State Of Amazonas Research Articles

Biogeography of the spread of bluetongue disease in sheep in Brazil

Bluetongue is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the genus Orbivirus within the family of the Sedoreoviridae. The virus can spread among sheep herds, increasing economic losses mainly due to the viral transmission being carried out by a biological vector directly affected by environmental conditions. In addition to Brazil having different biomes, it is also one of the countries with the most significant environmental commitment in recent years, which may interfere with the biogeography of the disease. Thus, the present study analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of Bluetongue (BT) in sheep and the detection of regions with a higher risk for the disease in different regions of Brazil between 2013 and 2021. During this study period, five states with official notification for BT were verified: Rio Grande do Sul (228 cases; Incidence Risk/100.000 [IR] = 5.7), Rio de Janeiro (116 cases; IR = 251.7), Amazonas (17 cases; IR = 41.12), Paraná (12 cases; IR = 2.0), and Minas Gerais (7 cases; IR = 3.7). When evaluating the annual distribution, Rio de Janeiro stood out in 2013, with an IR = 217.3, whereas Amazonas had the highest mortality rate (37.13%) in 2017. However, fatality rates of 100% were found in Rio Grande do Sul (for 53 cases) in 2017 and in Paraná (for 1 case) in 2019. The months with the highest case notifications were February and April, highlighting Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro as the main states that contributed to these notifications. We observed the formation of two clusters of high risk of the disease: i) cluster A (Relative Risk [RRs] = 63.04 between 2013 and 2015), formed by six states comprising all states from the South and part of the Southeast and Midwest, and, ii) cluster B (RRs = 180.52, in 2017), formed only by the state of Amazonas. Based on the results, BT is not evenly distributed among Brazilian states and concentrated in the southern region, especially Rio Grande do Sul. Important control and surveillance measures must be instituted to optimize national animal health programs in Brazil.

Virtual learning environments as mediators in continuing education in the state of Amazonas

The text presents the results of the research that analyzed with the Actor-Network Theory (TAR) the connections and controversies of the use of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) within the Amazonas State Public Education Network. With predominantly qualitative characteristics, it had in the theoretical-methodological guidelines present in TAR and in the principles of the cartographic method in Deleuze and Guattari (1995; 2000) and clues to follow the actants understood the human and non-human actors in their networks of associations. With TAR, we followed the initial controversy and its unfoldings that elucidated the action of the AVA both as mediator and as intermediary in the collective that participated.

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Risk Assessment in Bovine Milk from the Amazon Region

Aflatoxins (AFL) are fungal metabolites that can contaminate animal feed, causing toxic effects after consumption. Among the AFL, there are reports of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk, so the objective of this work was to evaluate the AFM1 content in bovine milk samples produced in the State of Amazonas-Brazil. Of the analyzed samples (n=30), 20% were found to be contaminated with AFM1 in the range of 0.093-0.320 μg/kg (Limit of detection= 0.0625 μg/mL). No sample exceeded current Brazilian legislation, but all exceeded the maximum European regulatory limit of 0.05 μg/kg. Risk analysis estimated a daily intake of 5.357 x 10-7 mg/kg body weight/day for men and 6.257 x 10-7 mg/kg body weight/day for women. The MOE result did not indicate concern in public health aspects. On the other hand, the occurrence of AFM1 in the state of Amazonas was observed in an unprecedented way and need further investigation including other dairy products.

Bioassay-guided isolation of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Byrsonima garcibarrigae Cuatrec.

