Amber Acid Research Articles

Complex therapy of mineral metabolism in service dogs

The high physical and functional load of service dogs causes changes not only in body systems, but also in metabolism as a whole. An integrated approach to the study of this problem and the search for a pharmacotherapeutic solution will allow us to correct biochemical changes in the body of dogs and improve the performance and quality of life of animals. The purpose of the study was to study the therapeutic effectiveness of a complex of metabolic stimulants for the correction of mineral metabolism. For the study, 16 service dogs were selected in the area of application of the general search profile, belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Altai Territory. Blood was drawn at the beginning and end of the study to analyze red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride. According to the results of the study, it was established that a violation of homeostasis in service dogs was accompanied by changes in some indicators of red blood, as well as pathology of mineral metabolism. After a course of pharmacotherapy, an increase in red blood cells (up to 7.9±0.22*×1012 cells/l) and hemoglobin (up to 141.66±7.32 g/l) was observed in dogs. Carbohydrate metabolism in both groups was characterized by hypoglycemia (3.34±0.21–3.43±0.28 mmol/l). By the end of the study, the glucose level in the experimental group significantly increased by 31.4% relative to the animals in the control group. By the end of the study, cholesterol levels in dogs in the experimental group decreased more rapidly compared to the control group. The study of the dynamics of mineral metabolism indicators revealed a significant increase in iron levels in the experimental group of animals (up to 25.3±1.9 µmol/l), which was 22.8% higher than the control value. Changes in other indicators of mineral metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups, although dogs receiving stimulating therapy showed positive dynamics of changes in mineral metabolism indicators. The use of a complex of metabolic stimulants “Suiferrovita”, “Strolitin”, “Amber Acid” stabilized red blood counts and contributed to the development of a tendency towards the restoration of mineral metabolism.

Effects of succinates on the inflammatory response: a review

INTRODUCTION: Endogenous succinate functions as a pro-inflammatory factor, while exogenous succinate — as an anti-inflammatory factor. The mechanisms of effect of succinates on the inflammatory response are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: Generalization of the current scientific knowledge on the use of exogenous succinate in inhibition of the inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and eLibrary international databases were used to search for relevant articles. The search keywords were: “succinic acid”, “amber acid”, “inflammation”, “meglumine sodium/solution”. The search was limited to articles published between 2012 and December 2022. The inclusion criteria were: 1) research focused on the cellular energy supply in inflammation; 2) effects of succinate on the inflammatory response intensity due to changes in the cellular energy supply; 3) correlation of the cellular energy supply with clinical and laboratory inflammatory indicators when succinate-containing drugs are used; 4) original studies. RESULTS: The initial identification analysis included over 200 published studies. After the screening, 84 full-text articles meeting the selection criteria were included in the final review: 31 literature reviews, 24 of which are dedicated to the pro-inflammatory effects of endogenous succinate, and 7 — to the anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous succinate in succinate-containing agents; and 53 original scientific articles: 27 articles are dedicated to the research of molecular mechanisms of endogenous succinate, and 26 articles are dedicated to the study of the clinical use of succinate-containing drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous succinate is defined as the most important pro-inflammatory factor. Exogenous succinate has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect mediated by normalization of the immune cell energy supply in hypoxia. No studies have been found on the differences in the mechanism of action of endogenous and exogenous succinate.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БУТЫЛОЧНОЙ ВЫДЕРЖКИ НА СОСТАВ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ КИСЛОТ ВИН ИЗ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА ВЕНГЕРСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖНЕГО ПРИДОНЬЯ

