakhan spotted fever – ASF), that is also characteristic of most other natural focal infections (NFIs): a sharp decrease in registered incidence rates in 2020–2021 with the subsequent increase in 2022 almost up to pre-pandemic levels or even exceedance in some regions. The absence of a defining influence of the frequency of contacts of the population with vectors on the decrease in the incidence in the period of 2020–2021 and the rise in the value in 2022 confirms the registration-related nature of the changes. Given due attention to the problem of effective detection and reporting of NFIs, we expect the incidence of tick-borne rickettsioses to remain within the confidence intervals of long-term average values in most endemic regions in 2023. Relaxed vigilance to the problem of NFIs may lead to a decline in the reported incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus in the Krasnoyarsk and Zabaikalsky Territories, Republics of Tuva and Khakassia, Novosibirsk and Amur Regions; reduction in the incidence of ASF in Astrakhan Region. The main issue in detecting and registration of the tick-borne rickettsiosis incidence, objective assessment and forecasting of the epidemic situation as regards this group of infections is conditioned by the lack of domestic certified diagnostic test kits for laboratory verification of rickettsioses. Close cooperation between epidemiologists and clinicians is required to establish and register cases of TR based on clinical and epidemiological data.

Variability of Supernumerary Chromosome Morphotypes and the Emergence of Micro-B-Chromosomes in the Karyotype of <i>Apodemus peninsulae</i> (Rodentia) in the Russian Far East

Variability in the number and morphotypes of macro, as well as mini and micro B-chromosomes of Apodemus peninsulae in the valley Zeya River from Amur region is described. Micro B chromosomes were found in the karyotypes of the Korean field mice from the Far East of Russia for the first time. Two opposite trends in the geographic variability of B chromosome morphotypes have been identified. The first one is due to the presence/absence of mini and/or micro, in addition to macro B-chromosomes, in animals from the right and left river banks in the northeastern part of the Upper Zeya Plain, as well as in the northern part of the Amur-Zeya Plain. The second is a clinal variability is characterized by a gradual increase in three combined geographic populations of A. peninsulae of numerical parameters of B-chromosomes: index x̄В Max micro, x̄В Max macro, the number of morphotypes, the number of clones in mosaics, and the proportion of mosaics in the direction from north to south of the Zeya River valley. The revealed diversity of A. peninsulae B-chromosome morphotypes for 13 regions allows us to re-evaluate the geographical variability of additional chromosomes of this species in the Russian Far East Adaptive value of B-chromosome morphotypes for the species has been also assumed.

Классификация ментальных глаголов в русских говорах Приамурья

The paper is devoted to the description of mental verbs in the Russian dialects of the Amur region. The aim of the research is to develop a classification of mental verbs recorded in the materials of the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur region”. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it analyses a group of mental verbs using virtually unexplored dialect material of Russian dialects of secondary formation located in the zone of inter-dialect contact, as well as under the influence of the literary language. The research findings have shown that mental verbs in the studied group of dialects can be classified into 7 groups depending on the expressed nuclear meaning (verbs of thinking denoting a thought process and a thought act; verbs with the meanings ‘to understand’, ‘to know’, ‘to remember’, ‘to suppose’, ‘to believe’, ‘to be mistaken’; in addition, there are lexemes with a mental meaning formed in a verb used in set expressions, as well as dialectal verbs correlated with mental verbs in the literary language). The characteristic of the semantic structure peculiar to the individual units of mental verbs recorded in the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur region” can add to the description of the regional version of the Russian language in the Amur region.

Effect of Long-Term Use of Fertilizers on Soil-Dwelling Micromycetes of Meadow Chernozem Soil in Wheat Crops

The effect of long-term systematic application of fertilizers on the mycobiota of meadow chernozem soil in a stationary field experiment (Amur region) was studied for the first time. Information about cultivated soil microscopic fungi is given, an annotated list including 26 species is compiled. It was revealed that the application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30) for wheat against the background of long-term use of fertilizers caused an increase in the total number of soil fungi relative to the control variant by an average of 30–68%, whereas with their aftereffect, a less significant increase in the number of mushroom germs was observed (23–29%). The intervals of the optimal content of macronutrients for the active increase of the pool of microscopic fungi in meadow chernozem soil were determined: phosphorus – 50–65, potassium – 195–210, nitrogen – ≥10 mg/kg with optimal soil moisture of 22–24%. The aftereffect of long-term application of fertilizers, especially organo-mineral fertilizers, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers (N30) directly in the year of the study had a positive effect on species diversity, frequency of occurrence and dynamics of the number of fungal germs in the soil. Negative rearrangements of micromycete complexes as a result of prolonged use of mineral fertilizers in the agrocenoses of meadow chernozem soils were not detected, the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers contributed to a significant decrease in the pool of phytopathogenic fungi.

