Alloxan-induced Mice Research Articles

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sala (Cynometra ramiflora Linn.) leaves for reducing Blood Glucose Levels in Male Wistar Rats Induced by Alloxan

Diabetes is a chronic illness brought on by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or inefficient insulin utilisation by the body. There is currently no proven diabetes treatment. The development of current therapies is solely focused on preserving and enhancing patients' quality of life. In addition to utilising oral hypoglycemic medications or insulin injections to control blood sugar, several medicinal plants have also undergone pharmacological testing and can be used experimentally. There were 5groups, namely negative control group (0.5% Na CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.9mg/kg), ethanol extract of Sala leaves at doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kgBW. Each group was induced by alloxan 150mg/kg intraperitoneal body weight before fasting blood glucose levels 200mg/dL. Each group's blood glucose levels were taken and checked as pre alloxan, post alloxan, 7 and 10 days after treatment. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Sala leaves with doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg for 7 and 10 days after treatment showed glucose-lowering activity (p<0.05) on all alloxan induction. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the Sala plant (Cynometra ramiflora Linn.) with doses of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kgBW for 7 and 10 days showed significant glucose-lowering activity (p<0 0.05) in alloxan-induced mice.

Assessment of nanoliposomes loaded with daidzein for ameliorating diabetes in alloxan-induced mice: A promising nutraceutical approach

The present study synthesized and evaluated the effects of nanoliposomes loaded daidzein (NLD) in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Five groups of Balb-c mice were treated for 5 weeks (Group 1 and 2 referred to as normal and diabetic control receiving normal feed). Group 3 and 4 were diabetic mice receiving 50 and 100 mg/kg/BW NLD respectively. Group 5, diabetic mice, received the standard drug, Metformin, 250 mg/kg/BW per day orally. Results indicated that NLD significantly (p < 0.05) improved the final body weight, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced the high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, NLD enhanced the expression of CAT and suppressed iNOS gene in the pancreas. The mRNA expression of GLUT2 and GLUT4 also showed increase in the diabetic mice. Findings demonstrated the potential of NLD as a nutraceutical for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes without toxic side effects.

Kajian Pemberian Beras Analog yang Disubstitusi Glukomanan Porang (A. oncophyllus) Terhadap Profil Darah Mencit yang Diinduksi Aloksan

Porang rice is made from porang tubers (Amorphopallus oncophyllus) and waxy cassava and has a high glucomannan content and has a low glycemic index (&lt;55). Porang rice has a slightly brownish white color and has a shape like grains of rice and contains fiber which can help the digestive process in the body. Provision of porang rice against diabetic can improve blood profile. This study aims to determine the effect of giving rice from porang tubers pn the blood profile of diabetic mice. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of observing blood profiles. The study consisted of 4 treatments with 6 replications. The data obtained was tested for uniformity using the Bartlett test and the additional data was tested with the Tuckey test. Furthermore, the data were anlyzed using variance to obtain an estimator of the varience and determine the effect of the treatment, then the data were analyzed using the BNT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the effect of giving porang rice on the blood profile of alloxan-induced mice gave values for the number of erythrocytes (7,48 million/mm3), leukocytes (5,55 thousand/mm3), hemoglobin (15,14 g/dL), hematocrit (32,28%).

The Effect of Garlic Decoction (Allium sativum L.) on The Histological Features of The Liver of Alloxan-induced Mice (Mus musculus)

Giving alloxan can cause disruption of insulin production resulting in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress and liver cell damage. The use of natural ingredients, one of which is garlic (Allium sativum L) in the form of boiled water, because it contains flavonoid and organosulfur compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the histology of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) induced by alloxan after being given a decoction of garlic (Allium sativum L). This study used experimental research with a completely randomized design method on mice consisting of 6 groups with 4 replications each. The groups in this study consisted of a negative control group (without treatment), a positive control group (alloxan injection) a comparison control group (alloxan injection + glibenclamide) treatment groups at doses I, II and III (alloxan-induced + garlic boiled water (Allium sativum L) respectively 20 gr, 40 gr and 60 gr). Histology of the liver of mice (Mus musculus) was made by paraffin method with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. The result showed that there was a significant difference due to the value (p&lt;0,05) but for a KP and P3 there was no significant difference with the value (p&gt;0,05) on hydropic degeneration. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the decoction of garlic (Allium sativum L) has an effect on the alloxan-induced liver histology of mice (Mus musculus).

