Ameliorative Effect Of Vitamin Research Articles

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Toxicity on Testes and Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserves in Adult Male Albino Rats

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Toxicity on Testes and Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserves in Adult Male Albino Rats

Ameliorative effect of vitamin C and E on hematological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos alone and in conjunction with fluoride in Wistar rats

Objective: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a common organophosphorus pesticide used worldwide for the management of agricultural and household pests. Similarly excessive fluoride (F) ingestion is an important public health problem all over the world due to high fluoride content in groundwater. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in hematological parameters by CPF alone and in conjunction with fluoride and their amelioration by vitamin C and E. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases; in the first phase toxicity was induced by toxicants and in the second phase ameliorative efficacy of vitamins was tested. Results: In the first phase, repeated oral administration of fluoride in drinking water at the dose of 1 and 10 mg/l caused increased monocyte and total leukocyte count (TLC). On the other hand, orally administered CPF (1 mg/kg) resulted in decrease of packed cell volume (PCV) with increase in TLC; in addition, granulocytes and monocytes were significantly increased. CPF at 10 mg/kg significantly decreased PCV and total erythrocyte count (TEC), whereas increase in TLC was observed. Co-administration of fluoride in drinking water (10 mg/l) and CPF via oral gavage (10 mg/kg) for 28 days resulted in decrease of hemoglobin (Hb), PCV, TEC whereas increase in TLC. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) showed a decrease in lymphocyte values but an increase in granulocytes and monocytes. Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of with vitamin C and E along with CPF and fluoride ameliorated various hematological parameters, except TLC, granulocytes and monocytes, induced by co-exposure of CPF and fluoride in Wistar rats.

Synthetic pyrethroid increases lipid and protein oxidation and induces glutathione depletion in the cerebellum of adult rats: Ameliorative effect of vitamin C

The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. The objective of the current study was aimed to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress in lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC)-induced cerebellum damages in adult rats and to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin C (vit C) as antioxidant. Exposure of rats to LTC during 3 weeks caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyls (PCO) along with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gluthione-S-transferase (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The oral administration of vit C (200 mg/kg per d) to LTC-treated rats significantly (p < 0.05) diminished the levels of LPO, NO and PCO and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Our results showed that the administration of vit C could ameliorate some of the oxidative damage in the cerebellum induced by SPs exposure, suggesting that the ascorbic acid could exhibit a potential antioxidant activity against neurotoxicity induced by pesticides exposure.

Vitamin E as antioxidant in female african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to chronic toxicity of atrazine

The present study was planned aiming to investigate the effects of atrazine herbicide exposure on stress biomarkers acetylcholi nesterase activity (AchE) and cortisol, oxidative stress responses and the histop athological changes in liver of female Clarias gariepinus and the ameliorative effect of vitamin E supplement ation (240mg/kg diet) on the degree of atrazine subletha l toxicity (1.37mg/l) for 6 weeks. Chronic exposure to atrazine revealed a marked inhi bition in the activity of AchE. But, significant increase of serum cortisol level w as recorded. Moreover, atrazine exposure was associated with a marked induction of oxidative damage in liver tissue as evidenced by increased level of lipid peroxidati on (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Atrazine exposure also led to a sign ificant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).Furthermore, histopathological examination of the liver of exposed fish showed dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, fatty degeneration, necrosis and pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes. However, fish fed diet supplemented with vitamin E exhibited protective effect by minimizing the atrazine-induced toxicity, through measured val ues more or less similar to the control group fish.

Short-Term Sensorimotor and Cognitive Changes Induced by Acute Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E

Short-Term Sensorimotor and Cognitive Changes Induced by Acute Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E

Chronic chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland of Wistar rats: Ameliorative effects of vitamin C

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is widely used in agriculture and public health, has been implicated in male reproductive toxicity. Apart from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, CPF has been shown to induce changes characteristic of oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland of rats chronically exposed to CPF. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five animals each: Group I (S/oil) received soya oil (2 ml/kg); Group II (VC) was administered with vitamin C (100 mg/kg); Group III (CPF) was given CPF (10.6 mg/kg; ∼1/8th LD 50); Group IV (VC + CPF) was pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) and then given CPF (10.6 mg/kg), 30 min later. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for 15 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and pituitary glands were evaluated for the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The result shows that CPF increased MDA concentration and reduced activities of SOD and CAT, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.

