Alternative Development Model Research Articles

How do planners manage risk in alternative land development models? An institutional analysis of land development in the Netherlands

While risk is a key concern in property development, it tends to be discussed by planners only relative to the effects of regulatory planning on private sector risk. Yet planning encompasses a broad range of activities that go beyond its function of regulating private sector development. Despite active approaches to land development being commonly used across different planning contexts, frameworks for analysing public sector strategies to address risk are rarely discussed. We attempt to redress this deficit by investigating the actions of public sector development actors with regard to risk across three different land development models: public land development, land development by public-private partnership, and land readjustment. Using recent Dutch experience, we conduct an institutional analysis of each land development model in order to highlight the effects of alternative governance structures on risk as a particular transaction attribute, from the perspective of public sector planning. Our findings indicate the importance of highlighting the role of public risk in alternative models of land development where there may be a tendency to adopt institutional arrangements without due regard to this, and point to possible future applications of institutional analysis at the particular, rather than the general, level.

Prospects and Challenges of Crowdfunding Financing Model for Housing Delivery in Lagos, Nigeria

Presently, there is a growing clamour for alternative financing models for housing development. This clamour is due to the perceived issues associated with traditional debt and equity financing models. Therefore, this study presents an attempt to assess the prospects and challenges of crowdfunding financing model for housing delivery in Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey approach by administering questionnaires to Estate firms situated in Lagos. The study found that the awareness of the concept of crowdfunding is the factor that presents the greatest challenge to the practice. Other important factors are by the perceived benefits that will accrue from achieving the project, availability of extant laws, regulatory framework and agency, state of the economy, and time taken to pool funds together.

Food sovereignty and neo-extractivism: limits and possibilities of an alternative development model

ABSTRACT Food sovereignty and neo-extractivism are two highly contentious concepts that have emerged in the development studies literature and as development alternatives pursued predominantly by governments in Latin America. This paper engages with both Critical Development Studies (CDS) and Critical Globalization Studies (CGS) to analyze the dynamics of this post-neoliberal model in Bolivia, providing insights into the convergences and contradictions of neo-extractivism and food sovereignty. Rather than challenging or transforming the neoliberal model of development, it is argued that the post-neoliberal model has been used strategically by states to gain and maintain legitimacy while facilitating and even exacerbating exploitative forms of extractivism for the accumulation of wealth and power. This has been possible, in part, due to the contradictory class positions that have materialized as the rural poor are increasingly dependent upon, and adversely incorporated into, new ‘modes of extraction’.

Aid donors, democracy and the developmental state in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The “developmental state” has become a prominent alternative development model defended by contemporary Western aid donors, particularly in Africa. Purported “developmental states,” such as Ethiopia and Rwanda, are argued to possess strong-willed, visionary leaderships whose commitment to delivering on ambitious development plans renders them attractive donor partners. These leaderships are also, however, often authoritarian and unapologetic when criticized for democratic backsliding or human rights abuses. For many Western donors this represents a tolerable trade-off. The purpose of this article is to interrogate, critique and explain the assumptions and ideas underlying this trade-off. Using the case study of Ethiopia, we argue that donor officials’ understandings of “developmental state” are varied, vague and superficial, the main commonality being a “strong” regime with “political will” and a non-negotiable approach to domestic governance. We suggest that donors have too readily and uncritically accepted, internalized and deployed these notions, using the “developmental state” concept to justify their withdrawal from serious engagement on democratic reform. This derives from a systemic donor preference for depoliticized development models, as well as from Ethiopian officials’ own savvy political manoeuvrings. It has also, however, weakened donors’ position of influence at a time when the Ethiopian regime is debating major political reform.

Environmentality by the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change: Neoliberal ethos and the production of environmental subjects in Acre and Mozambique

As part of the transnational governance of the environment, platforms like the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) have created a regime that seeks to reinforce and reproduce the neoliberal ethos that informs current environmental conservation initiatives, as well as that seeks to produce environmental subjects. Such ethos is expressed through the preference for market-based solutions, principles of individual responsibility, or incentives to self-government. Drawing on ethnographic research in Acre (Brazil) and Mozambique, I explore some of the local elements of this neoliberal ethos. I use two public events about climate change to contend that such events constitute local instantiations of the UNFCCC's environmentality, by collectively performing and reproducing the neoliberal ethos that is encapsulated in the governance of the problem of climate change. These collective performances are important for the crystallization of a narrative that explains the reality and the terms of understanding future realities, thus contributing to processes of subjectification. The performances of these narratives are also important instances of mediation between the local and the transnational. I argue that although the production of environmental subjects promoted by the UNFCCC necessarily implies the erasure of localities, such subjectification depends on its indexation to local specificities. Ultimately, the reproduction of these environmental subjects—and the neoliberal ethos that undergirds their own constitution—has the potential to preclude the imagination of alternative models of development and of fighting climate change.

