Aloe Vera Leaf Research Articles

Application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component

PurposeThis paper aims to prevent cotton textiles from fungi damage using eco-friendly aloe vera leaf extract, which was applied at a minimum amount, and cost-effective material.Design/methodology/approachBatch extraction method using methanol solvent; phytochemical analysis was investigated and three-level factorial design of experiment and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the optimization of 27 test runs. The finish was applied by pad-dry-cue at distinct concentrations, and the chemical property after treatment was studied. Colorfastness and coordinates are analyzed. Cotton fabrics were cultured with Fusarium oxysporum fungi and the anti-fungal property was examined and reported according to AATCC 30–2004 standard.FindingsThe maximum yield of extract was at an optimum volume of 200 ml, 65 °C for 120 min. The effective antifungal fabric was achieved with minimum concentrations. There was significant strength loss in warp and weft direction. The treatment results in yellow-colored cotton fabric with fastness grade 3. The antifungal effect is durable until fifteen washes as the tensile strength losses were less than 1%.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this work were based on samples considered in the laboratory. However, it can be reproducible at the factory production scale the treatment has the potential of yielding yellow dyed cotton fabric with multifunctional finishing.Practical implicationsThe treated fabric is against Fusarium oxysporum Fungi which is one of the vital antimicrobial properties of textile apparel products for various areas of application.Social implicationsThe natural extract material applied to a textile material is eco-friendly effective against microbes of cotton seeds during cultivation and apparel end-uses.Originality/valueThe work application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component was original; this work provides extraction of the active agent from aloe vera leaf, which is optimized statically and successfully applied for anti-fungal activity on cotton fabric.

Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous whole leaf and green rind extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar rats

BackgroundSeveral local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats.MethodsAcute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals’ relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29.ResultsThere was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats’ relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium’s inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

A hybrid pretreatment strategy for delignification of Aloe vera processing waste and its effectiveness towards saccharification

A copious amount of rigid Aloe vera leaf rind (AVLR) has been produced from the aloe gel processing industries are majorly disposed as wastes since it has no commercial value. The cell wall compositional analysis revealed that significant quantity of cellulose (46% ± 0.76, w/w) and hemicellulose (18.5% ± 0.24, w/w) which justifies as potent source for bioethanol production. However, high lignin content (13.95% ± 0.45, w/w) hinders depolymerization of polysaccharides into fermentable sugars and subsequent fermentation for ethanol production. In the present study, microwave-assisted alkali (MAA) pretreatment of AVLR biomass was carried out by varying the power level (160 W, 320 W and 480 W) which showed a maximum delignification (66.38%) at 320 W. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) based characterization were performed to study the extent of delignification in AVLR biomass. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed for the liquid hydrolysate obtained after MAA pretreatment at 320 W indicated that the hydrolysate contained more of oxidized phenolic hydrocarbons that can be potentially utilized for other value-added product synthesis. A comparison of saccharification efficiency was performed using two different cellulase producers namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus sp. A maximum saccharification of 68.5% ± 0.34 was achieved by Aspergillus sp., that was 2.8% higher on comparing with untreated AVLR biomass. This indicates the feasibility of MAA pretreatment for AVLR biomass in order to improve the accessibility of fermentable sugars available for ethanol production.

Effect of Aloe Vera leaf Powder on Quality of Boar Semen

Effect of Aloe Vera leaf Powder on Quality of Boar Semen

Antibacterial effects of Ceftriaxone/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combination Against Ceftriaxone resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

This study was designed to shed light on the issue of pathogenic bacteria resistance to antibiotic, and to overcome it by taking the advantages of nanotechnology. A hundred and twenty urine samples were collected from patients of different ages and of both genders who showed symptoms of urinary tract infections, from three hospitals in Baghdad. Ceftriaxone E. coli was detected and isolated from these samples. More recently, nanotechnology application has grown in importance in this problem. In this study, we used Zinc oxide nanoparticle to enhance the activity of ceftriaxone. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) was prepared by biological method of processing of a fresh leaf aloe vera plants. Further characterization methods, which are Fourier, transform infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (which showed that the average diameter of the newly created ZnO NP is 45.55 nm) were applied for checking the created nanoparticle. Antimicrobial ability of ZnO NP showed an inhibition zone with a 13 mm in diameter. The isolates of E. coli showed a resistance to ceftriaxone at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. The results of inhibition activity of ceftriaxone antibiotic against Escherichia coli isolates of the current study showed a remarkable change when mixed with ZnO NP, in which ceftriaxone became affective in inhibiting Escherichia coli growth.