The aim of the work was to study the influence of bottle aging on the composition of organic acids and organoleptic properties of wines made from white grapevine varieties of Hungarian breeding growing in the Lower Don Region. The objects of the study were dry white wines made from grapevine varieties of Hungarian breeding − Bianca, Lakhedyi mesesh, Crystal, control − Aligote (Vitis vinifera L.), aged in a bottle from 1 to 3 years in the oenoteca of the Institute. The studies showed that during 3 years of aging the total content of organic acids (sum) decreased by 0.35−2.41 g/dm3. The largest decrease in the amount of organic acids was noted in the experimental wines from the variety Bianca (by 2.41 g/dm3). In the experimental wines the total amount of tartaric and malic acids was 56,8−76,3% of all the acids in the wine and decreased in the wines from variety Aligote (control) − by 11.2 %; Bianca − by 18.6 %; Lakhedi Mezesh − by 10,2 %; Kristall − by 7 % as it was aged in the bottle. The greatest decrease in tartaric acid concentration was observed in experimental wines of Bianca variety (by 2.4 g/dm3). In all the experiments the concentrations of succinic acid (by 13.3−28.3 %) and citric acid (by 20−38 %) decreased. The change of succinic acid content in the wines from Aligote variety (control) occurred after 2 years of aging in bottle, and of citric acid after 3 years of aging. In wines from varieties of Hungarian breeding (Bianca, Lakhedy Mesz, Crystal) it was observed that the change of citric acid content occurred after 2 years of aging and of amber acid content after 3 years. As a result of the organoleptic analysis it was determined that the highest tasting scores were given to Aligote (Control) (8,7−8,9 points) and Lakheddi mezesz (8,6−8,7 points), these wines during 3 years long aging had a bright varietal aroma, and more over their bouquet has improved, they have a light harmonious taste with a long pleasant aftertaste.

SYNTHESIS OF AMIDES WITH MONOETHANOLAMINE OF AMBER AND OXALIC ACID AND RESEARCH OF THEIR BACTERICIDE PROPERTIES

Amides were synthesized in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios of amber and oxalic acid with monoethanolamine. IR-spectra of the obtained substances were drawn, the structures were determined and confirmed, physicochemical properties were studied. 10% aqueous solutions of these substances were prepared, physicochemical properties were determined and bactericidal properties were studied. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N-mono­ethanolamide was 82.9% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 88% at 50 mg/l and 95% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N1, N2 - bis-monoethanolamide was 69% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 83.2% at 50 mg/l and 90% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. The bactericidal effect of oxalic acid has also been studied N-mono­ethanolamide was 82% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 91% at 50 mg/l and 97% at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Bactericidal efficacy of amber acid N1, N2 - bis-monoethanolamide was 85% at 25 mg/l of concentration, 94% at 50 mg/l and 97.6 at 100 mg/l of concentrations. Key words: amber acid, oxalic acid, bactericidal efficacy, N-monoethanolamide, N1,N -bis-monoethanolamide

Echinococcal fluid toxicity

To determine the toxicity of the constituent parts of this liquid, A.S. Brodsky (Tr. I Congress of Khir. North Caucasus. Territory) performed a number of experiments on guinea pigs, injecting them into the abdominal cavity, in an amount of 30 to Art., Solutions of amber acid, filtered echinococcal fluid, whole liquid and suspension from the fruit layer of echinococcus. The author was convinced that the toxicity of the echinococcal fluid is generally insignificant and depends on the derivatives of the fruit layer of the parasite in the liquid, with the living fruit layer and its derivatives being the most toxic.

RETRACTED: Effect of succinic acid on compression strength concrete material

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of succinic acid on concrete strength. Butanedioic acid, also known as amber acid and succinic acid, is a 1, 2-ethanedicarboxylic acid. In nature, succinic acid is found in its pure or esterified forms. Maleic anhydride is converted to succinic acid through catalytic hydrogenation. Succinic acid is used as a construction additive. Succinic acid is applied to concrete at a concentration of 0 to 2% by weight. Succinic acid has a plasticizing effect. Compression intensity increased as succinic acid concentration increased. Succinic acid performs optimally at a concentration of 1% in M30, M25, and M20 concrete.

Environmentally Friendly Polymer Compositions with Natural Amber Acid

Few scientific reports have suggested the possibility of using natural phenolic acids as functional substances, such as stabilizers for polymeric materials. The replacement of commercial stabilizers in the polymer industry can be beneficial to human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to obtain biodegradable composition of polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) with natural amber (succinic) acid. The materials were subjected to controlled thermooxidation and solar aging. The research methodology included thermal analysis, examination of surface energy, mechanical properties and spectrophotometric analysis of the color change after aging. The samples of aliphatic polyesters containing from 1 to 2 parts by weight of succinic acid were characterized by increased resistance to oxidation (DSC analysis). Natural acid, preferably at a concentration of 1–1.5 parts by weight, acted as a stabilizer in the polymer compositions. On the other hand, materials that had amber acid above 2 parts by weight added were more susceptible to oxidation (DSC). They also showed the lowest aging coefficients (K). The addition of acid at 2.5–4 parts by weight caused a pro-oxidative effect and accelerated aging. By adding amber acid to PLA and PHA, it is possible to design their time in service and their overall lifetime.

