Ambivalent Attitude Research Articles

1930년대 대중가요의 어휘와 언어문화 현상

This paper examined the vocabulary of Kim Hae-song's song to understand the characteristics of vocabulary use in the lyrics of the 1930s. Kim Hae-song was a singer, songwriter, and performer representing the 1930s. Since he wrote lyrics in various fields regardless of the genre of music, he can grasp the phenomenon of language and culture in the 1930s through his vocabulary of lyrics.
 First, the use of vocabulary in Kim Hae-song's song was examined. The lyrics of Kim Hae-song's song have various vocabulary reflecting the language and cultural phenomena of the 1930s. In this era, traditionally, not only Chinese characters close to the superstrum and native languages corresponding to the substratum were mixed, but also Japanese was forced against one’s will. On the other hand, due to the influx of Western culture, Western languages, including English, have flooded in. The vocabulary of Kim Hae-song's lyrics also reflects the situation of the times, taking on complexity. In other words, native, Chinese, and foreign languages are used in combination in the lyrics of Kim Hae-song's song.
 Second, the vocabulary expression aspect of Kim Hae-song's song was examined. Kim Hae-song's lyrics were diverse by reflecting the language culture of the times. This is because it was necessary to select such a vocabulary and express the object convincingly. It can be divided into descriptive expressions of characters, figurative expressions of love, and playful expressions of objects. Descriptive expressions of characters were expressed as if they were describing characters aiming for old and new culture as in narrative literature. In the figurative expression of love, the expression of affection was not dealt directly, but the emotion of love was added to the image of the audiovisual by comparing it to the object. In the playful expression of the object, the lyrics are added with fun through the method of humor and joke.
 Third, the language-cultural phenomenon of the vocabulary of Kim Hae-song’s song was surveyed. Representative examples include the expansion of awareness of everyday language, universal use of negative expressions, and ambivalent attitudes toward old and new culture. It can be said that the expansion of awareness of everyday language was established when the words of the time encountered a new language. In the universal use of negative expressions, in a society at the time when old and new cultures were mixed, those who value tradition disapproved of admiring Western culture, and those who pursue Western culture could criticize those who adhere to traditional culture, so negative expressions were commonly used. The ambivalent attitude toward the object is generally treated negatively for tradition, but it is concentrated on women, and it is often positive for Western culture, and in that case, it is common to evaluate men positively.

Re-imagining the Ambivalent: The Political Trajectory of Lungi from Pre-Colonial East Bangla to Post-Independent Bangladesh

Lungi, Bangladeshi men’s most common informal clothing, occupies an ambivalent position in the country’s sartorial culture because of its inherent status of being anti-modern and anti-formal. Bangladeshi postcolonial poet Kaiser Haq’s (2007) ground-breaking poem, “Ode on the Lungi '' and the growing body of academic papers focusing on the poem have already constructed lungi as a discursive symbol to challenge and decentralise the colonial construction of cultural hierarchies that underpinned such a postcolonial legacy of sartorial discrimination. Important as they are, these studies do not engage with lungi’s actual historical trajectories of resistance and struggle where men in lungi participated as active agents to challenge authoritative power regimes. By investigating the key episodes of “politics of the people'' (Guha, 1988, p. 40) from pre-colonial east Bangla to present-day Bangladesh, the paper reclaims lungi’s active yet metaphorical performative at each stage of collective struggles that ultimately led to the 1971 War of Independence (Muktijuddho), where lungi was the main attire of the male freedom fighters (Muktijoddhas). This paper argues that the national/cultural ambivalence around lungi in Bangladesh is rooted in its simultaneous trope of being a clothing of people who are at the edges of political power, yet their collective resistance can be subversive. This is one of the reasons why a ban on lungi in contemporary Bangladesh, although more common than before, often becomes a topic of heated debates and discussions among the educated, middle-class communities. Spectrum, Volume 17, June 2022: 47-65