Effectiveness of Medicinal Plants for Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials.

Aims: To rank the effectiveness of medicinal plants for glycaemic control in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central were searched in October 2020. We included meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials measuring the effectiveness of medicinal plants on HbA1c and/or Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) in patients with T2DM. Results: Twenty five meta-analyses reported the effects of 18 plant-based remedies. Aloe vera leaf gel, Psyllium fibre and Fenugreek seeds had the largest effects on HbA1c: mean difference –0.99% [95% CI−1.75, −0.23], −0.97% [95% CI −1.94, −0.01] and −0.85% [95% CI −1.49, −0.22] respectively. Four other remedies reduced HbA1c by at least 0.5%: Nigella sativa, Astragalus membranaceus, and the traditional Chinese formulae Jinqi Jiangtang and Gegen Qinlian. No serious adverse effects were reported. Several other herbal medicines significantly reduced FPG. Tea and tea extracts (Camellia sinensis) were ineffective. However, in some trials duration of follow-up was insufficient to measure the full effect on HbA1c (<8 weeks). Many herbal remedies had not been evaluated in a meta-analysis. Conclusion: Several medicinal plants appear to be as effective as conventional antidiabetic treatments for reducing HbA1c. Rigorous trials with at least 3 months’ follow-up are needed to ascertain the effects of promising plant-based preparations on diabetes.

Penerapan teknologi pengolahan permen fungsional Lidah Buaya Pada Petani di Desa Argodadi, Sedayu, Bantul, DIY

Argodadi village is located in Sedayu District, Bantul Regency, DIY. Its hilly and calcareous soil conditions and rice fields without technical irrigation lead to drought, therefore farmers initiated for planting of aloe vera. The Demangan Village Farmers community is one of the groups that cultivate aloe vera plants. They have 20 members with 1,000 m2 area of aloe vera plant. The resulted aloe vera leaves were sold to the aloe vera gel drink producer with low prices. The purpose of this activity was to develop aloe vera leaf processing into aloe vera candy- functional food to increase their income and to diversify aloe vera gel processing. The activity used counseling method, practice and assistance to transfer technology in making aloe vera soft candy and the packaging methods. The results showed that the skills of the farmers in making candy were increased, which shown by the bright colors and good textures of the aloe vera soft candy from their practice. The moisture content of the candy appropriate with quality standard and the candy had antioxidative activity. However, it was need assistance in the application of this technology to guarantee for the sustainability as an effort to increase income.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-Nanocomposites by Utilizing Aloe Vera Leaf Gel and Extract of Terminalia arjuna Nuts and Exploring Their Antibacterial Potency

Nanotechnology has found vast applications in everyday life. Use of plant extract in the synthesis of nanocomposites produces relatively less toxic and environment-friendly materials. The present study deals with the synthesis of zinc oxide nanocomposite using gel from leaves of Aloe vera (black Aloe vera (BAV) and white Aloe vera (WAV)) and extract from powder of nuts of Terminalia arjuna. Synthesized nanocomposites were then characterized by using SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis techniques. Disc diffusion method was opted to inquire the antimicrobial ability of nanocomposites against different bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli (−) and Burkholderia stabilis (+). ZnO-BAV possessed good antimicrobial potential against both selected strains as proved from zone of inhibitions. However, ZnO-WAV and ZnO-N showed potential against E. coli and no response for B. stabilis.

A focus on biometal systems of some phyto-antibiotic drug complexes

Biometal coordination bearing active donor atoms of medicinal plant extracts or herbal isolates (phytochemicals) in the recent approach of biomedical sciences is a new and advanced chemotherapeutics for combating antibiotics resistance. Stereochemistry of central metal ions around active plant molecules can give rise to robust solid state 3D metal complexes of antibiotics aiding better biological performance/affinity without any side effect compared with the parent biomolecules (organic ligands). This review therefore focuses on the applications of medicinal plant extracts as antibiotics. Structural systems of metal complexes of flavonoids, curcumins, alkaloids, carotenoids and coumarins from aloe vera, acalypha and henna leaf (AAH) are also described with a view to achieving the rationale for functional bioactive antibiotic drugs

Extraction of Aloesin from Aloe vera Rind Using Alternative Green Solvents: Process Optimization and Biological Activity Assessment.