The effect of lemon extract (Citrus limon) on the blood sugar levels and pancreatic beta cell regeneration in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice

Background: High blood sugar levels that exceed normal limits or commonly refered to as hyperglycemia, is an early symptom of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: This study explored the effect of lemon (Citrus limon) extract on blood sugar levels and pancreatic b cell regeneration in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice (Mus musculus). Method: This research is an experimental study using a post-test group. The sampling was carried out using a randomization method. By administering 125 mg/kg BW of alloxan, the sample was conditioned for hyperglycemia. The samples were divided into five groups: normal control, alloxan-induced control, and three treatment groups that received lemon extract with dosages of 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively. Semiquantitative analysis was used to evaluate pancreatic damage. Results: The results showed that lemon extract can decrease blood sugar levels. Histopathological imaging revealed a significant improvement in b cell distribution and decreased vacuolization in the Langerhans islets of mice administered lemon extract. No significant differences were observed among different dosages of lemon extract (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of lemon extract in managing blood sugar levels and promoting pancreatic b cell regeneration in alloxan-induced mice.

Uji Toksisitas Makroskopis Pada Organ Ginjal, Hati, Jantung dan Limpa Mencit Hiperglikemia yang Diberi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Plants that can reduce blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced mice are Rambai peel (Baccaurea motleyana). The safety of the use of plants as herbal medicine must be known so as not to cause unwanted harmful effects. In this study, the relative weight of organs and changes in organ appearance were observed macroscopically. The design in this study was a completely randomized design with 24 male mice divided into 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of a negative control (Aquadest), a positive control (glibenclamide), peel Rambai ethanol extract with graded doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg. , given orally. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Rambai peel had no significant effect on the relative weight of the heart, kidneys and spleen, but had a significant effect on the relative weight of the liver. The results of this study also showed that no color changes were seen in any of the mice organs. So, this study showed no visible macroscopic changes in the organs, so that administration of Rammbai ethanol extract gradually causes fewer toxic effects and is still considered safe in experimental animals.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SALAM ( SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM WIGHT) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA MENCIT PUTIH YANG DI INDUKSI ALOKSAN

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) Against Blood Glucose Levels In Alloxan Induced White Mice. Thesis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deli Husada Deli Tua Health Institute. (Supervised by: apt. Linta Meliala, S.Si.,M.Si.) Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for type 2 diabetes (WHO, 2019). One of the non-pharmacological drugs that can be used for diabetes mellitus is bay leaf. Bay leaves (Eugenia polyantha) are spread in various areas, both in the mountains and in the lowlands. To determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) in alloxan-induced mice compared with glibenclamide.Experimental study using 25 mice induced with alloxan and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (negative control) CMC Na 0.5%, group 2 (positive control) Glibenclamide dose 0.0026 mg/kgBW, group 3 bay leaf extract at 250 mg/kgBW, group 4 bay leaf extract at 500 mg/kgBW, group 5 bay leaf extract dose of 750 mg/kgBW. Extraction using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. From the results of the study, each treatment group experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels. Of the 5 treatment groups, the best reduction in blood glucose levels was glibenclamide. The positive control of glibenclamide produced a faster reduction effect than the ethanolic extract of bay leaf. The greatest effectiveness in the ethanol extract of bay leaf 750 mg/kgBW with a faster decrease in blood glucose levels was almost equivalent to the positive control. Ethanol extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) can reduce blood glucose levels in male white mice induced with alloxan

Effects of Gynura procumbens leaf-based meal on glucose level, lipid profile and mineral content of alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Gynura procumbens leaves are used as an anti-diabetic medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gynura procumbens (GP) leaf meal on growth performance, glucose level, lipid profile and mineral content in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A total of thirty-six mice at 14 days old were assigned to four treatment groups: NC (Normal Control), T0 = Control (Basal diet), T1 = (Basal diet + 0.5% Dry leaf on DM basis), T2 = (Basal diet + 1.0% Dry leaf on DM basis) having three replications consisting of nine mice in each in a completely randomized design. The results showed that glucose level was significantly (P&lt;0.01) reduced during the last 3 weeks compared to control of alloxan-induced mice. Three weeks of dietary supplementation of GP leaf at 0.5% and 1.0% levels significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased body weight during the second and the third week whereas decreased, feed intake and water intake of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A significant reduction of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) while increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) of induced mice compared to control (P&lt;0.001). There were no significant variations in blood phosphorus, Ca and total protein. Moreover, in the proximate CHO, crude protein, crude fat increased while ash, moisture, crude fibre decreased in treatment groups compared to the basal diet. Overall, GP leaf showed trustworthy results on anti-diabetic effects included lipid profile.