First report of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens causing bacterial tan spot of soybean in Russia.

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (H.) Collins & Jones is known as a pathogen of different legume crops, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) (Hedges 1922; Dunleavy 1983). OEPP/EPPO (2011) considers C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens as present in Russia based on reports of the disease on common beans in two regions of Russia (North Caucasus and Far East) made without proper pathogen identification. During the summer of 2020 and the spring of 2021, soybean plants with tan spot disease (10-40% of plants) were reported during routine assays of several fields in Stavropol Krai (44.72°N, 43.29°E). After harvest in 2021, we inspected 48 soybean seed lots collected in different regions of Russia for the presence of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Seed testing was performed using the OEPP/EPPO (2011) protocol. For bacteria isolation, seed extracts were spread on MSCFF agar plates (Maringoni et al. 2006). After 5 days of incubation at 28°C potential, C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens colonies were used for further tests on NSA and SSM agar (Tegli et al. 2017, Maringoni et al. 2016). Six seed lots produced in Stavropol, Ryazan (53.95°N, 40.62°E), Orel (52.39°N, 37.69°E) and Amur (51.31°N, 128.22°E) regions were suspect. Ten isolates (SB1 to SB4 from Stavropol, F-125-1 to F-125-3 from Ryazan, and F-30-1 to F-30-3 from Amur) were selected, and further identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, MALDI TOF MS, 16S rRNA sequences, and specific primers CffFOR2 and CffREV4 (Tegli et al. 2017). Isolates consistently formed yellow, circular, smooth colonies on agar, and were identical to C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens type strain DSM 20129T in diagnostic physiological properties (Tegli et al. 2017). DNA was isolated from the bacteria by the CytoSorb Kit (Sintol, Moscow). All tested strains were positive in the PCR assay (Fig. 1). 16S rRNA fragments were amplified using primers 27F/1492R (Marchesi et al. 1998) and PCR products were sequenced (Evrogen, Moscow, Russia). The obtained 16S rRNA sequences (1473 bp, Accession No. OL539808.1-OL539817.1) were 100% identical to DSM 20129T (AM410688.1) according to a BLAST NCBI search. A pathogenicity test was done by leaf-cutting with scissors wetted with inoculum (for soybeans) or by injecting 5 microliters of the bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml) into the stem (for common beans). All ten isolates for the inoculum were grown on nutrient agar for 72 h at 28°C. Soybean cv. Kasatka plants (stage V1) were used for inoculation, and common bean (cv. Purpurnaya) plants were inoculated as well to confirm multi-host virulence. Sterile water served as a control. Ten plantlets were used as replicates for each treatment. The plants were incubated at 24°C, 80% RH, and a 14 hour light/10 hour dark cycle. Tan spots (soybean) and wilt (beans) have developed 7-21 d.p.i (Fig. 2.1-2.6). Control plants remained asymptomatic. Seed inoculation by soaking them in the same bacterial suspension repeatedly produced twisted primary root (Fig. 2.7-2.8), but typical disease symptoms on leaves developed in 4-5 weeks only. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from all infected plants and not from the controls, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The identity of the reisolated strains was confirmed using morphological and physiological characteristics and the DNA sequence data for the 16S rRNA. These results indicated that a causal agent of the tan spot is present on soybean in three important agricultural areas of Russia (South, Central, and the Far East). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens causing a bacterial tan spot of soybean in Russia.