The Impact of Ambivalent Sexism and Related Factors

This article explores the impact of ambivalent sexist attitudes at the national, social, and individual levels. To begin from the definition, development, and significance of ambivalent sexism theory, by exploring the perceptions of hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes on male and female beliefs about well-being, life satisfaction, parenting responsibilities and housework assignments, and interpersonal status and behavioral responses to study society's pervasive ideology of poor outcomes between women's identities and successful performance in roles. It is important to note that both benevolent and hostile sexism harm gender equality because they harm men, women, and non-binary people based on traditional gender stereotypes that mask social biases, and even these normative standards of behavior can further promote gender bias. This study explores the impact of ambivalent sexism on male and female individuals and their relationships, hoping to contribute some theoretical research to future science development and progress, thereby promoting the spread of gender egalitarianism.

Women workers’ education at the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions: excavating histories of transnational collaboration with the ICFTU

ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (Türk-İş) and the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) from the 1960s until the 1990s with a focus on the transnational collaboration of activists who organised educational activities for women workers and trade unionists to empower them as rights-seeking political subjects and strengthen their position within the trade union movement. Demonstrating how women’s trade union education evolved within the framework of local politics as well as global processes such as the Cold War and the emergence of a UN-led gender equality regime, it argues that global inequalities, geopolitical differences, and Türk-İş leaders’ ambivalent attitude towards women’s status in the trade union movement led to a loose, sporadic relationship between local activists and those from the west. At the same time, it was often these activists’ sustained efforts towards collaboration and the circulation of their agendas that pressured Türk-İş to invest in women’s empowerment in trade unions. Utilising archival and trade union sources as well as oral history interviews, the article integrates the work of women labour activists in feminist labour historiography, offering a more comprehensive understanding of trade unions’ gender politics in Turkey and globally.

Examining Chinese employees´ perceptual frameworks including their attitudinal orientations towards the concepts and implementation of shared leadership: An exploratory investigation

In view of today´s dynamic business environment, shared leadership breaks with the classical leadership approaches by offering new possibilities of participation, active contribution and taking over responsibility for employees. Among other aspects, shared leadership certainly relies on highly motivated participants who are willing to implement this new leadership approach. This research study focuses on the motivational factors at work, attitude towards shared leadership and an implementation guideline for shared leadership in a Chinese culture context. This qualitative research is conducted by online-interviews of 10 Chinese citizens, supported by a semi-structured guideline. The results are inductively evaluated by Mayring´s procedure of qualitative content analysis. Regarding mentioned motivational factors, Chinese responses do not significantly differ from Western based literature. An ambivalent attitude towards shared leadership can be determined with transparent concerns that the Chinese participants have in mind. Nonetheless, chances and possible applications of shared leadership can be perceived which lead to a suggested step-by-step guideline, how to implement shared leadership in an existing organization. Among possible limitations, when evaluating the given responses, wishful thinking and reality should be considered. Furthermore, a restricted representativeness for Chinese society by convenience sampling should be noted. Follow-up studies could go further on quantitative researching with the collected impressions from this qualitative research. There could also be a longitudinal study to check for any changes of the attitude towards shared leadership.

Fanfiction as a New Social Media, or For What Reason the Youth Write and Read Non-Professional Literature