Simple SummaryAloesin is a bioactive constituent of Aloe spp. used primarily in cosmetic products. Its recovery from plant materials is affected by several variables that can compromise the process yield and profitability, which is why it is necessary to determine the best processing conditions. This study describes the design and optimization of a method for extraction of aloesin from Aloe vera rind, a leaf part often discarded as a by-product, using the response surface methodology. The effect of the variables time, temperature, solvent composition, and solid/liquid ratio were investigated. Green organic solvents (ethanol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) were used in aqueous mixtures. Aqueous propylene glycol was found to be the most promising solvent for aloesin recovery and a linear increase in extraction yields was verified with the increase in solid/liquid ratio. To assess the bioactivity of the extracts, their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and the fungal and bacterial growth, as well as their cytotoxic potential, was tested in vitro. Overall, it was possible to determine the best extraction conditions for aloesin and to better understand the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the aloesin-rich extracts, which may be produced and used by the industrial sector.Aloesin is an aromatic chromone with increasing applications in the cosmetic and health food industries. To optimize its extraction from the Aloe vera leaf rind, the independent variables time (10–210 min), temperature (25–95 °C) and organic solvent composition (0–100%, w/w) were combined in a central composite design coupled with response surface methodology. The solvents consisted of binary mixtures of water with ethanol, propylene glycol, or glycerol. The aloesin levels quantified in each extract were used as response for optimization. The theoretical models were fitted to the experimental data, statistically validated, and used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Then, a dose–response analysis of the solid/liquid ratio (S/L) was performed under the optimal conditions determined for each alcohol–water system and revealed that a linear improvement in extraction efficiency can be achieved by increasing the S/L ratio by up to 40 g/L. This analysis also allowed to experimentally validate the predictive models. Furthermore, the aloesin-rich extracts revealed antioxidant activity through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation inhibition, antimicrobial effects against bacterial and fungal strains, and no toxicity for PLP2 cells. Overall, this study provided optimal extraction conditions for the recovery of aloesin from Aloe vera rind through an eco-friendly extraction process and highlighted its bioactive potential.

Effect of dual herb combinations on the growth performance, benefit cost ratio, blood profile, meat sensory qualities of broiler chickens

Herbs being natural and within farmers acquaintance, are one of the most tried antibiotic alternative supplement to enhance the growth of poultry birds. Based on results of our previous studies on single herb supplementation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two herb combinations on growth performance of broiler chicks. One day old IBL-80 broiler chicks (Average weight ~37 g) were randomly distributed to five treatments with three replicates of each. Dietary regimen consist of control (CO), antibiotic group receiving 0.1 g/kg of oxytetracycline (AN), control diet with 0.5% cinnamon powder + 0.5% black pepper powder (CB), with 0.5% cinnamon powder + 1% whole leaf aloe vera powder (CA) and with 1% whole leaf aloe vera powder + 0.5% black pepper powder (AB). Weekly body weight gain and feed consumed were recorded and accordingly feed conversion ratio and benefit cost ratio were calculated. At the end of 5th week, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics, meat sensory evaluation, blood parameters, duodenum morphology and faecal microbial load. Data revealed that these herbal combinations have significant effect on the growth performance, FCR, nitrogen and calcium retention, blood parameters and overall acceptability of meat. Herbal combinations supplementations were significantly more profitable when used in starter phase only. Study concluded that these herbal combinations can be safely used in poultry ration to improve growth and customer oriented parameters in broiler chicken meat.