Introduction:Byrsonima garcibarrigae is an endemic tree of Amazonas state, Brazil, with pharmacological and chemical knowledge poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic potential of the B. garcibarrigae stem bark. Methods: The stem bark was sequentially extracted by maceration with hexane (EHBG), ethyl acetate (EABG), and methanol (EMBG). The antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials and anti-glycation capacities were evaluated. A bio-guided fractionation gave compounds that were characterized by MS and NMR. Results: 8 compounds were identified by HPLC-MS. EMBG showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (1.09±0.32 μg/mL), antioxidant activity (9.2±0.23 μg/mL) and phenolic compounds content (61.43±0.50%), thus was fractionated producing hexane (FHX), chloroform (FCL) and hydromethanolic (FHM) fractions. After additional anti-α-glucosidase assays, FHM (1.02±0.49 μg/mL) was fractionated giving quercitrin and epicatechin. The anti-glycation assay showed that EMBG, FHM and quercitrin presented higher activities in comparison to the positive control, aminoguanidine. Conclusions:B. garcibarrigae displayed antidiabetic potential since inhibited α-glucosidase, as well as presented expressive antioxidant and anti-glycation activities were recorded.

The impact of SMES characteristics on management accounting practices: Evidence from the state of Amazonas

The impact of SMES characteristics on management accounting practices: Evidence from the state of Amazonas

Correlation between caffeine and coprostanol in contrasting Amazonian water bodies

The evaluation of contamination by domestic sewage is relevant in the Amazon region; however, it has neither been well-developed nor accompanied by research or monitoring programs. In this study, caffeine and coprostanol as indicators of sewage were investigated in water samples from Amazonian water bodies that crisscross the city of Manaus (Amazonas state, Brazil) and cover regions with distinct main land uses such as high-density residential, low-density residential, commercial, industrial, and environmental protection areas. Thirty-one water samples were studied based on their dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) fractions. Quantitative determination of both caffeine and coprostanol was carried out using LC-MS/MS with APCI in the positive ionization mode. The streams of the urban area of Manaus had the highest concentrations of caffeine (1.47–69.65 μg L−1) and coprostanol (2.88–46.92 μg L−1). Samples from the peri-urban Tarumã-Açu stream and from the streams in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve showed much lower concentrations of caffeine (20.20–165.78 ng L−1) and coprostanol (31.49–120.44 ng L−1). Samples from the Negro River showed a wider range of concentrations of caffeine (20.59–873.59 ng L−1) and coprostanol (31.72–706.46 ng L−1), with the highest values found in the outfalls of the urban streams. Levels of caffeine and coprostanol were significantly positively correlated in the different organic matter fractions. The coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) ratio proved to be a more suitable parameter than the coprostanol/cholesterol one in low-density residential areas. Proximity to densely populated areas and the flow of water bodies appear to influence the caffeine and coprostanol concentrations, which was observed in their clustering in the multivariate analysis. The results indicate that caffeine and coprostanol can be detected even in water bodies that receive very low domestic sewage input. Therefore, this study revealed that both caffeine in DOM and coprostanol in POM represent viable alternatives for use in studies and monitoring programs even in remote areas of the Amazon, where microbiological analyses are often unfeasible.

Revision of Periboeum Thomson, 1864 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) with the description of two new species

Abstract Herein, we present a revision of Periboeum Thomson, 1864 and its species, which are redescribed based on a detailed morphological study of exoskeleton. In addition, two new species are described from Brazil: Periboeum birai sp. nov. from the Caatinga biome (Bahia state) and Periboeum santossilvai sp. nov. from the Amazon biome (Pará and Amazonas states). The following synonymies are also proposed: P. acuminatum (Thomson, 1861) = P. atylodes Salvador, 1978 syn. nov.; P. ocellatum Gounelle, 1909 = P. maculatum Magno, 1987 syn. nov.; Sphaerion inerme White, 1853 = P. aduncum Napp & Martins, 1984 syn. nov. The following new combination is also proposed, Mephritus paucispinum (Lameere, 1890) comb. nov. (previously allocated in Periboeum). Additionally, we present new distributional records for P. obscuricone, Martins & Monné, 1975 (Peru and Argentina), P. terminatum (Perroud, 1855) (Uruguay), and P. vicinum (Perroud, 1855) (Bolivia). An updated key, photographs of all species (including types, when available), distribution maps, scanning electron microscopy images and schematic drawings are provided. Through this study, we conclude that transversal wrinkles near the posterior margin of pronotum (in some species, it is present on the entire pronotum) should be included as a new diagnostic feature for the genus.