Fanfiction is the literary work of fans who use the plots lines and characters from their favorite work — “canon”. It arose with the advent of the Internet, because the Internet is the place where such works can be published and discussed. Assessments of this phenomenon are very ambiguous: from low-grade graphomania to a school of literary excellence. In any case, fan fiction is an important element of popular / convergent culture, including Russian, which has a noticeable socializing influence on its participants. The purpose of the study is to describe the specifics of fanfiction as a new social media in modern Russian speaking community. Objectives: 1) Characterize the readership of Russian-language fanfiction; 2) Determine the motivation of fan fiction readers; 3) Describe the nature of reader preferences; 4) Highlight the functions of fanfiction as social media and their implementation by Russian readers. Theoretical framework: G. Jenkins’ theory of convergent culture and M. McLuhan’s broad approach to understanding media. Empirical base — online survey of 1007 respondents, secondary analysis of fanfiction research data. Results. The main readers of fan fiction are young middle-class women living in cities and big cities; they study or work in the field of education, science, art and IT. The functions that fanfiction performs correlate with the functions of social media: first of all, entertainment, recreation and leisure, secondly, new emotions and new impressions. Combined with the opportunity to communicate with like-minded people, share your opinion or publish your own texts, fanfiction becomes a space in which each individual user plays important role in the concrete fanfic’s history. It reveals Fanfiction’s convergent nature. Directions for further research: studying the influence of stereotypical ideas about fanfiction on its development, analyzing the reasons for the ambivalent attitude of readers and authors of fan fiction towards cruelty, finding out the reasons for the gender homogeneous composition of the online fanfiction community.

Perceiving others as responsive lessens prejudice: The mediating roles of intellectual humility and attitude ambivalence

Can perceived responsiveness, the extent to which an individual feels understood, validated, and cared for by close others, reduce prejudiced attitudes? We hypothesized that perceived responsiveness by meaningful other people would increase recipients' intellectual humility and attitude ambivalence and that these changes would reduce prejudice. Five studies (total N = 3362), four of which were preregistered, manipulated perceived responsiveness by a specific person (Studies 1–3, 5) or measured the effects of perceived responsiveness by the closest social network of the recipient (Study 4). All studies supported the hypotheses. Specifically, Studies 1 and 2 found that perceived responsiveness increased intellectual humility and attitude ambivalence and reduced prejudice toward a group from a pre-determined list. Study 3 replicated these findings when participants freely chose the social group. In Study 4, perceived responsiveness from individuals' closest social networks predicted the dependent variables a few days afterward, controlling for positive and negative affect and social desirability. Finally, in Study 5, we added a condition of positive social interaction to rule out the possibility that the prior findings were due to recalling an affectively positive experience. The effect of perceived responsiveness on prejudice reduction (i.e., increased attitude favorability toward the social group) was not moderated by attitude certainty (Study 2), anxious or avoidant attachment style (Study 2), or attitude morality (Study 3). This work suggests that fostering perceived responsiveness can serve as a strategy for mitigating prejudice and promoting more open-minded attitudes.

Informing about childbirth without increasing anxiety: a qualitative study of first-time pregnant women and partners’ perceptions and needs

BackgroundComplications requiring medical interventions during childbirth are far from rare, even after uncomplicated pregnancies. It is often a challenge for maternity healthcare professionals to know how to prepare future parents for these eventualities without causing unnecessary anxiety. Studies on traumatic birth experiences have shown that feelings of loss of control, insufficient information, and lack of participation in medical decisions during childbirth are factors of difficult experiences. However, little is known about the information and communication needs of expectant parents about childbirth during the prenatal period. To gain a deeper understanding of the information and communication needs of first-time pregnant women and partners, we explored their perceptions and expectations for their upcoming childbirth, and the actions they initiated to prepare for it.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted individually with first-time pregnant women and partners of pregnant women aged 18 years or older, with an uncomplicated pregnancy. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes.ResultsTwenty expectant parents (15 pregnant women and five partners of pregnant women) were interviewed. Six themes were identified: Childbirth event; Childbirth experience; Childbirth environment; Organisation of care; Participation in decision making; Roles within the couple and transition to parenthood.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a better understanding of the information needs of future parents expecting their first child. Results highlighted that the notion of “childbirth risks” went beyond the prospect of complications during birth, but also encompassed concerns related to a feeling of loss of control over the event. Expectant parents showed an ambivalent attitude towards consulting risk information, believing it important to prepare for the unpredictability of childbirth, while avoiding information they considered too worrying. They expressed a desire to receive concrete, practical information, and needed to familiarise themselves in advance with the birth environment. Establishing a respectful relationship with the healthcare teams was also considered important. The findings suggest that information on childbirth should not be limited to the transmission of knowledge, but should primarily be based on the establishment of a relationship of trust with healthcare professionals, taking into account each person’s individual values and expectations.

ДЕКОРАТИВНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ПОСТМОДЕРНІСТСЬКИХ БУДИНКІВ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ ШКОЛИ

This study summarizes the results of the analysis of three dozen architectural objects in Lviv based on which presents architectural school in Lviv and its transition towards postmodern stylistics. The article considers the analysis of the phenomenon of postmodern architecture, in particular one of the key issues of the discussion with modernism - the possibility and nature of decorating the facades of buildings. Firstly, the role of geometric-decorative ornamentation as an indicator of the emergence of the so-called "Carpathian style," considered a proto-postmodernism, into a full-fledged postmodern architectural language was identified. Subsequently, the gradual disappearance of this ornamentation served as an indicator of the return to modernist paradigms, albeit in a significantly distinct form from the late Soviet neoclassicism. Additionally, the presence of such decorative elements in the Lviv context suggests that the same fundamental factors contributing to the development of postmodernism in North America and Europe were at play in this region. Secondly, the artistic and compositional peculiarities of postmodern decorative motifs in the Lviv architectural school were investigated. It was found that the architects from Lviv occupied a complex and ambivalent position concerning their search for alternatives to modernism. While their fundamental design principles and concepts displayed clear contrasts, on the level of details, particularly in decorative elements, they actively drew from modernist culture, specifically abstract art. Finally, potential directions for further research on the phenomenon of postmodernism in Lviv were outlined, with a specific focus on evaluating the decorative language of buildings from that era. The study proposes the hypothesis that during the 1990s to the early 2010s, a distinct system of geometric-decorative ornamentation might have begun to take shape within the Lviv architectural school. However, this development did not progress further due to the shift in design approaches and the adoption of neo-modernist architectural language. Further exploration of this aspect may shed light on the unique architectural developments in Lviv during that period.

Caring for data in later life – the datafication of ageing as a matter of care

ABSTRACT This article examines the datafication of ageing by drawing on a practice approach toward care. We describe the datafication of ageing as a matter of care, achieved through the local tinkering of actors – technology designers, care staff, older adults, and highlighting the practices necessary to develop, maintain and implement data infrastructures. This paper draws on research conducted in a qualitative interview study in a LTC facility that uses AI-supported sensors to detect, predict and alarm care staff about falls of older residents. 18 interviews with developers, staff, residents and interest groups were conducted, as well as 24 h of participant observation in the care facility. The results reveal how AI-development for older target groups is characterized by absent data on these populations. Designers turn to practices that decontextualize data from the realities of older adults, relying on domain experts or synthetic data. This decontextualization of data requires recontextualization, with staff and older residents ensuring that the system functions smoothly, adapting their behavior, protecting the system from making false decisions and making existing care arrangements ‘fit’ the databases used to monitor activities in these arrangements. The ambivalent position of older adults in this data assemblage is further highlighted, as their caring practices are made invisible by different actors through ageist stereotypes, positioning them as being too frail to understand and engage with the system. While their bodily behavior is core for the databases, their perspective on and engagements with the operating system are marginalized, rendering some aspects of ageing hyper-visible, and others invisible.