Nutritional, Textural, and Sensory Quality of Aloe Vera Leaf Gel Powder Fortified Plain Cake

Aloe Vera leaves have great potential as an economic supplement with an adequate nutritional profile. The current study aimed to fortify plain (loaf) cakes with Aloe Vera leaf gel (AVG) powder. AVG was freeze-dried to produce Aloe Vera powder (ALP), and four plain (loaf) cakes were prepared with different proportions of ALP (0, 4, 6, and 8%). ALP contained significantly (p &lt; 0.05) more protein (22.23 vs. 12.24), ash (19.83 vs. 0.64), and iron (175 vs. 3.05) than refined wheat flour (RWF). Along with total polyphenols and total flavonoids, ALP demonstrated good antioxidant activity. ALP-cakes and RWF-cakes were also evaluated for their nutritional and functional properties. The addition of 6 and 8% ALP to the formulation increased total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in plain (loaf) cakes. Hardness and chewiness increased in ALP-cakes but decreased in RWF-cakes, while cohesiveness and springiness decreased in ALP-cakes. In conclusion, the best formulation was a 4% ALP incorporated cake, and ALP can be supplemented in plain cakes at a rate of up to 8% to improve nutrient value. This is the first study to evaluate the quality characteristics of fortified plain (loaf) cakes using ALP.

Prevention of progression of cervical carcinogenesis at the stage of postoperative rehabilitation

The objective: a study the effect of a complex of hyaluronic acid with plant extracts and a polyphenolic component on cell proliferation and the progression of cervical carcinogenesis.Materials and methods. 74 patients with cervical pathology (average age is 29.8 years) formed the basic group and were examined in the clinic “Doctor Alex” (Kharkiv), 62 women of them had diathermoconization, 12 – laser vaporization of the cervix. Histologically, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was detected in 20 patients, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) was found in 46 women, and epidermal endocervicosis – in 8 persons.The patients in the basic group during the postoperative period at the stage of healing additionally used vaginal suppositories of hyaluronic acid with plant extracts and polyphenolic component (aloe vera leaf juice, chamomile flower extract, Centella asiatica extract, sea buckthorn oil, tea tree oil, calendula flower extract, epigallocatechin gallate).The comparison group included 112 women (average age is 32.4 years), 31 of them were diagnosed HSIL, 67 – LSIL, 14 – epidermal endocervicosis; laser vaporization was performed in 21 women, diathermoconization – 91. These patients received antiviral therapy. Markers of proliferation p16 and Ki-67 and the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) were determined in all women of both groups.Results. 6 months after the treatment, there was a decrease in the frequency of HPV in the basic group (from 55.4% to 5.4%) and in the comparison group (from 51.8% to 6.3%), proliferation markers – from 23.0% to 2.7% and from 20.5% to 6.3%, respectively. In the basic group, a more rapid epithelialization of the cervix was established, which after laser vaporization lasted 28.7 days, after diathermoconization – 36.9 days, and in the comparison group these indicators were, respectively, 30.2 and 44.6 days.Conclusions. The use of laser vaporization or diathermoconization of the cervix in the patients with background cervical pathology, LSIL and HSIL in combination with courses of vaginal suppositories containing hyaluronic acid with plant extracts and a polyphenolic component, can significantly reduce the incidence of HPV, leads to a faster recovery of its epithelium and can be comparable in the effectiveness to the combination of laser vaporization / diathermoconization with antiviral therapy.

Screening of Antibacterial Efficacy of Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Using Leaf Extract against Different Bacterial Strains

The current research was aimed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract prepared from leaves of Aloe vera plant. The extract of Aloe vera was prepared in Methanol. Two extracts were prepared, one from whole leaf powder and the other from fresh Aloe vera gel. To determine the antibacterial efficacy of the given plant, Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method was performed. The standard antibiotic used was Gentamicin. Gentamicin showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis forming a zone of inhibition of 34mm in both. This research provides information about antibacterial susceptibility of aloe vera leaves (leaf powder and fresh gel) against two different bacteria: E.coli which is a gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus subtilis which is a gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial susceptibility test showed that the extract of leaf and the gel of Aloe vera inhibited the growth of both microorganisms during test. Growth of E,coli strain were inhibited more as compared to Bacillus subtilis because gram negative bacteria do not have lipopolysaccharide layer in their cell wall. Also the fresh gel Extract was more effective as compared to Aloe vera leaf powder.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLY HERBAL ANTI AGING FACE CREAMS