DEVELOPMENT OF LITHIUM–CONTAINING FEED ADDITIVE AND ITS USE FOR FORTIFICATION OF CHICKEN BROILERS MEAT AND BY-PRODUCTS

The article presents the researches on the development of a feed additive for broiler chickens, including succinic (amber) acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, lithium carbonate, L-carnitine, betaine. It was found that the introduction of the developed feed additive to mice food in a dose exceeding 5000 mg / kg per body weight did not affect the general condition of the animals. The experimental results did not allow determining the LD50 of the researched feed additive. The lithiumcontaining feed additive does not have chronic toxicity, does not cause pathological processes in the internal organs of mice and it belongs to hazard class IV (low-hazard substances). It was found that the introduction of a feed additive in amount of 2,350 g per 1 ton of mixed forage for broiler chickens (the concentration of ionized lithium is 66 mg per 1 kg of feed) allows increasing the content of lithium in cooked meat, minced meat and by-products in comparison with samples of products taken from the experimental group. The lithium content in boiled white meat is 0.418 mg / 100 g, which is 211% higher than in the control sample; 0.452 mg / 100 g in boiled red meat which is 426.4% higher than in the control sample. Eating of 300 g of boiled chicken meat fortified with lithium obtained in the process of broiler chickens cramming, this meat provides the recommended daily dose of the specified trace element. The obtained data allow using the raw meat and by-product for the production of lithium fortified food products.

Application of Octenyl Succinate Starch Ester (SSOS) in Peanut Beverage

In this paper, the effects of octenyl succinate starch ester, carrageenan, monoglyceride and sucr ose fatty acid ester compound emulsifier on the sensory evaluation of floating layer thickness, sedimentati on rate and precipitation were analyzed. the optimal scheme for making peanut protein beverage with octe nyl succinate starch ester was 0.09% xanthan gum,0.06% carrageenan,0.15% sucrose fatty acid ester and 0.15%monoglyceride. It is proved that the application of octenyl amber acid starch ester as stabilizer in peanut protein beverage is feasible.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ ВПЛИВ РЕГУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ АЗОТОФІТ, ЯНТАРНА КИСЛОТА ТА ВИМПЕЛ НА ДИНАМІКУ ПРОЦЕСІВ РОСТУ ТА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ СОРТУ ЮВІВАТА

Scientific research suggests that winter wheat cultivation technologies can be regulated by plant growth regulators. These substances have a complex effect on growth and development and facilitate plant growth and crop capacity.
 Three-year field studies were carried out using plant growth regulators of Azotophyte, Amber acid and Vympel to determine the dynamics of plant growth rates and their productivity. This made it possible to observe the influence of growth regulators before sewing and to establish their effectiveness at all stages of plant development. Seeds of winter wheat of the variety Jubiwata were treated with solutions of the substances under analysis. The experimental area was 40 m².
 The study demonstrated that the growth regulators do not influence the field germination rate of plants, but the percentage of germination was quite high in both control and experimental variants.
 As for the rates of plant height and root length, the first measurement of the average height of winter wheat plants in autumn demonstrated that Vympel was the most efficient. Its indicators exceeded the control variant by 3.4%. After the second measurement, the plant height increased in all variants. The fourth spring measurement showed that the most powerful was the effect by Amber acid. This compound significantly inhibited plant growth compared to other growth regulators and controls.
 The investigated plant growth regulators have a positive influence on the processes of root development of winter wheat plants in both autumn and spring time. This feature will provide a better nutrition of the plants.
 The weight of the dry matter after the first weighing was greater in the control and the variant treated with Nitrogen. The fourth weighing showed that the best effect on the dry matter mass was found by Azotophyte, which contributed to the increase of this indicator twice as much compared to the control. Amber acid, when used for pre-sowing seed treatment, exceeded the control value by 1.8 times.
 Stronger effect on the percentage of dry matter in the plant sample was found only by Vympel, under the influence of which this indicator was greater by 9 units compared to the control.
 The use of synthetic growth regulators significantly increases the productivity of winter wheat, namely the length of the complex ear, the number of grains and the weight of the compound ear.
 Thus, research has shown that plant growth regulators Azotophit, Amber acid and Vympel facilitate the growth and productivity of winter wheat plants of the Juvivat variety. Winter wheat crops can be treated with these substances before sowing. Determining the highest efficiency of each individual regulator, as well as the possibility of combining them to improve plant growth processes, requires further research.