Теория и практика путешественника и просветителя В.К. Арсеньева

The article reports on the pedagogical activity of the researcher and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev (1872–1930). Having arrived in 1900 in Vladivostok for military service, he was studying the Russian Far East for 30 years in expeditions that contributed to the regional development. The researcher’s rich experience, extensive knowledge in various academic fields, and the storyteller talent made Arseniev a well-known educator who delivered popular lectures in various organizations. Educational institutions occupy a special place in this list. In some of them he only made reports, while in others he was on the staff and taught lecture courses that were part of the curriculum. He was a lecturer at the People’s University in Vladivostok, the Vladivostok Teachers’ Institute (then the Far Eastern State Pedagogical Institute named after K.D. Ushinsky), participated in the organization of the State Far Eastern University and lectured at its oriental department. Arseniev’s pedagogical activity was based on the one hand, on constant self-education and his own scientific work, and on the other hand, he always tried and improved teaching methodology and attracted students to research and practical work. Thus, Arseniev anticipated the requirements that today are imposed on higher education employees. His example is very demonstrative today, when the goal of higher education is to prepare students for future practical activities. The article is based on V.K. Arseniev’s publications and materials from his personal archives in the Amur Region Study Society (OIAK) in Vladivostok.

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DASIPHORA MANDSHURICA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE DEVELOPMENT

Results of seasonal changes of phenolic compounds are presented in the article for leaves of Dasiphora mandshurica grown in culture of the south of the Amur Region. The phenolic compounds were analyzed by the method of a high-performance liquid chromatography. Six glycosides of flavonol (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin, astragalin), two aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) and tannins (ellagic acid and its glycoside) were found. It was found that phenolic composition of D. mandshurica is constant, but the changes of qualitative composition occur at the expense of minor compounds. The largest number of phenolic components (25) was established in stage the period of bud swelling of the leaf buds and periods of beginning and the mass of a blossoming. A higher total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of D. mandshurica was established in the stages the period of full isolation of leaves (35.3 mg/g), of total aglycones – in the period of ending of a blossoming (0.48 mg/g), and of total flavonols – in the period of mass blossoming (22.2 mg/g). Quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin glycosides were found in all stages of development. The largest glycosides of flavonol were found in the phases of the vegetation, budding and blossoming, and aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) at the beginning of vegetation and the ending of a blossoming. A fact of contrariety of the dynamics of accumulation of glycosides and their aglycones was revealed. A higher content of most individual phenolic compounds was found as in young leaves in the vegetation and budding, so in mature leaves in the blossoming phase. Avicularin and hyperoside are the predominant glycosides during the growing season. A higher content of the tannins was established in young leaves, ellagic acid dominated in the phase of the vegetation whereas ellagic acid glycoside was the predominant in the phase of the budding.

Оценка потенциала земельных ресурсов сельскохозяйственного предприятия

The article presents an analysis of the qualitative state of the lands within the boundaries of the collective farm “Nadezhda” of the Zavitinsky municipal district of the Amur region. The total area of agricultural land of the enterprise is 3765 hectares. On the territory of the collective farm, the most common brown forest and meadow soils are 2642.4 hectares, or 70.2 % of the total area of the farm. The indicator of soil fertility of the land resources of the collective farm “Nadezhda” was 0.57 units. Significant areas of the farm belong to highly acidic (1620.4 ha) and medium acidic soils (990.7 ha). The largest area of 2000 hectares, or 70.5 %, is reserved for soybean cultivation, and 335 hectares are occupied by couples. The analysis of the spatial structure of the land use territory based on the calculated coefficients of compactness, remoteness, straightness, as well as the dismemberment of the ravine-beam system allowed us to conclude that, in general, the land resources of the economy are located compactly, have a favorable configuration of land.

Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover — “Above all for Her Were Books”

The article tells about the Far Eastern librarian Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover, a follower of the bibliographer Z.N. Matveev, who played a great role in the development of librarianship in Vladivostok. The publication is based on the documents from the Current Archive of the Presidium of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FEB RAS), Central Scientific Library (CSL) of FEB RAS and Society for Study of Amur Region (SSAR) that for the first time reveal unknown facts from N.A. Kanover life and characterize the situation in library science in the Russian Far East in 1930s — 1950s. Heading several libraries including the future CSL FEB RAS and library of Primorskiy branch of State Geographical Society (SFGS), N.A. Kanover put much efforts in collecting collections and making conditions for book storage, as well as promoted book culture by publishing articles and organizing book exhibitions. Thanks to her, Vladivostok received a unique old-believers’ collection that belonged to bibliophile S.Ya. Ponosov. Printed editions of the collection are now kept in the SSAR library (former SFGS library), icons and religious artefacts are in the Primorsky Picture Gallery and the V.K. Arsenyev Museum of Far East History. These organisations presented a part of Ponosov’s collection at the joint exhibition “Legend of Belovodie” (Vladivostok, February 18 — July 30, 2023). The pages of Kanover’s biography connected with the last months of life of V.K. Arsenyev, the famous traveller and explorer of the Far East, are remarkable. While working in the library of SFGS, N.A. Kanover became its last secretary, dealing with the correspondent network of the branch. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about the last years of her life, but N.A. Kanover’s work in the field of Far Eastern library science is not forgotten.