Barriers and facilitators to confronting HIV/aids and syphilis experienced by Venezuelan women living in BrazilFactores facilitadores y barreras que tienen las mujeres venezolanas residentes en Brasil respecto de la infección por el VIH/sida y la sífilis

To describe the perception of Venezuelan women regarding access to health care, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/aids and syphilis in Brazil. This is a descriptive, exploratory study employing a qualitative approach, performed from February to May 2021 in the municipalities of Manaus, state of Amazonas, and Boa Vista, state of Roraima. The interviews with participants were fully transcribed, with identification of themes based on content analysis. Forty women were interviewed (20 in Manaus and 20 in Boa Vista). Following transcription and translation of the accounts, two analytical categories were identified: barriers to healthcare access, with four subcategories - language, cost, adverse drug reactions, and COVID-19 pandemic; and facilitators of healthcare access, again with four subcategories - Unified Health System (SUS), National Policy of Comprehensive Women's Health, National Social Assistance Policy, and relationship between healthcare professionals and SUS users. The results showed the need to design strategies to mitigate the difficulties faced by migrant women from Venezuela living in Brazil regarding the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/aids and syphilis, going beyond the healthcare support guaranteed by law.

Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records

Three new species of Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911 are described and illustrated from the Brazilian Amazon, two in the nominotypical subgenus Stilobezzia: S. (Stilobezzia) brasiliensis n. sp. and S. (Stilobezzia) campinaranensis n. sp., and one in the subgenus Acanthohelea: S. (Acanthohelea) medialuna n. sp. We also redescribe and re-illustrate S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane based on the examination of type material and additional specimens. In addition, S. (Eukraiohelea) proxima Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer, S. (Eukraiohelea) quasielegantula Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer, S. (Stilobezzia) chaconi Macfie, S. (Stilobezzia) glauca Macfie, and S. (Stilobezzia) maculata are recorded for the first time from the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. The number of Stilobezzia species in Brazilian Amazon increases from 11 to 19.

Perspectives on snakebite envenoming care needs across different sociocultural contexts and health systems: A comparative qualitative analysis among US and Brazilian health providers.

With the advancements in therapeutics and available treatment options, almost all deaths and permanent disabilities from snakebite envenoming (SBE) are preventable. The challenge lies in implementing these evidence-based treatments and practices across different settings and populations. This study aims to compare data on provider perceptions of SBE care across health systems and cultural contexts to inform potential implementation science approaches. We hypothesize different health systems and cultural contexts will influence specific perceived needs to provide adequate snakebite care within central tenets of care delivery (e.g., cost, access, human resources). We previously conducted exploratory descriptive studies in the US and Brazil in order to understand the experience, knowledge, and perceptions of health professionals treating SBE. In the US, in-depth interviews were performed with emergency physicians from January 2020 to March 2020. In BR, focus group discussions were conducted with health professionals from community health centers at the end of June 2021. The focus group discussions (BR) were originally analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis approach. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis in which this codebook was then applied to the interviews (US) in a deductive content analysis. The analysis concluded in August 2022. Brazil participants were physicians (n=5) or nurses (n=20) from three municipalities in the State of Amazonas with an average of three years of professional experience. US participants were emergency physicians (n=16) with an average of 15 years of professional experience. Four main themes emerged: 1) barriers to adequate care on the patient and/or community side and 2) on the health system side, 3) perceived considerations for how to address SBE, and 4) identified needs for improving care. There were 25 subthemes within the four themes. These subthemes were largely the same across the Brazil and US data, but the rationale and content within each shared subtheme varied significantly. For example, the subtheme "role of health professionals in improving care" extended across Brazil and the US. Brazil emphasized the need for task-shifting and -sharing amongst health care disciplines, whereas the US suggested specialized approaches geared toward increasing access to toxicologists and other referral resources. Despite similar core barriers to adequate snakebite envenoming care and factors to consider when trying to improve care delivery, health professionals in different health systems and sociocultural contexts identified different needs. Accounting for, and understanding, these differences is crucial to the success of initiatives intended to strengthen snakebite envenoming care. Implementation science efforts, with explicit health professional input, should be applied to develop new and/or adapt existing evidence-based treatments and practices for SBE.