Shifting Paradigms Revisited: Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Sciences.

In 2003, Crommelin etal. published an article titled: "Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs" (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00376-4). In the present commentary, 16 years later, we discuss pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the evolution of biologics since then. First, we discuss the increasing repertoire of biologics, in particular, the rapidly growing monoclonal antibody family and the advent of advanced therapy medicinal products. Next, we discuss trends in formulation and characterization as well as summarize our current insights into immunogenicity of biologics. We spend a separate section on new product(ion) paradigms for biologics, such as cell-free production systems, production of advanced therapy medicinal products, and downscaled production approaches. Furthermore, we share our views on issues related to reaching the patient, including routes and techniques of administration, alternative development models for affordable biologics, biosimilars, and handling of biologics. In the concluding section, we outline outstanding issues and make some suggestions for resolving those.

Effect of Ethic Discourse in the Sustainability of Architecture

Ethics is related to human life in all its aspects, architecture is one of the most important fields of human life that affect and be affected, so studies must be exposed to the subject of the ethics of architecture in all its concepts and dimensions so that architecture can build its ethic constitution with a base of values and principles. After adopting unbalanced consumption pattern In dealing with available resource leaving environmental crises, people interested in humanitarian, environmental issues called for adopting a sustainable alternative development model that aims to achieve harmony between the developmental goals and sustainability of the environment, the sustainability concept of ethical values and importance of a discourse as a channel for communicating ideas and expressing them, made research adopting the concept of ethic discourse and its impact in the sustainability of architecture to show its importance. The problem of the research is that there is no clear cognitive perception about the role of the concept of ethic discourse in the sustainability of architecture and its elements, components. The aim of the research is to present a conceptual model for sustainable ethical discourse in architecture to produce a valuable architecture that will help build a society of human architecture with an ethic dimension.

Waste recycling as direction of increase in efficiency of use of resources

The article investigates the approaches of waste management, studied and analyzed the ways of using waste for further production of goods. Special attention is paid to the study of the main tasks, principles of economic regulation in the field of waste management in the Russian Federation. The directions of ensuring environmentally safe waste management are presented; alternative models of development of ecological strategy of the enterprise are formed.

Features of the development of social innovations in the field of energy management

In modern development conditions of Russian energy sector, the innovative approach method is recommended to use. Due to the presence number of global and local problems, the need to modernize the social reality in energy management arise. In these conditions, the major tool is the innovative social designing. The innovative development of energy, described in the framework of long cycles, appears today in a dual context: technological (improving the efficiency of existing technological processes, the emergence of fundamentally new technologies and energy resources) and social (development of synergetic and Smart directions, organizational management and systems of integrated innovation management). Innovative processes, their implementation in new products and technologies are the foundations of economic development. In the works of foreign authors developed the theoretical foundations of the organization of social innovation projects, much attention is paid to the introduction of scientific and technical achievements, taking into account the features of modern production. Innovation as an economic category is now more relevant than ever and reflects the most common features, attributes, links and relations of production and implementation of innovations. Innovation as an economic category is now more relevant than ever and reflects the most common features, attributes, links and relations of production and implementation of innovations. Innovation plays a special role in improving the competitiveness of enterprises. Social innovations in the energy sector offer alternative development models and greater stakeholder participation, but there is a number of features in this type of innovation. In the current economic conditions, it is necessary to maximize efforts in the field of practical application of social innovation projects in the energy sector, a successful implementation of which provides opportunities for alternative development models and ensures the competitive attractiveness of business entities for both the consumer groups and investment infusions.