Morphological features of capsules of trichinella larvae in wild animals of the amur region

The problem of trichinosis on the territory of the Far East has a pronounced natural focal character with the predominant circulation of the causative agent of trichinosis in wild animals. The main species circulating in the Amur Region is the capsule- forming species T. spiralis. The ability to form capsules is one of the biological features of Trichinella larvae and a necessary component of the process of their survival. The thickness of the walls of the capsule gradually increases while the larva and intracapsular muscle sarcoplasm with nuclei remain alive. At the same time, the morphological variability of Trichinella capsules under the influence of many ecological and biological factors was noted.The goal is to determine the morphological features of the capsules of Trichinella larvae in wild animals in the Amur region.We conducted studies of the muscle tissues of wild animals by the method of compressor trichinelloscopy and the method of digestion in artificial gastric juice, according to MUK 4.2.2747-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological examination of meat and meat products" to determine the presence of Trichinella larvae. To establish the morphological features, the length and width of the capsules, the thickness of the capsule wall from the sides and at the poles, and the thickness of the larva itself were determined using an eyepiece micrometer. The capsule shape index (V) was calculated as the ratio of the diameter to its length (V=D/L). The shape of capsules of Trichinella larvae in different species of wild animals was determined. The relationship between the morphological parameters of the capsule of the larvae of Trichinella has been established. Indicators of the thickness of the wall of the capsule from the sides and the thickness of the wall of the capsule at the poles can be used to determine the age of Trichinella larvae.

THE FIRST FINDINGS OF FROGS (ANURA) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF RUSSIA

Here we describe the first findings of frogs (Anura) from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia – the distal part of the humerus and the tibiofibula fragment. They come from the Maastrichtian dinosaur locality in the city of Blagoveshchensk in the Amur region. The described remains possess an outer and inner structure typical for Anura. These are the easternmost and the youngest frog remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Asia.

The Causes and Factors in the Genesis of Bonanza Ore Bodies in the Bakhmut Zone of the Pioneer Stockwork Gold Deposit (Amur Region)

The Causes and Factors in the Genesis of Bonanza Ore Bodies in the Bakhmut Zone of the Pioneer Stockwork Gold Deposit (Amur Region)

Культуры польцевского круга Приморья в контексте этнокультурных индикаторов

The spreading area of monuments of the Poltsevskaya culture of the Far East is extensive. In Russia, they are located across the territories of the Amur region and of Primorye, in China they spread throughout Manchuria. The time of the functioning of culture falls on a difficult historical period of transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages, including the era of the great migration of peoples. The degree of study of the Poltsevskaya culture varies across territories. In the Amur region, the dynamics of the development of the Poltsevskaya culture was revealed: Zheltyy Yar (7th–6th century BC); Poltsevskaya (6th–2nd–1st centuries BC); Kukelevsky (1st–4th centuries AD), the contact of the Poltsevskaya culture with medieval Tungus-Manchus people (carriers of the Mohe culture) was traced, two locally-chronological groups of monuments Blagoslaveninskaya and Naifeldskaya with Poltsevo-Mohe traditions were identified (4th–9th centuries AD). In China, three of its varieties were distinguished. In Primorye, the study of culture is controversial, which is manifested in the variety of cultural names including those of Suyfunskaya, Olginskaya, Poltsevskaya, Smolninskaya and Nikolaevskaya. All the cultural communities claim to be independent. However, the identified cultural indicators on the single-layer monuments of Primorye: Monakino 4, Wrangel 3, Mikhailovskoye settlement as evidence for a common Poltsevskaya culture or identity developing in time and space. The Poltsevskaya culture traditions are preserved in the material culture of the Far Eastern Paleoasiates (Nivkhs people) up to the present.