THE SPETACLED CAIMAN (Caiman crocodilus, CROCODYLIA, ALLIGATORIDAE) AS A PREDATOR OF THE AMAZON SAILFIN-CATFISH (Pterygoplichthys pardalis, SILURIFORMES, LORICARIDAE)

We report an event of a Caiman crocodilus consuming the catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis. A list of known prey items of C. crocodilus was also compiled from the literature, including known vertebrate and invertebrate items for this species. The predation event was observed at the margin of a lagoon in Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, during a fieldwork study in 2020. The literature survey revealed 250 distinct prey items for this caiman, of which 150 are invertebrates (89 Insecta, 24 Crustacea, 14 Mollusca,10 Arachnida, 10 Myriapoda, 2 Annelida, and 1 Platyhelminthes) and 100 are vertebrates (53 fishes, 16 reptiles, 11 amphibians, 10 birds, and 10 mammals). Among fishes, only three Siluriformes have been taxonomically identified as C. crocodilus preys: Hoplosternum littorale, Clarias batrachus, and Ameiurus nebulosus. Therefore, the catfish P. pardalis represents a new prey specie for C. crocodilus. Our field observation and the presented literature review reinforce the view of C. crocodilus as a generalist predator, with fish as the most important vertebrate prey in the diet of this species.

The stability analysis of a co-circulation model for COVID-19, dengue, and zika with nonlinear incidence rates and vaccination strategies

This paper aims to study the impacts of COVID-19 and dengue vaccinations on the dynamics of zika transmission by developing a vaccination model with the incorporation of saturated incidence rates. Analyses are performed to assess the qualitative behavior of the model. Carrying out bifurcation analysis of the model, it was concluded that co-infection, super-infection and also re-infection with same or different disease could trigger backward bifurcation. Employing well-formulated Lyapunov functions, the model’s equilibria are shown to be globally stable for a certain scenario. Moreover, global sensitivity analyses are performed out to assess the impact of dominant parameters that drive each disease’s dynamics and its co-infection. Model fitting is performed on the actual data for the state of Amazonas in Brazil. The fittings reveal that our model behaves very well with the data. The significance of saturated incidence rates on the dynamics of three diseases is also highlighted. Based on the numerical investigation of the model, it was observed that increased vaccination efforts against COVID-19 and dengue could positively impact zika dynamics and the co-spread of triple infections.

Microsatellite DNA markers for the commercially important fish Hypophthalmus donascimientoi (Pisces: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Amazon basin: isolation, characterization and amplification in congeneric species.

The genus Hypophthalmus comprises six species (H. edentatus, H. marginatus, H. fimbriatus, and H. oremaculatus), and the recently described: H. donascimientoi and H. celiae. The popular name for Hypophthalmus spp. in Brazil is mapará, this name refers to the six species. This group of fish has commercial importance for the states of Amazonas and Pará and, for this reason, requires studies to identify fish stocks. One approach is to use molecular markers, which have been very useful in studies with identification and population analysis of fish. Microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs) are one of the most informative markers for this purpose. There is little populations study of Hypophthalmus using SSRs, and there are less than six loci for the species Hypophthalmus marginatus available in the literature. With the construction of a genomic library of H. donascimientoi, we aimed to isolate and characterize SSRS markers and evaluate the extent of interspecific amplification. A genomic library was constructed with regions enriched of microsatellite for Hypophthalmus donascimientoi. A total of 126 contigs with 42 SSRs were used to design flanking primers for 39 microsatellites. Fifteen loci were characterized in three locations of the Solimões/Amazonas Rivers. The number of alleles ranged from one to 17 with a total of 126 alleles. The mean observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were 0.721-0.692, respectively (S.d. HO 0.061 and HE 0.060). Two loci showed significant deviation in the HWE. The PIC ranged from 0.375 to 0.908. Such identified, 12 highly informative loci, and two moderately informative loci. Among the fifteen loci characterized, seven were successfully amplified in four other species of the genus. The microsatellite showed promise for estimating the genetic variability of H. donascimientoi and can be used as an efficient tool in population analyses of this species and in congeneric species analyzed.