RETRACTED: Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on hexavalent chromium-induced delay in sexual maturation and oxidative stress in developing Wistar rat ovary and uterus

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a highly toxic metal and major environmental pollutant and is extensively used in more than 50 industries. The major route of CrVI exposure for the general population is oral intake. Chromium is considered an important nutrient responsible for carbohydrate metabolism. However, excess CrVI exposure is associated with various pathological conditions including reproductive dysfunction. CrVI can traverse the placental barrier and cause wide range of abnormalities in fetal development. Cr is transported to offspring through mother's milk in lactating women exposed to CrVI. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the toxic effects of lactational CrVI exposure on ovary and uterus and the beneficial role of vitamin C in preventing/ameliorating the toxic effects of CrVI in developing female Wistar rats. Generation of oxidative stress is considered one of the plausible mechanisms behind Cr-induced cellular deteriorations. The present study evidenced a decrease in the specific activities of antioxidants, serum testosterone and progesterone and an increase in the levels of H₂O₂, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and follicle stimulating hormone in rats exposed to CrVI when compared to control. CrVI exposure also delayed the sexual maturation and extended the estrous cycle. Simultaneous administration of vitamin C significantly prevented the increase in LPO and enhanced the antioxidant status. These results suggest the protective effect of vitamin C against the CrVI exposure-induced toxicity and attest the significance of antioxidants in diet.

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E on Chemotherapy Induced Side Effects in Rat Liver

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E on Chemotherapy Induced Side Effects in Rat Liver

Alterations in Ca 2+ homeostasis and oxidative damage induced by ethion in erythrocytes of Wistar rats: Ameliorative effect of vitamin E

Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been reported to induce oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation and alteration in defense mechanisms. It is known that calcium content in erythrocytes plays a very important in normal physiology of cells. Erythrocytes are a very convenient model to understand the susceptibility of membrane to oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic compounds. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of ethion induced oxidative damage, alterations in membrane bound enzymes and Ca 2+ homeostasis and a possible protective role of vitamin E. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were orally administered ethion and vitamin E daily for 28 days. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: control; ethion treated (2.7 mg/kg bw/day); vitamin E treated (50 mg/kg of bw/day); ethion + vitamin E treated. The animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Erythrocyte membranes were prepared and analyzed for protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and membrane bound ATPases. Furthermore, Ca 2+ homeostasis as function of time and concentration was evaluated in erythrocytes. The results from the present study show that in vivo administration of ethion resulted in oxidative damage to erythrocyte membranes as evident by increased lipid peroxidation. The increased LPO following ethion intoxication was accompanied by significant decrease in the activities of Na +/K +-ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase and disturbed Ca 2+homeostasis in erythrocytes. Furthermore, vitamin E treatment had a beneficial effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation; partially restoring activities of membrane bound ATPases and Ca 2+ homeostasis. The present study suggests that ethion exerts its toxic effect by increasing LPO, altering the activity of membrane bound enzymes and disturbing Ca 2+ homeostasis. Vitamin E treatment ameliorated the toxic effects of ethion suggesting its role as a potential antioxidant.

Vitamin E protects Wistar rats from chlorpyrifos-induced increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chronic chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, the role of lipid peroxidation and the ameliorative effect of vitamin E on the erythrocyte fragility. Twenty young adult male Wistar rats divided into four groups of five animals each served as subjects for this study. Groups I (control) and II were exposed to soya oil (2 ml/kg) and vitamin E (75 mg/kg), respectively. Rats in group III were exposed to CPF (10.6 mg/kg 1/8th of the previously determined LD50 of 85 mg/kg over a period of 48 h), while those in group IV were pretreated with vitamin E (75 mg/kg) and then exposed to CPF, 30 min later. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for a period of 17 weeks. Blood samples collected at the end of the test period were analyzed for erythrocyte osmotic fragility, while the washed erythrocytes were used to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as an index of lipid peroxidation. The study showed that repeated CPF exposure caused increased erythrocyte fragility and MDA concentration. Pretreatment with vitamin E ameliorated CPF-induced increase in erythrocyte fragility and lipoperoxidative changes in Wistar rats.

Ameliorative effects of vitamin C on short-term sensorimotor and cognitive changes induced by acute chlorpyrifos exposure in Wistar rats

Human and experimental animal studies have shown long- and short-term neurological sequelae following acute organophosphate (OP) exposure. Although the main molecular mechanism of OP neurotoxiicty involves acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, studies have also implicated the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was therefore aimed at evaluating the effect of acute chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure on short-term sensorimotor and cognitive changes in Wistar rats, the role of brain lipoperoxidative changes and the effect of pretreatment with vitamin C. Twenty-eight rats divided into four groups of seven rats in each group served as subjects for this study. Rats in group I were given soya oil (2 ml/kg) while those in group II were dosed vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Group III were administered CPF only (42.5 mg/kg ∼50% of LD(50)), while group IV were pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) and then exposed to CPF (42.5 mg/kg), 30 min later. The regimens were administered once orally and the animals were examined for clinical signs, death and subjected to periodic neurobehavioral evaluation for motor strength, coordinated gait, neuromuscular coordination, learning and memory. At the end of 8 weeks of evaluation, the rats were sacrificed and the brain tissue evaluated for AChE activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration, as an index of lipoperoxidative changes. The rats administered with CPF showed deficits in motor strength, coordinated gaits, neuromuscular coordination, learning and memory, slight decrease in AChE activity and an increase in brain MDA concentration. Pretreatment with vitamin C improved the neurobehavioral deficits and AChE activity, and caused a significant reduction in MDA concentration. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that acute CPF exposure in Wistar rats caused short-term impairment in sensorimotor and cognitive functions partly due to brain lipoperoxidative changes, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.

Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on chronic chlorpyrifos-induced erythrocyte osmotic fragility in Wistar rats

Chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been shown to cause increased lipoperoxidative changes in the erythrocyte membranes. The relationship between chronic CPF-induced lipoperoxidative changes and erythrocyte fragility has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of lipoperoxidation on CPF-induced erythrocyte fragility and the ameliorative effect of vitamin C. Twenty animals divided at random into four groups of five animals each served as subject for this study. Rats in group I served as the control group and were given only soya oil at a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight (b.w.). Rats in group II were dosed with vitamin C (100 mg/kg b.w.) and then supplemented with soya oil (2 mL/kg b.w.), while those in group III were administered with CPF only at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w. (~one-eighth of the previously determined median lethal dose [LD(50)]). Rats in group IV were pretreated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vitamin C, and then dosed with CPF at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w., 30 min later. The different treatment regimens were orally administered daily for a period of 17 weeks. Blood collected from the animals at the end of the test period were analyzed for erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation. The study showed that CPF caused significant increase in erythrocyte fragility and MDA concentration, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C. In conclusion, the study showed that CPF-evoked erythrocyte fragility due to increased lipoperoxidative changes was ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.

Ameliorative Role of Vitamin E on Adverse Impact of Azadirachta indica in Reproductive Indices of Male Rats

This study was undertaken to determine the role of vitamin E on reproductive activity of Azadirachta indica extract in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups. The control group received distilled water while the other groups were treated with Azadirachta indica (150mg/kg bwt) extract alone, vitamin E (100mg/kg bwt) alone, combined Azadirachta indica (150mg/kg bwt) and vitamin E (100mg/kg bwt), and combined Azadirachta indica (150 mg/kg bwt) and vitamin E (150 mg/kg bwt). Group administered Azadirachta indica alone showed significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in sperm count, viability and motility. Co-administration of A. indica with vitamin E caused an increase in values of these parameters. Serum testosterone concentration decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in A. indica only treated group with concomitant increase in groups co-administered with vitamin E. Lipid peroxidation showed significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in all treated groups with group co-administered with vitamin E showing enhanced modulatory effect than group administered with Azadirachta indica extract alone. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also significantly (p&lt;0.05) enhanced in all treated groups; the groups treated with vitamin E showed higher activity. The results suggest possible ameliorative effect of vitamin E on adverse impact of Azadirachta indica in reproductive activity of male rats.

Ameliorative effect of vitamins (α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced oxidative stress in rat epididymal sperm

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of vitamins on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced spermiotoxicity using qualitative, quantitative and biochemical approaches. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into four groups, each group consists of six animals. The control group received corn oil, the second group of rats were administered Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw/day intraperitoneally for 30 days. The third group of rats were treated with Aroclor 1254 along with α-tocopherol (50 mg/kg of bw/day) for 30 days, while the fourth group of rats were treated with Aroclor 1254 along with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg bw/day) orally for 30 days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, control and experimental animals were killed by decapitation. Sperm was collected from the cauda epididymal region and its count and motility were detected. Sperm was sonicated and used for the estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [hydroxyl radical (HO •) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)], non-enzymic antioxidants [α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione (GSH)], activity of enzymic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST)] and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The result of this experiment shows that PCB significantly decreases the level of α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST with elevated levels of ROS and LPO. In addition, decreased epididymal sperm motility and count were observed. Simultaneous supplementation with α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid restored these parameters to that of normal range. In conclusion, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid exhibited protective effect on sperm by inhibiting PCB-induced ROS generation.

Effects of Vitamin C and E on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced oxidative stress, androgen binding protein and lactate in rat Sertoli cells

The effect of Aroclor 1254 and the ameliorative effect of Vitamin C and E on Sertoli cell function were studied in adult male rats. The rats were administered Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw/day intraperitoneally for 30 days. One group of rats received Vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw/day) while the other group received Vitamin E (50 mg/kg bw/day) orally simultaneously with Aroclor 1254 for 30 days. Necropsy was performed at 24 h after the last injection. Sertoli cells were isolated for the estimation of enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GST), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical were estimated. Sertoli cellular androgen binding protein (ABP) and lactate were also quantified. Whereas body weight, testis weight, relative weight of testis, ABP, lactate and specific activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST, γ-GT were all decreased, the levels of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and LPO were significantly increased in the Sertoli cells of Aroclor 1254 treated rats. Simultaneous administration of Vitamin C or E restored these parameters to a normal range. Thus, the present study suggests that Aroclor 1254 exposure induces oxidative stress in rat Sertoli cells and furthermore that simultaneous administration of Vitamin C or E ameliorated these effects.