ФОРМУВАННЯ АСИМІЛЯЦІЙНОГО АПАРАТУ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ СОРТУ ЮВІВАТА ЗА ДІЇ СИНТЕТИЧНИХ РЕГУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ

We have found out the effect of synthetic plant growth regulators – Azotofite, Vympel, Amber acid on assimilation processes of winter wheat sort Yuvivat in the autumn and spring periods.The formation of the assimilation surface for winter wheat plants is a decisive factor in increasing the productivity of the crop. It was ascertained that on the 12th day after the emergence of the stairs an increase in the assimilation surface of winter wheat under the influence of Vympel – by 7.8%, Amber acid – by 17.2%, Azotofite – by 20.3%.On spring period on 217 days after the emergence of the seedlings, an increase in the assimilation surface of winter wheat under the influence of Azotofite – by 40.2%, Vympel – by 32.2%, and Amber acid – by 22.8% compared to the control. Such an effect of Azotofite can be explained by the fact that it consists of cells of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum.In turn, Vympel, at the expense of humic acids in its composition, enhances root formation and improves nutrition, which helps to increase the growth of the above-ground part of plants.At 227 days after the appearance of the stairs, similar results were observed with the previous ones. The most effective was detected by Azotofite. He exceeded the control rate by 40.4%. The increase in the assimilation surface under the influence of Vympel was 33.1% compared with the control.The use of synthetic growth regulators had a positive effect on the formation of the mass of raw matter of winter wheat plants in the autumn and spring periods.Thus, the mass of raw matter of winter wheat plants increased by 3.4% during the autumn period under the influence of Vympel, by 12.8% by Amber acid. Azotofite, which exceeded the control index by 15.1%, showed the greatest efficiency.On 217 days after the emergence of the stairs, the increase in the mass of raw matter of plants under the influence of Vympel was at the level of 38.2%, Amber acid – 9%, Azotofite – 68% compared to control.On 227 day, the greatest effect on the growth of the mass of the raw matter of the plant was Azotofite (62.7% more than control), in the second place was the synthetic growth regulator Vympel, which increased the mass of the raw matter of the plant by 45% compared to the control.As a result of the research, it was found that the highest performance of photosynthesis was determined in versions using Azotofite and Vympel, where the net photosynthesis yield was 11.5 g/m2/day and 9.4 g/m2/day and exceeded the control values by 69.3% and 38.4% respectively.Thus, according to the results of studies of the physiological effects of synthetic growth regulators, it has been found that the most effective synthetic growth regulators that stimulate the assimilation processes of winter wheat during the studied periods are Azotofite and Vympel.

Formation of ultrafine spongy nanoporous metals (Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag and Au) by dealloying metallic glasses in acids with capping effect

The formation of ultrafine spongy nanoporous Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag and Au obtained by dealloying Mg-based metallic glasses in citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and amber acid is systematically investigated. The nanoporosity can generally be tuned by the capping efficiency of the acids, the precursor composition and dealloying conditions. Capping effect dominated dealloying is responsible for the novel nanoporosity via significantly increasing the activation energy of the surface diffusion process. This work demonstrates that capping agents involved dealloying is efficient to obtain ultrafine spongy nanoporosity and is important to further understand the dealloying mechanisms.

STATE OF CELL ENERGY SUPPLY AND ITS AND CORRECTION IN INTENSIVE CARE FOR GASTROINTESTINAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME IN NEONATES

In order to improve the intensive care for newborns with gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome by providing the grounds to use amber acid, we carried out a randomized clinical trial involving 110 newborns with gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome. The main group included newborns who received infusion with sodium succinate (n = 66) as a part of integrated therapy; the control group included the newborns who were not administered the above mentioned medication (n = 44). At the beginning of the study we observed a tendency towards the formation of lactate acidosis in the examined newborns, while no significant correlation was established between the severity of the gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome and the indicators of cell energy supply. At the end of the study, the cell energy supply indicators varied in both groups by reducing the level of lactic acid, its ratio regarding pyruvic acid and increase in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in newborns, who received amber acid in addition to the standard treatment. At the same time we observed a direct significant correlation between the severity of the syndrome of gastrointestinal insufficiency and the level of lactic acid. Thus, the examined newborns with gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome are found to start developing cell energy disorders that is reflected in the progression and severity of the syndrome. Administration of amber acid medications helps to improve the state of cell energy supply, reducing the manifestations of lactate acidosis and declining the severity and progression of gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF EXTRUDED FOODS WITH ALCOPROTECTIVE ACTION ON THE BASIS OF FISH RAW