Herbal cosmetics are defined as beauty products which possess desirable physiological movement like recuperating, smoothing appearance, improving and molding properties due to the natural fixing.. Herbal Cream is a polyherbal plan that comprises of the concentrates of Aloe barbadensis, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa, Cedro oil, Myristica fragrans, Olium rosae (Rose Oil), Orange Oil, Daucus carota, Prunus dulcis and Ocimum sanctum.. Herbs such as aloe vera leaf, turmeric, banana, neem, papaya, cucumber and other plants are used as herbs in cosmetics. In the current exploration article, the polyherbal face cream is ready by utilizing following fixing that is concentrate of Curcuma longa, Solanum lycoperisum, Carica papaya, Daucus carota, rose oil, olive oil, almond oil, refined water. Solanum lycoperisum is utilized as an enemy of oxidant and forestalls the skin maturing.Olive oil moistures the skin, papaya nourishes the skin and curcumin acts as an antimicrobial agent. The skin maturing is essentially brought about by annihilation of collagen layer in skin which can be forestalled by utilizing almond oil. The pre-arranged polyherbal cream was assessed for the pH, spreadability, homogeneity, thickness, extrudability, invitro dissemination examines, color test, expulsion test, skin bothering and antimicrobial investigations. Among every one of the pre-arranged creams F2 and F3 is discovered to be best details as contrast with another. The total percent drug discharge from the pre-arranged polyherbal cream is discovered to be the 93%.

Skin Antiaging Effects of the Fermented Outer Layers of Leaf Skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller Associated with the Enhancement of Mitochondrial Activities of UVb-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts

This study is the first to show that increased mitochondrial activities improved the antiaging effects of Aloe vera leaf skin fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum on UVb-irradiated skin fibroblasts. The fermented extract (AF) increased the activities of mitochondrial reductase and the complex II and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, even under UVb stress conditions, and also increased DPPH free radical scavenging activities compared with the hot water extract of outer layers of aloe leaf (AW) and quercetin itself. AF exerted a synergistic effect with quercetin and bioactive substances derived from the fermentation process. Moreover, mitochondrial activation of UVb-irradiated human skin fibroblasts by 0.3% (w/v) of the AF plays important roles in increasing collagen production up to 125 ± 5.45% and decreasing MMP-1 secretion down to 69.41 ± 2.63% of the control levels. The AF enhanced the upregulation of collagen gene expression, and this change was also greater than those induced by the AW and quercetin. Therefore, this study concludes that fermentation of the skin of aloe leaves increases the activation of mitochondria and inhibits the photo-aging of UVb-irradiated skin fibroblasts.

Chitosan and Aloe vera gel formulations as wound healing agents in episiotomy

Episiotomy is an obstetric technique that consists of making an incision in the perineum during vaginal childbirth, to facilitate the baby to pass through. After delivery, the perineal region is sutured with absorbable threads to heal the cut. However, are frequent reports of pain, infections, and dyspareunia after the execution of this technique. In this context, the use of biomaterials becomes relevant as they promote faster and safer tissue repair, making it an attractive alternative for the healing process of episiotomy. Based on the physical-chemical and biological properties of chitosan and Aloe vera, this research developed three different vaginal gels, with the purpose of promoting tissue regeneration and infection prevention post-episiotomy. Chitosan solutions with concentrations of 5% w/v were prepared by dissolving the chitosan powder in 2% v/v aqueous solution of acetic acid. After the extraction and processing of the mucilage, the pulp of the Aloe vera leaf was added to the chitosan gel in the proportions of 1, 2, and 3% v/v. All formulations were neutralized by the slow drip technique of a neutralizing solution of sodium hydroxide (2 M). The compositions were analyzed according to their organoleptic aspect, optical microscopy, spreadability, hydrogen potential, absorption spectroscopy, cytotoxicity, and rheological behavior. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that gels produced have the potential to be used as vaginal gels.

Comparative study of antimicrobial action of aloe vera and antibiotics against different bacterial isolates from skin infection.