Evolution of fluviokarst canyons in response to the Quaternary tectonic uplift of the Apulia Carbonate Platform (southern Italy): Insights from morphometric analysis of drainage basins

The evolution of fluviokarst landscapes results from the interplay of karst and fluvial processes, all driven by rock uplift or base level fall. The fluviokarst landscape of the Murge Plateau in the central Apulian Region (southeastern Italy) is characterized by narrow, steep-sided, V-shaped canyons, locally called ‘Gravine’, and deeply incised into the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Bradanic Trough and the underlying Apulian limestone bedrock. Previous studies propose alternative models of canyons development, however identifying a dominant morphogenetic process for the evolution of the ‘Gravine’ fluviokarst drainage basins remains an open question. The results of our regional morphometric analysis reveal a marked transition from the relict, low-relief landscape preserved in the Murge uplands to the steep channel reaches below prominent knickpoints showing evidence of a transient wave of river incision that is propagating inland. We observe anomalies of mean local relief and channel steepness, and the distribution of fluvial knickpoints consistent with a regional uplift affecting the Murge Plateau since Middle-Late Pleistocene. These findings demonstrate that the history of landscape evolution was dominated by fluvial processes. Using transformed river profile analysis we show that χ anomalies in the ‘Gravine’ trunk channels indicate drainage basin instability by drainage area capture. The convex-shape of the hypsometric curves and high hypsometric integrals confirm that the disequilibrium state of the 13 analyzed basins results from a combination of regional uplift and subsequent river network reorganization and plateau area captures. Based on our results, we propose a new model of landscape evolution for the ‘Gravine’ fluviokarst drainage basins.

MAIN BLOCKS AND MODELS OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATIVE SYSTEM

Urgency of the research. In our article, on the bases of analysis of the national system of the world, it is also discussed models of innovative development on the example of individual countries: Euro –Atlantic, Eastern Asian, alternative and triple spiral models. Target setting. That the system of scientific knowledge is becoming dominant of economic growth, as well as the system of new processes, products and services, and new forms of business organization. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The combination of the national innovative system blocks has been studied in this: creative block, block of the technological transfer, financing block, production block, staff training block. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Component blocks of the basic structure of national innovative system generate knowledge, they make innovative infrastructure, produce innovative production and implement state policy The research objective. We will try to make modest bit in the setting of the said problem and the scheme of learning conceptual grounds. The statement of basic materials. Alternative model of innovation development is mostly used in agrarian countries having no scientific potential of fundamental and applied nature, having no rich reserves of raw materials, processing technologies, realized of which may become grounds of national competitiveness. Thus, not only fundamental and applied scientific block, but also high-tech component is weakly represented in such innovation system. Conclusions. Hence – future belongs to the innovation economy. Due to this point of view of American economists regarding the fact that formation of national innovation systems in USA is the most important phenomenon in the 20th century.

The analysis of the spatial layout of land in relation to less favoured areas (LFA) in the Milejów comune, Łęczna district

Rural land in Poland accounts for more than 90% of the area of the country and plays a very significant role. It is inhabited by 38.1% of the population. Unfortunately, these people are largely unemployed. The present status of the agricultural production space is a result of many centuries of human activity closely connected with social and economic, legal and political conditions. The spatial arrangement of land in the rural areas of central, southern, south eastern and eastern Poland, developed by historical processes, is characterized by the frequent occurrence of individual plot patchworks. An incorrect configuration of land owned by farmers considerably affects the profitability and effectiveness of agricultural production. The accession of Poland to the European Union offered many options for development to our country and in particular to the Polish countryside. Reconstruction of the defective spatial structure in Poland is one of the priorities of the EU’s agricultural policy. Numerous development programmes (SOP, RDP) are used for financing land consolidation and exchange works which are one of the basic tools for transforming ownership and structural relations in rural areas. With regard to the fact that agricultural land in Poland is greatly differentiated, particular attention should be paid to less favoured areas (LFA). It seems obvious that farmers in LFA are not able to generate the same earnings from crops as those generated by farmers in favoured areas. For the purposes of this publication, detailed surveys were carried out in the Milejów commune, Łęczna district, Lublin voivodship. Five villages in that commune were classified as less favoured areas. The analyses showed that Milejów is one of two communes in the Łęczna district with the smallest average area of plot owned by individual farmers. Based on the analysis of the structure of ownership and use, fragmentation and distribution of plots, as well as identification of less favoured areas, an alternative land development model was proposed, along with the reconstruction of the existing arrangement of land through comprehensive consolidation and exchange of land.