Social aspects of manifestations of regional identity in toponymic nicknames

The article is devoted to an actual problem that reflects a clearly visible crisis of communicative culture, which hides a deeper conflict of social values, manifested in the breakdown of patterns formed in the past, standards of action in specific situations of communication between representatives of different ethnic groups, cultures, confessions, etc. A surge in the birth of new ethnopholisms, acting as the most expressive ethnonyms, coincided with the rise to a new level of hate speech, in which the most diverse socially colored nicknames turn into a powerful tool for political stigmatization of any persons or communities that are different from the subject of this process.The study of such a phenomenon is interdisciplinary in nature and is impossible without knowledge of the facts of history, culture, language, economic life of different ethnic groups. The study of ethnopholisms in the form of toponymic nicknames allows us to find out the reasons for the ambivalent attitude towards the trend of regionalization, when, on the one hand, it is under pressure from the same social, economic, political and spiritual processes that caused the collapse of global projects, however, on the other hand, the proximity of regional actions to local conditions, provides a basis for predicting the possibility, through the strengthening of identity, to create both a stronger socio-economic basis for the development of regional communities, and to find a new model for their interaction in the global space.

Therapeutic alignments: examining police and public health/harm reduction partnerships

ABSTRACT Ongoing calls for police reform across North America alongside the growing momentum for the removal of criminal sanctions for personal possession of drugs have placed policing agencies in an ambivalent position with respect to drug governance and people who use drugs (PWUD). Meanwhile, in response to the longstanding harms produced by drug law enforcement, calls for harm reduction policing have gained traction in recent years, resulting in collaborations between policing agencies and health services, including naloxone administration by police officers, post-overdose outreach and wellness checks, and integrated public health-public safety response and information sharing frameworks. Using situational analysis method, we consider the range of elements and actors that form these partnerships, and their broader structural, institutional, and policy effects. We detail the actual and potential implications of such forms of institutional coordination on health, equity, and the possibility of meaningful drug law reform. Our analysis reveals that rather than mitigating the harms of drug enforcement, such initiatives stand to undermine access to services and increase health system avoidance by eroding trust in public health and harm reduction among PWUD. We reason that the recasting of police as therapeutic agents and as embedded in medico-therapeutic practices reaffirms the role of punitive enforcement practices in drug governance.

Ambivalence Toward the Implementation of Preventive Measures in (Un-)Vaccinated German Citizens

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life around the world. To fight the pandemic, preventive measures were implemented. Despite being accepted by a majority of citizens in Germany, these measures elicited fierce protest from others. It seems that people either like or dislike them. Given the immense complexity of the topic, it is also likely that people hold ambivalent attitudes (i.e., simultaneously positive and negative). Aims: The purpose of this study is to explore ambivalence toward the (non-)implementation of preventive measures in vaccinated and unvaccinated German citizens. Method: Vaccinated ( N = 136) and unvaccinated ( N = 170) participants indicated their positivity, negativity and experienced ambivalence toward the (non-)implementation of preventive measures (e.g., mask mandatory). Results: The structure of positive and negative evaluations (i.e., objective ambivalence) indicates that unvaccinated people are more univalent (negative) and vaccinated people are neutral toward the preventive measures. Interestingly, results indicate a dissociation between objective ambivalence and experienced ambivalence. Limitation: The results are limited by the measurement choice, data collection time, and sample. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the experienced ambivalence increases with increasing personal costs. Implications for behavior change interventions and health psychology are discussed.

Main problems experienced by the neighbors of open drug scenes, Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method study

BackgroundDespite law enforcement and health interventions, open drug scenes have led to problems in many countries. The problems are, however, insufficiently explored. There are different types of drug scenes in Iran. This study aimed to explore the issues related to neighbors of one of the drug scenes in Tehran known as Farahzad.MethodsData were generated via semi-structured interviews in the first step of the current mixed-method study (2020–2021). Interviewees were people who use drugs (PWUDs), residents and business owners (N = 25). In the next step, a quantitative observation was conducted for eight days. The results were analyzed using conventional content analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe perceived problems were ambivalent attitudes about drug scene-related activities, violate of the territory of the self of the effected residents, and everyday concerns. The observation results indicated that men who use drugs are involved in drug scene-related activities more than women are. PWUDs try to hide their activities from the public view. Their efforts were considered “self-regulatory strategies” in the drug scene.ConclusionsDespite efforts of PWUDs to keep their activities invisible, drug scene-related issues are intolerable for neighbors. Neighbors and PWUDs have ambivalent attitudes. While they are concerned about the human rights of each other, drug scene-related activities have disturbed the neighbor’s daily life and economic activities. Although law enforcement and harm reduction interventions reduce some of the problems, one of the approaches should be improving the coexistence between the neighbors and the residents of the drug scene to achieve broader and more sustainable compromises.

