Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (PRI 29) Isolated from Cameroonian Fermented Cow Milk in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Type-1 Mice Model

Abstract

Background: Diabetes remains a global public health concern in the world. Much is known about the burden of type 2 diabetes as opposed to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hence underdiagnosis is evident. Diabetes type 1 is often associated with multiple symptoms and patients with type 1 diabetes are left with regular insulin injection as remedy despite odds of the fact that it is sprout by multiple challenges ranging from hypoglycemia, expensive nature and inconveniences. The use of probiotic bacteria appears today as one of safer alternative to alleviate diabetes and symptoms. Aim of the study: This study aims at characterizing potential hypoglycemic probiotic lactic acid bacterium from fermented cow milk and to evaluate its effects on anthropometric parameters of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in an alloxan-induced mice model. Methods: The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from samples of Fulani cow milk using pour plating technique on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The isolates were then further characterized phenotypically and molecularly using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Type-1 diabetes mellitus was induced in Balb-c mice by administration of 150mg/Kg B.w of alloxan intraperitoneally, twice consecutively. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups after induction with 150mg/kg of alloxan per body weight except Group I (normal control). Animals were treated with different probiotic doses of concentration: 9x108 CFU/mL, 1.8x109 CFU/mL and 2.7x109CFU/mL respectively and insulin as positive control. MDA, NO levels as well as anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH) were measured from pancreatic homogenate. Results: One isolate (PRI 29) was selected based on its functional properties like resistance to simulated gastro-intestinal stress environment (acid and bile salt tolerance) and absence of hemolytic activity. This probiotic isolate was identified as a strain of Lactobacillus fermentum. The isolate was sensitive to 10 tested antibiotics including vancomycin, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin. The isolate resisted acid and bile salts since there was no significant difference (p >0.05) between viable count before and after incubation pH 2.5 and bile salts concentration of 0.3 and 0.6%. Administration of probiotic LAB significantly (p<0.001) ameliorated polydipsia and polyphagia. The glucose and oral glucose tolerance levels were ameliorated in probiotics treated groups p<0.05 as compared to the untreated group. Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum strain was capable of significantly ameliorating oxidative stress in LAB treated mice compared to untreated group (p<0.001) demonstrated by decrease in pro-oxidant NO and MDA. The administration of probiotics led to increase in anti-oxidants (SOD, GSH & CAT) to scavenge oxidative stress biomarkers within the mice treated group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The selected Probiotic lactic acid bacterium isolated from cow milk possess antidiabetic and anti -oxidant properties.