Post-hegemonyacı dünya düzeni altında Çin'in Avrasya bölgeciliği

How does the growing emphasis of Chinese foreign policy on multilateralism and regionalism affect the multipolarisation of global politics in the 2000s? What is the normative and institutional setting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) as the locomotive of the China-led multipolarisation? Post-hegemony refers to a situation in which the unipolar organisation of the global political economy is challenged by a plurality of alternative projects, but without being entirely replaced by another system. The contribution of China’s regionalism to the post-hegemonic world order is centred on four main areas: culture, economy, financial cooperation and regional defence. The driving force of China’s regionalism within the SCO is international security, and this regionalism hinges on a strong normative framework of legitimacy and aims at building an endogenous cultural, educational and defence infrastructure under the initiative of China. It also seeks to accelerate economic, financial and infrastructural development, independent of the US-dominated international institutions. As for the limitations and contradictions of China’s post-hegemonic regionalism, the SCO has to date failed to offer a coherent alternative economic development model to counter US hegemonism. Moreover, the SCO experience still suffers from unresolved tensions between national sovereignty and supranationalism, which adds to the SCO’s lack of bindingness of organisational decisions and military competitiveness with US-dominated organisations.

Revisiting five decades of educational technology research: A content and authorship analysis of the British Journal of Educational Technology

AbstractReflecting on 50 years of educational technology research, a content and authorship analysis was conducted of 1777 research article titles and abstracts, published in the British Journal of Educational Technology (BJET) from 1970 to Issue 3, 2018. A text‐mining tool (Leximancer) was used to identify key concepts and themes emerging throughout each of the five decades, which were then compared to those found in a previous analysis of Computers & Education, as well as the most cited BJET publications in each decade. The framework of West and Rich (2012) was then used to provide guidance on BJET’s rigour, impact and prestige. Common themes in BJET throughout the past 50 years have included the evolution of teaching and learning in distance education, the emergence of instructional design, misunderstanding between practitioners and learning designers, issues of pre and in‐service teacher education and technology uptake by educators and students, including the confidence to do so, the technology skills of educators and students, as well as a lack of institutional support to provide space and time for training and integration to occur. The authorship analysis revealed an encouraging increase in international identity over time, with 60% of articles in BJET published by an author outside of the UK over the past 50 years, and 79% in the past decade. Despite this, contributions from South America, the Middle East and Africa are vastly underrepresented, and authors from these regions need further support from the field. Suggested future research areas include finding alternative models of educator professional development, further exploration of the role of theory and policy, as well as the rise of co‐authorship and collaborative research.

POSITIONING ISLAMIC GIFT ECONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

Purpose: The general objective of this study is to explore the potential of Islamic Gift Economy in relation to sustainable development at the local level. This paper is therefore, highlights conceptually some preliminary insights on how the Sustainable Development (SD) and the Islamic Economy can be incorporated into a broader sustainability framework involving the three pillars of economic, social and environmental (ESE) sustainability.
 Methodology: This paper is abouta preliminary conceptual exploration into the meaning, and potential of Islamic Gift Economy in enhancing sustainable development at the local level.
 Main findings: The central argument of this article revolves around the idea that Islamic Gift Economy with its focus on social justice (‘adl), balance (mizan), and common good (maslahaha’mmah)can be an alternative economic paradigm and development model in this post-capitalist development agenda.
 Application of the study: This study may be beneficial to policy makers from national to local/community level on how to enhance local/village economy through Islamic Gift Economy.
 Novelty/Originality of the study: This paper intends to propose an integral framework on the relationship between IGE and sustainable development at the local level. Theoretical and policy implications, and opportunities for future research were also highlighted.