Bioassay-guided Antidiabetic Study of Chromatographic Fractions of Boswellia Dalzielii Hutch. Leaf Extract

Background: Boswellia dalzielli Hutch. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is used locally by the local dwellers for the management and treatment of microbial-related diseases, neurological conditions, stomach spasms, diabetes, etc. Objectives: This study aimed at isolating a phytochemical of anti-diabetic potentials from the leaf of Boswellia dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The n-butanol fraction of the leaf of B. dalzielii was fractionated using column chromatography. Fractions obtained were screened phytochemically and by antidiabetic study. Results: Encoded column fraction B4 (150 mg/kg) produced a maximum reduction (72.45%) in fasting blood glucose (FBG) of animals after 7 hours, which was significantly (P&lt;0.05) different from the controls (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and was better than glibenclamide (52.67%). The re-column fractions obtained from fraction B4 were pooled based on similar Rf values and encoded B41-B48, and subjected to further antidiabetic evaluation on alloxan-induced mice. Eight sub-fraction with doses of 50 mg/kg each were administered to all the groups. Fraction B44 had the highest reduction of FBG by 65.63%, whose effect was significantly higher than the non-treated diabetic mice (negative control) and glibenclamide (52.68%) at 2.0 mg. Further purification of sub-fraction B44 with Sephadex LH-20 yielded encoded fractions A, B, and C. Isolate C showed the highest inhibition of glycemia (22.85%) when the dose of 10 mg/kg was administered (p.o). Conclusion: The antidiabetic effect of the plant in laboratory animals (rats and mice) may be due to the presence of the isolated phenolic compounds.

Structural characterization and anti-osteoporosis effect of an arabinomannan from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge

To discover the polysaccharide with anti-diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) activity and clarify its structure, an arabinomannan (PAAP-1B) with a molecular weight of 14.0 kDa was isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. using column chromatography. It consists of arabinose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 6:3:1. PAAP-1B has a backbone composed of 1,5-α-Araf, 1,4-β-Manp, and 1,6-β-Galp residues that are branched at C3 of α-Araf and β-Galp residues. The side chains are T-α-Araf, T-α-Manp, T-β-Galp, and 1,6-β-Galp. PAAP-1B attenuated DOP and reduced ferroptosis in the femurs and tibias of alloxan-induced mice. It also suppressed ferroptosis in advanced glycation end product-induced osteoblasts by decreasing 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species levels, and lipid peroxidation, while reversing the downregulation of solute carrier family 7 membrane 11 and glutathione expression.

Co-administration of Pterocarpus marsupium Extract and Glibenclamide Exhibits Better Effects in Regulating Hyperglycemia and Associated Changes in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known global metabolic disorder. For its treatment, glibenclamide (GLB) is very often prescribed. However, herbal drugs are considered effective and better alternatives due to their low risk of side effects. This study was conducted to determine the combined effects of GLB and Pterocarpus marsupium (PM, a commonly available Indian herb) extract for the effective and safe treatment of hyperglycemia in the mouse model. Healthy adult male mice were distributed into five groups (n=7 in each group). Group I acted as the control, whereas groups II, III, IV, and V were considered experimental groups which received a single dosage (150 mg/kg body weight) of alloxan (ALX) intraperitoneally (i.p.). In addition, groups III, IV, and V received a pre-standardized dose of GLB (500 μg/kg body weight), PM extract (150 mg/kg body weight), and GLB+PM, respectively, at the same doses as used in individual treatment, after the seventh day of ALX administration for 15 days and the alterations in different DM related parameters were evaluated. ALX-induced hyperglycemia and other adverse effects were nearly normalized by GLB and PM co-treatment as evidenced by marked suppression in glucose, triglyceride, total-cholesterol, lipid-peroxidation, and lipid-hydroperoxides with an increase in antioxidants status and liver glycogen content. The positive effects were more pronounced when both GLB and PM were given, as compared to that of either of the drugs, administered alone. Liver ultra-structure, analyzed through histology and transmission electron microscopy revealed normalization of the ALX-induced damaged hepatocytes. The presence of epicatechin, the major phytoconstituent of the PM extract, as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is responsible for its antioxidative and glucose-lowering activities. These findings reveal that PM, along with GLB, exhibits synergistic and better effects than the individual drug in regulating hyperglycemia and associated changes in alloxan-induced mice.

Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Seed Extract on Alloxan-Induced Mice Kidney Histology

Abstract &#x0D; Nigella sativa (N. sativa) has been used in traditional medicine, and several studies have been performed in the last decades to reveal its effects of it on different medical disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa extract in an alloxan-induced mice model. This research was a true experimental post-test-only control group design. Eight-weeks old male Mus musculus were treated with alloxan (150 mg/ kg) by a single intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetes mellitus. At three days of injection, N. sativa extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) was administered via gavage for two weeks. The result of this study showed that N. sativa seed extract had a significant (P&lt;0.05) nephroprotective effect on the kidneys based on the degree of kidney damage in alloxan-induced mice. This effect may be due to Nigella sativa’s antioxidant properties.&#x0D; Keywords: Nigella sativa, histology kidney, oxidative stress

Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2-(3-BenzoyI-4-Hydroxy-1,1-Dioxido-2H-Benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yI)-N-(2-Bromophenyl) Acetamide as Antidiabetic Agent.

The present study is based on screening new and potent synthetic heterocyclic compounds as anti-diabetic drugs using various computational tools, lab experiments, and animal models. A potent synthetic compound 2-(3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-1-(2-bromophenyl) acetamide (FA2) was checked against diabetes and screened via enzyme inhibition assays, enzyme kinetics against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. Protein-ligand interaction was analyzed via molecular docking and toxicological analysis via ADMET. Experimental animals were used to examine the compound FA2 safety, delivery, and check various biochemical tests related to diabetes like fasting glucose sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HbAc1, creatinine, and insulin level. Histography of liver, kidney, and pancreas was also performed. Results showed that FA2 had binding energy of -7.02 Kcal/mol and -6.6 kcal/mol against α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 2ZE0) and α-amylase (PDB ID: 1B2Y), respectively. Moreover, in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and enzyme kinetics against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were performed, and FA2 showed IC50 at 5.17 ± 0.28 µM and 18.82 ± 0.89 µM concentrations against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Kinetics studies showed that the FA2 compound impeded α-glucosidase and α-amylase as a non-competitive mode of inhibition with Ki' values -0.320 ± 0.001 and 0.141 ± 0.01, respectively. FA2 was further analyzed on alloxan-induced mice for 21 days. Biochemical tests (fasting glucose sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HbAc1, creatinine, and insulin levels) and histological examination of liver and kidney showed that the FA2 compound showed better results than acarbose. Histology of pancreas found to show the maintenance of normal pancreatic acini and Langerhans islets in FA2 treated mice compared to acarbose and nontreated diabetic controls. Investigating anti-diabetic potential of FA2 compound showed that the selected benzothiazine derivative has tremendous importance in reducing dose concentration and side effects.

Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (PRI 29) Isolated from Cameroonian Fermented Cow Milk in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Type-1 Mice Model

Background: Diabetes remains a global public health concern in the world. Much is known about the burden of type 2 diabetes as opposed to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hence underdiagnosis is evident. Diabetes type 1 is often associated with multiple symptoms and patients with type 1 diabetes are left with regular insulin injection as remedy despite odds of the fact that it is sprout by multiple challenges ranging from hypoglycemia, expensive nature and inconveniences. The use of probiotic bacteria appears today as one of safer alternative to alleviate diabetes and symptoms. Aim of the study: This study aims at characterizing potential hypoglycemic probiotic lactic acid bacterium from fermented cow milk and to evaluate its effects on anthropometric parameters of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in an alloxan-induced mice model. Methods: The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from samples of Fulani cow milk using pour plating technique on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The isolates were then further characterized phenotypically and molecularly using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Type-1 diabetes mellitus was induced in Balb-c mice by administration of 150mg/Kg B.w of alloxan intraperitoneally, twice consecutively. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups after induction with 150mg/kg of alloxan per body weight except Group I (normal control). Animals were treated with different probiotic doses of concentration: 9x108 CFU/mL, 1.8x109 CFU/mL and 2.7x109CFU/mL respectively and insulin as positive control. MDA, NO levels as well as anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH) were measured from pancreatic homogenate. Results: One isolate (PRI 29) was selected based on its functional properties like resistance to simulated gastro-intestinal stress environment (acid and bile salt tolerance) and absence of hemolytic activity. This probiotic isolate was identified as a strain of Lactobacillus fermentum. The isolate was sensitive to 10 tested antibiotics including vancomycin, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin. The isolate resisted acid and bile salts since there was no significant difference (p &gt;0.05) between viable count before and after incubation pH 2.5 and bile salts concentration of 0.3 and 0.6%. Administration of probiotic LAB significantly (p&lt;0.001) ameliorated polydipsia and polyphagia. The glucose and oral glucose tolerance levels were ameliorated in probiotics treated groups p&lt;0.05 as compared to the untreated group. Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum strain was capable of significantly ameliorating oxidative stress in LAB treated mice compared to untreated group (p&lt;0.001) demonstrated by decrease in pro-oxidant NO and MDA. The administration of probiotics led to increase in anti-oxidants (SOD, GSH &amp; CAT) to scavenge oxidative stress biomarkers within the mice treated group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The selected Probiotic lactic acid bacterium isolated from cow milk possess antidiabetic and anti -oxidant properties.