Income Inequality of the Brazilian Amazon Population

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of income distribution in the Amazonian States of Brazil from 2004 to 2015. As complementary objectives, we sought to determine the immediate causes of any differences of Household Income Per Capita (HIPC) distribution in the Legal Amazon, based on the static decomposition of the Gini Index, and to analyze the dynamic decomposition of the Gini Index considering HIPC portions. This methodology used microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) for the analyzed period. As a result, the Gini index of the Legal Amazon HIPC performed differently from that of Brazil (without Legal Amazon). The HIPC portion formed by the income of military and civil servants from the Legal Amazon stood out for having the highest degree of negative progressivity when compared to the rest of the country, whereas “government transfers” had the highest degree of positive progressivity, being responsible for 36.7 of the Gini Index variation from 2004 to 2015.

Reflections of a Baniwa artist

In this interview, Denilson Baniwa (Barcelos, Amazon state, 1984) analyses his origin as an activist in the indigenous movement of the Amazon region, working as a graphic designer and social communicator. After moving to Manaus and, later on, to Niterói, Rio de Janeiro state, he took on a more active role as a visual artist and curator. During that time, he grew increasingly cognizant of the impact of the artistic symbols produced by Brazilian academicism in relation to his own history as an indigenous person. Baniwa then analyses the relationship between his art and the environmental crisis, believing that the interdisciplinary nature of his practice is an optimal medium to intervene in reality through the changing of consciousness of onlookers.

Variants of NOD2 in Leishmania guyanensis-infected patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and correlations with plasma circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Leishmaniases, a group of vector-borne diseases, are caused by the protozoan intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) and are transmitted by the phlebotomine sandflies. A wide range of clinical manifestations in L- infection is observed. The clinical outcome ranges from asymptomatic, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to severe mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), depending on the L. species. Interestingly, only a fraction of L.-infected individuals progress to disease development, suggesting a key role of host genetics in the clinical outcome. NOD2 plays a critical role in the control of host defense and inflammation. The NOD2-RIK2 pathway is involved in developing a Th1- type response in patients with VL and C57BL/6 mice infected with L. infantum. We investigated whether variants in the NOD2 gene (R702W rs2066844, G908R rs2066845, and L1007fsinsC rs2066847) are associated with susceptibility to CL caused by L. guyanensis (Lg) in 837 patients with Lg-Cl and 797 healthy controls (HC) with no history of leishmaniasis. Both patients and HC are from the same endemic area of the Amazonas state of Brazil. The variants R702W and G908R were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and L1007fsinsC was by direct nucleotide sequencing. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of L1007fsinsC was 0.5% among the patients with Lg-CL and 0.6% in the healthy controls group. R702W genotypes frequencies were similar in both groups. Only 1% and 1.6% were heterozygous for G908R among the patients with Lg-CL and HC, respectively. None of the variants revealed any association with susceptibility to the development of Lg-CL. Correlations of genotypes with the level of plasma cytokines revealed that individuals with the mutant alleles of R702W tend to have low levels of IFN-γ. G908R heterozygotes also tend to have low IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-8. Variants of NOD2 are not involved in the pathogenesis of Lg-CL.

The advance of industrial biotechnology in the State of Amazonas

Industrial Biotechnology has been seen as the production of the future, and can be an object of study and organizational strategy. The objective of this research is to analyze the development of industrial biotechnology in the State of Amazonas. This is a research with a quali-quanti approach with an exploratory and descriptive approach. Mapping of existing companies and research institutes in the State of Amazonas was carried out, through bibliographic and exploratory research on websites and official sites. The results showed that in the State of Amazonas, only 4 companies appear on the Biotech Map (2023), of which three are national and one is a startup. But, during the research, it was verified the existence of several other companies in the state of Amazonas that have productive activities focused on the concepts of industrial biotechnology, of which some were listed and presented in this study.