Влияние сроков посева на фотосинтез тритикале в условиях Приамурья

Abstract. In the Amur region the share of soybean in the structure of sown areas has reached 73.7 % over the last decade, the phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses has deteriorated, pesticide load on fields has significantly increased, which causes new ecological risks. Some reduction of this load may be caused by increasing the proportion of grain crops, including triticale. The purpose of the study was to establish the effective sowing date of spring triticale varieties providing optimal photosynthetic activity of agrocenoses in the conditions of Amur region. The method of field experiment by B. A. Dospekhov and determination of photosynthetic activity of crops by A. A. Nichyparovich were used. Scientific novelty. The photosynthetic activity of spring triticale varieties at different sowing dates in years with different meteorological conditions has been evaluated. Results. The greatest area of leaf apparatus is formed at sowing in April, 29 reaching maximum values in a phase of flowering in sort Ukro – 37,2 thousand m2/ha, in sort Yarilo – 30,4 thousand m2/ha, in sort Karmen – 33,0 thousand m2/ha. The correlation analysis revealed direct and strong influence of sowing dates on formation of the assimilative apparatus of plants and yield of spring triticale rxy = 0,833. Statistically significant differences were obtained p = 0.016. In the regression equation with increasing leaf area by 1 m2/ha the grain yield of triticale is expected to increase by 0.056 t/ha. Photosynthetic potential of the varieties differed in the years of research and depended on the value of the assimilating surface and the duration of the leaves. A regular decrease in net photosynthetic productivity from early to late sowing was established. The highest value of net photosynthetic productivity was obtained at sowing 15.04 – 2.03 g/m2 per day. The constituent elements of photosynthesis resulted in grain yields of the variety Yarilo – 2.26 t/ha, Ukro – 2.61 t/ha and Karmen – 2.23 t/ha.

The Concept of the Regional Strategy for the Development of Employment in the Amur Region

The development of employment in the region, aimed at improving the quality and standard of human life, is carried out through strategizing. Based on the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing V.L. Kvint and taking into account the methodology of strategizing the development of labor resources I.V. Novikova, when developing employment, it is necessary to identify, research and develop the main elements of the strategy, which represent the core block — the Concept of the strategy. In this paper, the mission, vision, strategic priorities and their goals are proposed, corresponding to the strategic opportunities identified by the OTSW analysis with the help of strategic analysis of strategic trends, strategic and statistical analysis of employment of the population of the Amur region, taking into account the coherence of interests and backed by competitive advantages. Being the object of regional strategizing, employment, as a socio-economic category, influences such strategic priorities as ensuring a healthy lifestyle and promoting well-being at any age, quality education throughout life, reducing inequality in the social development of the region, ensuring decent employment and promoting economic growth, etc. The presented Concept of the employment development strategy of the Amur Region makes it possible to effectively use existing opportunities by implementing significant strategic initiatives for the development of the region.

Effect of biopreparations and herbicides use on the yield formation of a mid-ripening soybean variety under conditions of the Amur region

The eff of herbicides (Bison, Stratos Ultra) and the preparations of natural origin (Bio-Fish, BioAlgo) on the yield formation, sowing qualities and initial growth of the mid-ripening soybean variety Zhuravushka selected by the Federal Scientifi Center "All-Russian Scientifi Research Institute of Soybean" was studied. The studies were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the experimental fi of the All-Russian Scientifi Research Institute of Soybean located in the southern part of the Amur Region (Sadovoye village, Tambovsky District). It was found that an average of two years of application of the preparations of natural origin Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants increased the safety of the plants to the harvest period and crop yield, as well as improved the seed quality. The greatest preservation to harvesting was observed when the seeds were treated before sowing with Bio-Fish and the vegetative plants with herbicides (93.9%, which is 6.4% more than in the control variant and 7.8% more than in the variant where only herbicide treatment was used). Analysis of the yield structure showed that, on average over the years of research, pre-treatment of seeds with Bio-Fish and the vegetative plants with herbicides Bison, Stratos Ultra increased the number of beans to 5.8 pieces, and the seeds to 12.9 pieces per plant compared to the control variant. Seed weight per plant increased to 2.47 g relative to the control. The use of biological preparations increased the biological yield regardless of the treatment variant by 0.64 t/ha compared to the control and by 0.66 t/ha compared to the herbicide treatment.