The Effect of Petai (Parkia Speciosa Hassk) Seed Extract and Glimepiride on Blood Sugar Levels Of Alloxan-Induced Mice (Mus Musculus)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of insulin deficiency in the body, ineffective insulin function, or both. Glimepiride is a third generation of oral hypoglycemic drug (OHO) that has a lower risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain compared to the first generation of sulfonylurea. Petai plant (Parkia speciosa Hassk) is one of the medicinal plants that has been known to be efficacious as antioxidant and anti-diabetic. This study aimed to discover the effect of administering the seeds of petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) on blood glucose levels in mice induced by alloxan. This experimental study used 42 mice divided into 5 groups, they were K- (a standard diet), K+ (alloxan 175 mg/kgBB), control treatments P1 and P2 with doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kgBB of petai seed extract, and control treatment P3 with Glimepiride 0.0026/20g. This research was conducted at Pharmacology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. Blood sugar levels were measured by the colorimetric method using vitalab micro spectrophotometer (Microlab 300). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test on the blood sugar levels of mice with the administration of petai seed extract at a dose of 300mg/KgBB with a mean decrease in blood sugar levels of 85.48±5.32 mg/dl and on the blood sugar levels of mice with the administration of Glimepiride 0.0026mg/20gBB with a mean decrease in blood sugar levels of 88.73±9.95 mg/dl for 7 days did not show a statistically significant difference in the Post Hoc Test with Mann-Whitney (p = 0.423) with a mean difference of reduction of 3.25mg/dl. The conclusion of this study is that the petai seed extract has the same effective effect as Glimepiride to reduce blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced mice.

Ameliorative Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Renal Morphology of Alloxan-Induced Mice

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which affects multiple tissues including kidneys. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) are known to have antidiabetic potential, but their molecular and cellular effects are poorly characterized. We identified the bioactive compounds in soursop leaf ethanol extract (SLEE). The SLEE substances demonstrated the total alkaloid and total flavonoid contents. Twelve bioactive compounds profiles were identified in SLEE classified as alkaloid, flavonol glycoside, and monoterpenoid lactone derivatives. The SLEE treatments in mice were performed by dividing Swiss Webster mice into five groups, including negative and positive controls and three experimental groups provided with SLEE (doses 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW) for 14 days. The mice in the experimental groups were treated with alloxan to induce diabetes. The renal samples were stained for H&amp;E for morphological changes. However, 600 mg/kg of SLEE showed a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) on the height of the Bowman’s space and prevented the tubularization of the left kidney’s glomerulus (p &lt; 0.05). Altogether, we report no significant difference in the glomerular diameter, the thickness of the proximal convoluted tubules, the height of the Bowman’s space, and the glomerular tubularization after 14 days of treatment with SLEE.