Varieties of egalitarianism: gender ideologies in the late socialism of the German Democratic Republic

ABSTRACTThe socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the east part of former divided Germany, which existed between 1949 and 1990, saw the emancipation of women as a national objective. In this paper we examine the gender ideologies of young people in the GDR in relation to state socialist ideas of gender equality. First, we outline the GDR’s socialist state policy in favour of maternal full-time employment, even with young children, between the 1950s and the 1980s. We then present the results of our analysis of gender ideologies using survey data collected by the GDR’s Central Institute of Youth Research in 1984. By applying latent class analysis, we identify two patterns of egalitarianism in the analytic sample, which we term ‘all-inclusive-egalitarians’ and ‘not-in-my-backyard-egalitarians’ (‘nimby-egalitarians’). The former supported gender equality in both the public and familial spheres. The nimby-egalitarians, by contrast, had ambivalent attitudes, as they supported gender equality in the public sphere and at the same time held more traditional attitudes towards the private sphere. Our study demonstrates that after almost 40 years of propagating gender equality, state socialism in the GDR had some success in shaping societal gender ideologies. However, we reveal ambivalences which researchers have previously often overseen, especially in contrast to the Western part of Germany. The top-down shaped GDR patterns of egalitarianism also bear similarities to the stalled gender revolution in contemporary Western democratic societies. Beyond the results, the paper proves the richness and principle usability of hitherto rarely used data sets preserved from the GDR.

Recognition and Desire for Life in Multiple Epidemics: COVID-19 and Violence Against the LGBTI+ Community in Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT LGBTI+ people living in favelas in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) have been submitted to several challenges. Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brutally has hit favelas with disproportional number of deaths. This health emergency adds to the long-term ongoing epidemic of violence, particularly police violence, in favelas. We acknowledge that this problem is at least partially a product of unconscious racism with historical roots in colonialism. The LGBTI+ community members from favelas are particularly affected by because they are both special targets of violence and ignored or even excluded from public services and policies. Civil society organizations, such as Grupo Conexão G, responded to COVID-19 with food banks and other welfare actions for LGBTI+ people in favelas—which were nevertheless impacted by police violence. Conexão G then created the Observatório de Violência LGBTI+ em Favelas (Monitoring Centre of LGBTI+ Violence in Favelas), in which both authors of this article worked in different capacities. We analyze a report produced by Observatório that shows the reality of violence against LGBTI+ people in favelas. Although we notice unconscious motifs of racism and hatred against the LGBTI+ community, we also identify resistance to violence as an expression of unconscious desires—now for life, rather than destruction. We highlight the ambivalent position of recognition, which frames the possibility for identification while also justifying protection against destruction. As we see it, though, shelter against precarity (such as exposure to harm from COVID-19 and police violence) is necessary to keep one alive, thus producing life lines or desire for life. We conclude that recognition and desire are keys to respond to the harmful effects of racism, colonialism, and hatred against LGBTI+ people; nevertheless, we also advocate for keeping alert to both established and new forms of destruction that threat the LGBTI+ community.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES OF AMBIVALENT SEXISM AND DATING VIOLENCE

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards dating violence and conflicting sexist attitudes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a total of 283 students at the Faculty of Letters of Munzur University in Türkiye between February and June 2021. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Dating Violence Questionnaire, and analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation analysis and Bonferroni test. A statistically significant moderately positive relationship was found between the students’ attitudes of ambivalent sexism and dating violence. The students had a high level of ambivalent sexism and a low level of dating violence. In the study, it was determined that men (74.93±22.41) exhibit higher ambivalent sexism attitudes than women (60.14±22.02), and the mean dating violence rate of men (1.56±0.38) is higher than that of women (1.30±0.29). As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the hostile and protective sexist attitude, which is the sub-dimensions of ambivalent sexism, is higher in male students than in female students. Finally, it was found that those with high protective sexism attitudes have more dating violence attitudes than those with high hostile sexism attitudes. The findings reveal that the ambivalent sexist attitude supports dating violence.