Notification of malaria cases in the Brazilian Amazon Basin from 2010 to 2020: an analysis of the reporting times

BackgroundAs controlling malaria transmission remains a public-health challenge in the Brazilian Amazon basin, the National Surveillance System for Malaria (SIVEP-MALARIA) has registered malaria notifications for over fifteen years helping in the decision-making on control and elimination. As a surveillance database, the system is prone to reporting delays, and knowledge about reporting patterns is essential in decisions.MethodsThis study contains an analysis of temporal and state trends of reporting times in a total of 1,580,617 individual malaria reports from January 2010 to December 2020, applying procedures for statistical distribution fitting. A nowcasting technique was applied to show an estimation of number of cases using a statistical model of reporting delays.ResultsReporting delays increased over time for the states of Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima, and Pará. Amapá has maintained a similar reporting delay pattern, while Acre decreased reporting delay between 2010 and 2020. Predictions were more accurate in states with lower reporting delays. The temporal evolution of reporting delays only showed a decrease in malaria reports in Acre from 2010 to 2020.ConclusionMalaria notifications may take days or weeks to enter the national surveillance database. The reporting times are likely to impact incidence estimation over periods when data is incomplete, whilst the impact of delays becomes smaller for retrospective analysis. Short-term assessments for the estimation of malaria incidence from the malaria control programme must deal with reporting delays.

Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms Influencing in hematological indices from sickle cell Anemia Patients

The homozygous hemoglobin SS is characterized Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), altering the original structure of erythrocytes to a sickle shape. The hemoglobinopathies encompass all genetic diseases of hemoglobin and the SCA is the one that presents the greatest clinical manifestations variability and also the most severe ones, causing chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusive crises and severe anemia in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of rs2069832, rs2069835, rs2069840, rs2069845 and rs2069849 polymorphisms in the Interleukin-6 gene in the hematological values of SCA patients treated at Fundação HEMOAM, Manaus, AM. The inclusion of patients was carried out through outpatient care at HEMOAM. Genomic DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) and molecular analyzes by TaqMan® probes on Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 6 Flex Real-Time PCR System. A total of 277 SCA patients were included in this study, having the female gender having a minimally higher frequency (55.3%). The mean age at diagnosis was approximately three years old, with brown race being the most predominant (77.6%). The rs2069832_AA and rs2069845_AA genotypes showed high values for red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit indices, by having an important role as a protective factor for hemolysis in these patients. While the rs2069835_CC genotype showed decreased values for the same hematimetric indices, demonstrating to be a potential risk factor for increased hemolysis. No significant correlation in hematimetric indices was observed for the rs2069840 and rs2069849 genotypes. There are few studies correlating the genetic variants of the IL-6 gene in SCA in the state of Amazonas, however, it is known that IL-6 is involved in cell proliferation and greater response to inflammatory cytokines, and may modulate the clinical response in these patients, such as chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion and infections. Our work demonstrated associations of risk and protective IL-6 genotypes for possible hemolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia. We understand that an investigation with a larger number of patients would be recommended to elucidate the roles of the studied polymorphisms in sickle cell anemia. In addition, elucidating the role of Il-6 in sickle cell anemia may lead to the development of new strategies and therapies to prevent the systemic effects of excessive cytokine production and, consequently, reduce the severity of crises in these patients, providing better prognosis, clinical follow-up and welfare.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF POLISTES (EPICNEMIUS) (VESPIDAE: POLISTINAE: POLISTINI)

The genus Polistes Latreille 1802 is the only cosmopolitan genus in the social Vespidae. In this paper, a new species of the genus is described, Polistes (Epicnemius) orlandoi Somavilla & Carpenter sp. n., collected in Amazonas State, Brazil. The male genitalia are described and comparative remarks are given.