The article analyzes the dynamics of consumer preferences of extruded snack foods on the basis of fish raw materials and substantiates the expediency of creating food compositions from grains of cereals and potato flakes enriched with fish powders, with regulated chemical composition and biological value. From the point of view of chemical and biochemical processes, the properties of glycine and amber acid are described as substances that neutralize the toxic effect of acetaldehyde in the human body during the use of low-alcohol beverages. The prospect of production of extruded products with components that prevent the destruction of liver and brain cells in the case of low-alcohol beverages is substantiated. The organoleptic evaluation of extruded products developed, the results of which proved the prospect of using fish powders for the production of extruded products. In the given work the technology of innovative food product - with functional alkoprotektornymi properties was presented. It is assumed that this product will expand the range of snack snacks to low-alcohol beverages and will be a reliable protection against the harmful effects of alcohol and its metabolism products in the human body.

Клиническая эффективность применения минералосодержащих препаратов и янтарной кислоты у спортсменов

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy of drugs that restore water-salt balance and improve energy metabolism in cells for the removal of post-workout symptoms. Materials and methods: 64 sportsmen from Kirov (Kirov region) took part in the study. The average age was 23.9 years (from 18 to 38 years). Sportsmen underwent questioning to identify their health problems, the presence of somatic diseases, medicines, that they are taking and post-training symptoms, such as joint pain, mscle pain etc. We provided medical examination of sportsmen in standard condition; blood test (potassium and magnesium content), ECG, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. All participants in this study were divided into 4 groups of 16 people (8 men and 8 women in each), to obtain statistically significant data. The I group took the complex «Asparcam + Amber Acid», the II group took «Asparcam», the III group took Calcium gluconate, the IV group was the control group. After 3 weeks from the beginning of the study, when the sportsmen completed the course of taking medicines, the second questionnaire was conducted to determine the efficiency of the prescribed medicines. Results: the study showed a high incidence of post-workout symptoms in athletes. Against the background of taking mineral-containing drugs and succinic acid, there was a decrease in the frequency of post-workout symptoms, especially a decrease in the frequency and intensity of muscle pain, as well as the frequency of convulsions in groups I and II of the study (p<0.05). Comparative analysis showed that the use of a combination of mineral-containing drugs with drugs that improve energy metabolism in cells, has a more effective effect on post-workout symptoms in athletes. Conclusion: the study proved the reliable clinical efficacy of mineral-containing drugs, especially when combined with succinic acid to remove symptoms of fatigue, a sense of heaviness in the legs, muscle pain and the appearance of convulsions of the lower extremities. The majority of athletes, especially those engaged in active sports, there is a need to take medicines that restore water-salt balance and improve energy metabolism in cells for faster relief of post-workout symptoms.

A Thermoanalytical Study of Mixtures of Polyvinyl Alcohol with Succinic Acid after Plastic Deformation under High Pressure

Mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol and amber acid of different composition were subjected to plastic deformation under the pressure of 1.5 GPa at the equipment of the Bridgman-anvil type and the DSC method was used to study heat processes in nondeformed and deformed samples. It is shown that two processes occur simultaneously in PVA under heating: the endothermal process of decomposition of intermolecular bonds and mass decrease related to loss of adsorbed water. After plastic deformation, a decrease in the enthalpy of melting occurred in both components of the PVC–amber-acid mixtures. A low-temperature phase with Tmelt 30–40° C lower than in the initial polymer was formed in the acid and a decrease in the relaxation process enthalpy was observed in the polymer.

Elimination of Product Inhibition by Ethanol Competitive Adsorption on Carbon Catalyst Support in a Maleic Acid Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump Hydrogenation Reactor

In the present work, a special competitive adsorbent, ethanol, is proposed for in situ release product inhibition of a hydrophobic product system from a hydrophobic carbon catalyst support. Product inhibition is serious in electrochemical hydrogen pump hydrogenation reactors (EHPRs) due to slow molecular diffusion of the products through the microporous flow channels (1–10 μm). The hydrogenation rate of maleic acid decreases rapidly with reaction time, only 37.4% retention after 10 h reaction. By introducing ethanol in the aqueous solution, both reaction rate and conversion after 10 h reach 1.46 folds of those without ethanol. Evidenced by competitive adsorption, the adsorption capacity of the product amber acid is decreased by 98% on carbon particles compared with that without ethanol. Ethanol takes most of the place of amber acid due to much better affinity with carbon support, which releases more amber acid molecules into the bulk solution and relieves product inhibition. Kinetics parameters are fitted...