Uji Efektivitas Antidiabetik Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Senggani (Melastomapolyanthum .Bl) dan Glibenklamid dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Mencit (Mus Musculus)

This study aims to determine the antidiabetic effectiveness of the combination of Senggani leaf extract (Malestoma polyanthum Bl.) And Glibenclamide against alloxan-induced mice. This study used 15 male mice divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of 3 male mice, group I was given Na.CMC 1% w / v, groups III, IV, V were each given a combination of senggani leaf extract 90 mg / kg, 180 mg / kg, 360 mg / kg and 5 mg of glibeclamide as the treatment group, and for group II were given glibenclamide suspension 5 mg for comparison. Alloxan 150 mg / KgBW was used as an inducer of diabetes. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out three times, namely initial glucose measurement, post-induction glucose measurement and post-treatment glucose measurement. The results showed that giving senggani leaf extract with a concentration of 90 mg / kg BW, 180 mg / kg BW, 360 mg / kg BW had an antidiabetic effect in male mice. Senggani leaf extract 360 mg / kg BW showed the most effective antidiabetic effect, but still more smaller than the 5 mg glibenclamide suspension.

ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY OF SENNA SIAMEA LAM. METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT IN MICE

Senna siamea Lam Irwin et Barneby is used as a medicinal plant especially its leaf, fruit, and stem bark. In this work, the leaf of Senna siamea was extracted using 85 % methanol by maceration method, screened, and investigated for phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity was evaluated using Lorke’s method and an antidiabetic study was carried out using alloxan-induced Wistar mice. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, steroid/terpenes, terpenoids, cardenolides and alkaloids, while phlorotannins and soluble starch were absent. The acute toxicity study revealed no death was recorded on the administration of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg dose of the leaf methanol extracts via both the oral and intraperitoneal routes in phase I. But death was recorded in phase two, when an extract dose of 5000 mg/kg of the leaf extracts was administered intraperitoneally. Thus, LD50 of the leaf extracts in rats administered via the oral route was ≥5000 mg/kg while the intraperitoneal route was calculated as 3807 mg/kg. The antidiabetic study revealed that the extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg bd.wt produced a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the animals with reductions of 61.01 % and 34.84 % respectively, while both the negative and positive controls had 00.00 % and 76.68 %. The result shows that the effect of the extract was not dose-dependent since the extract of 200 mg/kg exerted a more significant antidiabetic effect on the mice. Thus, the study justified the traditional use of the plant for the management of diabetes.

Studi Histopatologi Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Diabetes Setelah Pemberian Cuka dari Kulit Nanas (Ananas Comosus (L.) Mer.)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs due to impaired insulin secretion caused by progressive damage to beta cells. Pineapple skin vinegar contained acetic acid and antioxidants which have the potential to help repaired the structure of the nephron ren and other organs affected by diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examined the effectiveness of pineapple skin vinegar on improved the histological structure of diabetic rats ( Rattus norvegicus L.). This study based on changed in the structure of the nephron in samples of normal and alloxan-induced mice pre-treatmented and post-treatmented. Twenty-four rats were divided into 6 groups, named normal control, positive control (diabetes + 0.4 mL apple vinegar), negative control (diabetes + water), dose test groups 1, 2, and 3 (pineapple vinegar 0.2 mL; 0.4 mL; 0.8 mL). Statistical analysis test used ANOVA was followed by Duncan test. The conclusion of this research, the pineapple skin vinegar showed the ability to repair the histopathological structure of white rats damaged by diabetes. The optimum dose needed was 0.8 mL to improved the histological structure of the nephron, as indicated by the glomerular diameter and the distance of the Bowman's capsule space to near normal.

Effect of Annona muricata Leaf Extract Towards the Sertoli Cells on Alloxan-Induced Mice.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can increase the production of reactive oxygen and enhance the risk of male infertility by reducing the number of Sertoli cells. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Ethanol Extract of &lt;i&gt;Annona muricata &lt;/i&gt;leaf (EEAL) on the amount of Sertoli cells in alloxan-induced mice antioxidant to prevent reducing the number of Sertoli cells. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The samples used for this study are 30 alloxan-induced Swiss Webster mice divided into a negative control group, a positive control group (glibenclamide 0.65 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and three plant extract groups (EEAL 150, 300 and 600 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;). Every solution was given every day for 14 days. Histological examination using HE-stained preparations was performed on 40x magnification to evaluate many Sertoli cells counted using Image J software. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; three EEAL groups of 150, 300 and 600 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; have significant effects (p<0.05) to increase the amounts of Sertoli cells compared to a negative control group. In contrast, it does not significantly affect the amounts of Sertoli cells than the positive control group. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The administration of &lt;i&gt;A. muricata&lt;/i&gt; leaf extract during 14 days significantly reduced the number of Sertoli cells on alloxan-induced mice.