Aloe vera is reputed to have medicinal properties. For centuries, it has been used for an array of ailments such as mild fever, wounds and burns, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, sexual vitality and fertility problems to cancer, immune modulation, AIDS and various skin infections. In present study, antibacterial activity of aloe vera gel extracts was tested against some common skin infection pathogens, that is, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus all were recorded positive. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of above isolates were also studied against 10 clinically significant antibiotics (ampicillin [AMC], amoxicillin, augmentin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime [CAZ], cefuroxime [CXM], ciprofloxaci, tetracycline, cefpodoxime and imipenem). AMC and CXM were found to be most effective antibiotic followed by CXM with highest efficacy against Gram‐negative bacteria. In case of CAZ showed highest efficacy was showed against Gram‐positive bacteria. Aloe vera leave gel was extracted with four different solvent‐like aloe vera leaf extract, root extract, leaf ethanol extract and root ethanol extract; however, Gram‐negative as well Gram‐positive isolates was found highest susceptibility with aloe leaf and aloe root ethanol extract. Moderate sensitivity observed with aloe leaf extract and aloe root extract against both Gram‐positive as well as Gram‐negative bacterial isolates. This result showed that ethanol extracts of aloe vera both leaf and root can be used alongside conventional antibiotics to fight agents of infections that are so prevalent in the skin infection.

Phytochemical and Antibiofilm Activity of Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) on Candida albicans Isolated from Urinary Catheter

Aims: To screen for phytochemicals present in Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) growing within the Main Campus of Nasarawa State University Keffi (NSUK), determine biofilm forming ability, and to investigate the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts on biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida isolated from urinary catheters.&#x0D; Study Design: The leaf of Aloe vera were collected and maceration method was used to extract the plant materials used for the screening of bioactive components. Swab samples were collected from the surfaces of patients’ urinary catheters presenting at Federal Medical Centre and Nagari Hospital, Keffi respectively, irrespective of their ages and sexes. Biofilm forming ability of the isolates was investigated and the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts determined. Ordinary one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data where P = .05.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of NSUK, using the Aloe vera plant collected within the University community and the biofilm analysis was conducted at National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, between October 2018 to March 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were screened for aloin, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids etc, and the Candida species were subjected to biofilm formation in a flat bottom 96-well microtiter polystyrene plate using crystal violet assay. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts whereas, antibiofilm activity of the extracts was investigated by growing biofilms in the presence of Aloe vera leaf extracts.&#x0D; Results: The presence of tannin, saponins, phenols, reducing sugars and aloin were found in the leaf aqueous extract while alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, tannin, phenols, reducing sugars, terpenoids, quinones and aloin in the ethanolic extract. Clinical isolates of Candida were found to be strong biofilm formers (70%). Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had significant effects on initial cell attachment where P = .05, however, none was able to achieve complete biofilm eradication, including the positive control ketoconazole. Ethanolic extract inhibits C. albicans cell attachment by 54.25%, aqueous extract 25.68% and ketoconazole has 48.54% percentage inhibition, respectively. Interestingly, ethanolic extracts showed a better antibiofilm property (37.38%) compared to ketoconazole that had 33.98% biofilm inhibition.&#x0D; Conclusion: The leaf extracts of Aloe barbadensismiller has significantly reduced biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida. Coating of urinary catheters with A. vera extracts can decrease nosocomial infections, morbidity, and high mortality as well as financial burden, hence, serving as an alternative treatment for urinary tract infections.

Burns Wound Healing Activity of Extract Gel Formula of Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) and Senggani Leaf (Melastoma polyanthum)

Aloe vera and senggani leaf can accelerate tissue regeneration, re-epithelialization, fibroblast stimulation, and collagen formation in the skin for burns wound healing. Burns wound can cause damage in the capillaries of the skin, then Aloe vera and senggani leaf were formulated into the gel formula for burns wound healing. The gel has the advantage of high water content; then it will hydrate the epidermis layer, increasing the penetration of the active substances. This study aims to formulate a gel of extract Aloe vera and senggani leaf (Melastoma polyanthum) and to evaluate the burns wound healing activity. The gel was formulated by composition of Aloe vera : senggani leaf with concentrations (0.5%: 1%); (0.5% : 3%); and (0.5% : 5%). Burns wound healing activity was observed by the diameter of the burn wound. The result showed that the gel with a concentration of (0.5%: 5%) gave a significance value of 0.692 (p &gt;0.05) against positive control, then it was the formula that effective for burns wound healing.