Relationship between the assessment of violent actions and the manifestations of personal characteristics in alcohol-dependent individuals

Objective. To determine the relationship between violent acts and personality characteristics in alcohol dependent individuals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the penitentiary system. It involved 295 men with alcohol dependence syndrome (F10.2) aged from 21 to 60 years, with an average age of 40.7 ± 8.9 years and an average alcohol intake of 13.5 years. During the study, patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were divided into three groups. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the technique “Types of aggressiveness” developed by L. G. Pochebut (2012), the questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (SSP-98), the test-questionnaire “Study of volitional self-regulation”, the questionnaire for the study of stages of psychotherapy “URICA” and others. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program SPSS 19.0. Spearman’s R-criterion and Mann-Whitney U-criterion were used.Results. The revealed high level of the final HCR-20 score in all three groups under study indicates a significant risk of committing violent acts, low adaptive capabilities and reduced stress tolerance of alcohol-dependent persons. The revealed average level of tolerance showed that personality traits, attitudes and beliefs of alcohol-dependent persons to a great extent determine their ambivalent attitude to the surrounding world with a combination of both tolerant and intolerant traits.The existing dual causal relationship between alcohol intake and stress manifestation shows that excessive stress increases the risk of alcohol-related problems, alcohol abuse in turn causes significant alcohol distress.Conclusions. The risk of violent acts in persons with alcohol dependence syndrome depends on the severity of such personality characteristics as aggressiveness and emotional excitability, low stress resistance, intolerance, and decreased ability to volitional self-regulation.

Gendered Ambivalence: The Structure of Attitudes About Female Candidates

ABSTRACT I argue that the gender-role incongruity between being a woman and the masculine stereotypes of political leadership roles will lead to more ambivalence about women relative to men and that gendered traits will comprise the content of these ambivalent attitudes. I analyze attitudinal ambivalence toward female candidates using ANES data. The results find that ambivalence is higher among voters who hold cross-pressured identities as strong partisans with sexist beliefs for both Democratic and Republican women. In 2016, individuals held stronger ambivalent attitudes about Hillary Clinton even among strong Democrats but there was very little ambivalence in attitudes about Trump.

The hour of European truth for Slovenian intellectuals

In this paper, the author presents and analyses the political activity of Slovenian opposition intellectuals during the period of Slovenia's EU accession (1995-97). In the summer of 1997, a group of intellectuals from the Nova revija circle published a public letter "An Hour of European Truth for Slovenia", in which they criticised the social and political situation and the government's poor policy of EU and NATO approximation. The signatories of the public letter perceived the then rule of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDS), which was the successor of the official youth organisation under socialism, as undemocratic rule by former communists who held all the strings of power. In approaching the EU, they opposed the agreement with Italy on the purchase of Slovenian real estate (the so-called Spanish Compromise). Although they were in principle in favour of EU membership, they also collaborated in their activism with a group of outspoken Eurosceptics. In the first part of the paper, the author presents Slovenian politics in the 1990s, while in the second part he briefly describes the process of Slovenia's accession to the EU and NATO. In the third part, the author describes the background and activities of the group of intellectuals in question. The fourth part analyses the public letter and the public reactions. In the conclusion, the author poses a question whether the actors mentioned were Eurosceptics. In his opinion, the concept of Euroscepticism does not help to understand the complex and ambivalent attitudes of political actors towards Europe and the EU. In conclusion, the author highlights the trajectory of Slovenian anticommunist political thought up to the present day.