FUNCTIONAL SPORTS FOOD BASED ON THE OAT GRAIN PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

Recently, the market of sport nutrition has been expanding due to high popularity of sports in human everyday life as well as popularity of healthy lifestyle principles. This article offers to consider and validates main stages to produce functional sport products based on oat grains. The production technology includes the following stages: Acceptance and quality evaluation of the raw stock; interim storage and preparation of raw stock for production stage; oat grain grinding; protein extraction from the raw stock; ultrafiltration; protein sedimentation; addition of vitamin and mineral mixture and cocoa powder; mixing; packing, labeling and storage of the end product. It is found that the greatest volume protein is extracted when the aqueous solution of 1 M sodium hydroxide is used (protein volume totaled to 93.65 ± 5.62%) at the similar technical parameters of acidic and alkali extraction. Ultrafiltration used to concentrate proteins with UPM-100 membrane contributes to the maximum degree of protein concentration (3.50 ± 0.21%). The protein is sedimented by the 10% aqueous solution of amber acid at the rate of active acidity of 4.4 units that allows an increase in the extent of protein sedimentation to 86.9 ± 5.21%. The end product obtained as per the scheme submitted has been studied for its organoleptic, physical and chemical and microbiological properties, including its blend composition. It’s been identified that the food product has pure taste and flavor appropriate of this product, with no foreign flavor and aroma. High content of protein, Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, as well as all essential amino acids are reported. The daily portion of the developed functional product contains 46.0% of vitamins and mineral substances against the rate of physiological need in them.

Fast photoelectro-reduction of CrVI over MoS2@TiO2 nanotubes on Ti wire

A stable MoS2 nanosheets@TiO2 NTAs composite was prepared via a simple hydrothermal process. Few-layer MoS2 nanosheets distributed on the TiO2 nanotube top surface and the inner walls rather than filling in the tubes, allowing abundant tubular channels open to environment and benefiting for efficient mass transport. Photocatalytic (PE) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of the composite were evaluated on CrVI reduction, with variable low molecule weight organic acids (LOAs) added as sacrificial electron donor to form a charge-transfer-complex (CTC) between LOAs and TiO2/MoS2, which is sensitive to the visible light illumination and could induce the photo-reduction of CrVI and photo-oxidation of LOAs. The overall trend of CrVI PEC rates are in the order as: L(+)-Tartaric acid>oxalic acid>citric acid>malic acid>amber acid, which is 103.9>62.5>31.2>21.6>2.5mg/Lmin−1cm−2, respectively. The improved catalytic performance and excellent stability of the composite can be attributed to the abundant active adsorption and reaction sites on MoS2 nanosheets and the formation of a heterojunction between TiO2 and MoS2. Moreover, the appropriate application of LOAs and voltage also have a great contribution to the utilization of sunlight and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers.

Корекція плацентарної дисфункції при вагітності, ускладненої олігоамніоном

The objective: assess the state of the phetoplacental complex (PPC) in oligohydramnions based on the study echoscopic violations of utero-placental-fruit blood flow, as well as the development and implementation of the algorithm of treatment and preventive measures to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes with the use of different methods of correction. Patients and methods. To solve the goal were examined 65 women in the period of 32-36 weeks of pregnancy with oligohydramnion. In all the pregnant women were observed hemodynamic disturbances in the PPC. The study group included 35 pregnant women with oligohydramnion that the traditional treatment of identified pathology has been added donator NO and Energoprojekt L-arginine, combined with a comprehensive medium for 2 weeks in a pregnancy from 27 to 29 weeks, and 33-34 weeks of gestation. The control group included 30 pregnant women with oligohydramnion who received traditional treatment depending on the identified etiological causes. Results. A clinical-statistical analysis based on the study of the incidence of water shortage, hemodynamic FPC and comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two methods of correction FPC with water scarcity – the traditional and the proposed (the use of donor of nitric oxide – L-arginine and energoprojekty – inosine). Conclusion. Using Tivortini in complex and comprehensive medicine for the correction of PPC with oligohydramnion, which is one of the few permitted and certified products in obstetrics, will reduce the number of obstetric and perinatal complications. Key words: pregnancy, placenta disfunction, oligohydramnions, tivortini, complex medicine (amber acid, nicotinamide, riboxin, Riboflavin mononucleotide).