Integrated farming system in India: Current status, scope and future prospects in changing agricultural scenario

Small and marginal farmers are the core of the Indian rural economy constituting 85% of the total farming community but possessing only 44% of the total operational land. Indian agriculture is labour oriented and requires lot of man-power and energy but even after this hard work farmers are not in a position to earn their livelihood, especially small farmers because there is very little left after they pay for all inputs (seeds, livestock breeds, fertilizers, pesticides, energy, feed, labour, etc.). To fulfill basic needs of these farm families including food (cereal, pulses, oilseeds, milk, fruit, honey, meat etc.), feed fodder, fibre and fuel warrant an attention about integrated farming system (IFS). The emergence of IFS has enabled us to develop a framework for an alternative development model to improve the feasibility of small sized farming operations in relation to larger ones. IFS refer to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production or integrate fish and livestock and may sometimes be known as integrated bio systems. In this system, an inter-related set of enterprises are used so that the waste from one component becomes an input for other enterprises of the system, which reduces cost and improves production and thereby income. Integrated farming systems seem to be the possible solution to the continuous increase of demand for food and nutrition, income stability and livelihood upliftment particularly for small and marginal farmers with little resources. Based on the research works conducted all over the country, it is clear that crop cultivation alone can't fulfill the demand of food and nutritional requirement and we have to focus on multi-component farming as it is the only way of efficient resource recycling within the system with increased economic profitability, economic stability, enhanced soil sustainability, and preserving environmental quality and maintaining biological diversity and ecological stability.

The Points of School Directors on Peer Observation as a New Professional Development and Supervision Model for Teachers in Turkey

The aim of the study is to determine the views of school managers’ towards peer observation as an alternativeteacher professional development and complementary supervision model. The study was conducted through a mixresearch model which combines quantitative and qualitative methods based on convergent parallel design. 121school managers voluntarily joined the study at the end of the conference to which the researcher was invited asguest speaker. The results of the study in quantitative dimension indicated that peer observation was considered byschool managers as an alternative teacher development model to promote cooperation among teachers;self-awareness of teachers; motivation; solving their problems cooperatively; learning new methods. The qualitativeresults also indicated that majority of the participants were in favour of peer observation as an alternative personaldevelopment method for teachers; the participants recommended that it should be carried via volunteers betweendifferent schools; just friendly and positive feedback should be given to the teacher who teaches the same subject;should be carried in a friendly school climate where there is no rivalry among teachers. On the other hand, someparticipant expressed their negative concerns as there wouldn’t be enough teachers and time; the teacher wouldhesitate to be observed because of political and professional rivalries, lack of confidence and trust among teachers.

Review: Infrastructural Ecologies: Alternative Development Models for Emerging Economies by Hillary Brown and Byron Stigge

Review: <i>Infrastructural Ecologies: Alternative Development Models for Emerging Economies</i> by Hillary Brown and Byron Stigge

The BRICS Effect: Impacts of South–South Cooperation in the Social Field of International Development Cooperation

The growing number of development stakeholders and initiatives in developing countries has added complexity to international development cooperation (IDC). Recipient countries have witnessed the increasing presence of emerging countries such as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), offering South–South cooperation as an alternative model for development. We call the impact of the new practices of South–South cooperation providers on the prevailing IDC structure the ‘BRICS effect’ – an effect that ultimately destabilises established positions and interaction patterns between agents, and even between traditional donors and recipients. Combining the Bourdieusian notion of social fields with international relations (IR) perspectives on the changing geopolitics of international aid, this article discusses how the BRICS effect challenges established principles and practices from the field of IDC, indicating at least three dimensions: (1) new positions beyond the donor vs recipient dyad; (2) new modes of development cooperation; and (3) transformation of institutional architecture and governance mechanisms.

Framing the Health Workforce Agenda Beyond Economic Growth.

The fourth Global Forum on Human Resources (HRH) for Health was held in Ireland November 2017. Its Dublin declaration mentions that strategic investments in the health workforce could contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth and are an imperative to shared prosperity. What is remarkable about the investment frame for health workforce development is that there is little debate about the type of economic development to be pursued. This article provides three cautionary considerations and argues that, in the longer term, a perspective beyond the dominant economic frame is required to further equitable development of the global health workforce. The first argument includes the notion that the growth that is triggered may not be as inclusive as proponents say it is. Secondly, there are considerable questions on the possibility of expanding fiscal space in low-income countries for public goods such as health services and the sustainability of the resulting economic growth. Thirdly, there is a growing consideration that economic growth solely expressed as increasing gross domestic product (GDP) might have intrinsic problems in advancing sustainable development outcomes. Economic development goals are a useful approach to guiding health workforce policies and health employment but this depends very much on the context. Alternative development models and policy options, such as a Job Guarantee scheme, need to be assessed, deliberated and tested. This would meet considerable political challenges but a narrow single story and frame of economic development is to be rejected.