Condition of meat breed resources of cattle in Russia (review)

The purpose is to monitor the number and analyze the condition of the main breeds of cattle of meat productivity, bred on the territory of the Russian Federation. Currently, in Russia, mainly Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds are being bred from meat-producing breeds, and from domestic breeds – Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed, as a rule, in the southern territories and it is ineffective in terms of their meat qualities, although the genetic potential is quite high, but without updating the gene pool, attempts to improve the productivity of our breeds of cattle, will be in vain. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The information base of the research is the official materials of yearbooks in breeding work in beef cattle breeding (VNIIplem), periodicals. Results. The breeding zone of the Kazakh white–headed breed includes a continuous strip along the southern territories of our country - from the Volga to the Amur region, including bordering areas with the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as foothill and mountain provinces of Central Asian countries. The distribution area of the Kalmyk breed is quite extensive and covers the southeastern territories of the country - from the North Caucasus regions to Eastern Siberia. It should be noted that the trend of reducing the number of domestic meat breeds as a result of the introduction of a foreign gene pool into our country, where the conditions of keeping and feeding for imported imported cattle, as a rule, do not correspond to the full realization of productive qualities, and therefore, the adaptation process proceeds strenuously and leads to the loss of the industry. It seems more rational to introduce the world's genetic resources to improve economically useful qualities and improve the inherent genetic potential of domestic livestock, including through industrial crossing. In this regard, the Kazakh white-headed breed is quite competitive in relation to many imported breeds, and given its adaptive qualities, it should occupy its niche among other specialized meat breeds in the market of beef producers.

INCREASE IN THE ABUNDANCE OF THE AMUR LEOPARD CAT (<i>PRIONAILURUS BENGALENSIS EUPTILURA</i>, FELIDAE, CARNIVORA) IN THE SOUTHERN AMUR REGION

The Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura Elliot 1871) in the south of the Russian Far East mainly lives in flat and foothill landscapes, which have now been mostly transformed by man. The data were collected in 1987–2022 in the southern Amur region (the left bank of the Amur River in the south of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) and the right bank of the Amur River (the right bank of the estuary of the Ussuri River), Khabarovsk Krai). Traces of cats and dead animals were recorded, and camera traps were used. The data of 4560 diaries of employees of the Department of protection of the Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve, located in the research area, for 1964–2009 were used. Now on the left bank of the Amur River in the south of the JAO, the Amur leopard cat lives constantly, although in the 2010s it was believed that it rarely enters this territory. Number of sightings of cat tracks in the study area on the right bank of the Amur in 2011–2021 compared to the period 2000–2010 increased about two times. It has populated areas within the range where it has never been noted. The increase in the number and the process of settlement of the Amur leopard cat, both on the left bank and on the right bank of the Amur River began in the 2000s, and since the beginning of the 2010s it has been observed constantly. Currently, the cat lives sedentary in the southern Amur region, which is confirmed by the findings of its broods. The cat mainly lives on agricultural land, which is due to its ability to adapt well to anthropogenic changes in the habitat.

A new type of tandem repeats in Myotis petax (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) mitochondrial control region.

Tandem repeats in mitochondrial DNA control region are known to different animal taxa, including bat species of the family Vespertilionidae. The long R1-repeats in the bat ETAS-domain are often presented in a variable copy number and may exhibit both inter-individual and intra-individual sequence diversity. The function of repeats in the control region is still unclear, but it has been shown that repetitive sequences in some animal groups (shrews, cats and sheep) may include parts of ETAS1 and ETAS2 conservative blocks of mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of the control region sequences for 31 Myotis petax specimens allowed the identification of the inter-individual variability and clarification of the composition of the R1-repeats. The copy number of the R1-repeats varies from 4 to 7 in individuals. The specimens examined do not exhibit a size heteroplasmy previously described for Myotis species. The unusual short 30bp R1-repeats have been detected in M. petax for the first time. The ten specimens from Amur Region and Primorsky Territory have one or two copies of these additional repeats. It was determined that the R1-repeats in M. petax control region consist of parts of the ETAS1 and ETAS2 blocks. The origin of the additional repeats seems to be related to the 51bp deletion in the central part of the R1-repeat unit and subsequent duplication. Comparison of repetitive sequences in the control region of closely-related Myotis species identified the occurrence of incomplete repeats also resulting from the short deletions, but distinct from additional repeats of M. petax.