Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats Research Articles

Pancreatic regenerative potential of manuka honey evidenced through pancreatic histology and levels of transcription factors in diabetic rat model

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a commonly occurring metabolic disorder accompanied by high morbidity and alarming mortality. Besides various available therapies, induction of pancreatic regeneration has emerged as a promising strategy for alleviating the damaging effect of diabetes. Honey, a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported in the literature archive to exhibit favourable results in the regeneration process of several organ systems. DesignThe current research work was intended to explore the potential role of manuka honey in pancreatic regeneration in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by accessing the pancreatic histology and levels of relevant transcription factors, including MAFA, PDX-1, INS-1, INS-2, NEUROG3, NKX6-1, and NEUROD. An equal number of rats were allocated to all four experimental groups: normal, negative control, positive control, and treatment group. Diabetes was induced in all groups except normal through a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan monohydrate. No subsequent treatment was given to the negative control group, while the positive control and treatment groups were supplemented with metformin (150 mg/kg/day) and manuka honey (3 g/kg/day), respectively. ResultsStatistical comparison of glucose and insulin levels, oxidative stress indicators, changes in the architecture of pancreatic islets, and expression levels of regeneration-associated transcription factors advocated the potential role of manuka honey in ameliorating the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, and necrotic changes in islets along with significant upregulation of relevant transcription factors. ConclusionThis suggests to us the auspicious role of antioxidants in honey in pancreatic regeneration and advocates the favourable role of manuka honey in combating diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF FRUITS EXTRACTS OF Balanites aeqyptiaca AND Adansonia digitata ON LIPIDERMIC PARAMETERS OF DIABETICS ALBINO RAT

Lipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in people with diabetes mellitus. High plasma triglyceride concentration, low HDL cholesterol concentration, and elevated concentration of tiny dense LDL cholesterol particles are some of its distinguishing features. Fruits from Balanites aeqyptiaca and Adansonia digitata have the ability to decrease blood pressure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the combined effects of the two fruits on the lipidemia of alloxan-induced albino rats. Utilizing the glucose dehydrogenase method, glucometer accu-check was used for the evaluation of blood glucose levels. Investigations were also conducted on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats to measure total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). According to the results, B. aegyptiaca and A. digitata fruit extracts significantly reduced the lipid profiles of the treated groups when used at concentrations of 80:20, 160:40, and 240:60 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. While the lipid profiles were significantly reduced in groups that received treatment at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. However, the groups treated with the highest doses of the extracts demonstrated the most significant effects on the levels of triglycerides (47mg/dl), HDL (79mg/dl), and LDL (40mg/dl). The fruits have shown cumulative effects on their potential to lower the lipid profile of diabetic rats, validating their folkloric usage in the management of cardiovascular illnesses.

The Potential of West Sumatran Dadiah as The Novel to Alleviate Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolemia, and Reducing NF-kB Expression in Nephropathy Diabetes Rat Model

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The main mechanism for the development of DN is an inflammatory reaction as indicated by increased expression of NF-kB in kidney tissue due to chronic hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hyperglycemia is related to changes in the composition of the microbiota which can cause dysbiosis. The therapeutic approach in DM sufferers using probiotics needs attention. Dadiah is a naturally fermented buffalo milk product in bamboo tubes. Even though this probiotic has health benefits, its mechanism as an antidiabetic is not widely known. This study aims to reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and inflammatory marker NF-kB levels after Dadiah treatment. This study was an experimental animal study using 7 groups, each group of 6 rats, 8 weeks of intervention, and evaluation of serum glucose and cholesterol every 2 weeks. NF-kB expression in kidney tissue was examined after 8 weeks of the termination phase. We examined their effect on blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol, and NF-kB antibody expression in kidney tissue using immunohistochemical assays. probiotic metabolites in intraperitoneal Alloxan-induced diabetic rats 100 mg/kg b. w. The results showed the potential of Dadiah and its metabolites to significantly (one-way ANOVA test) reduce hyperglycemia and serum cholesterol and inhibit oxidative stress by reducing NF-kB expression in kidney tissue after treatment. Dadiah probiotics should be considered as a nutritional companion in DN and as a future therapeutic target for DM patients to prevent the development of microvascular complications and hypercholesterolemia. HIGHLIGHTS Dadiah is a naturally fermented buffalo milk product in bamboo tubes. Dadiah (Probiotic) originating from West Sumatra, Indonesia acts as an antidiabetic. Dadiah and its metabolites significantly reduced hyperglycemia and serum cholesterol and inhibited oxidative stress by reducing NF-kB expression in kidney tissue after treatment. Dadiah probiotics should be considered as a nutritional companion in diabetic nephropathy and as a future therapeutic target for DM patients to prevent the development of microvascular complications and hypercholesterolemia. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effect of combined seeds of Sesemum indicum and Moringa oleifera compounded feed on liver function markers of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats

This study investigated the effect of combined seeds of Sesemum indicum (SI) and Moringa oleifera (MO) on liver function markers in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. 54 albino rats were divided into 9 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 served as the normal control and received standard feed diet, Group 2 (Diabetic control) received intraperitoneal injection of 140mg/kg of Alloxan, Group 3 (Positive control) received 5mg/kg of glibenclamide, Group 4; diabetic rats fed diet containing 15% of SI. Group 5; diabetic rat fed with 15% of MO diet, Group 6; diabetic rat fed with combination of 15% SI and 15% MO compounded diet. Group 7; diabetic rat fed with 30% of SI diet. Group 8; diabetic rat fed with 30% of MO diet. Group 9; diabetic rat fed with combination of 30% MO and 30% SI diet. The Feed was compounded and was given daily for 14 days. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were estimated to assess hepatic function using spectrophotometric method. Results showed a significant decrease in ALT, ALP, AST, and bilirubin levels when fed with compounded feeds at (p<0.05). Also feeding of diet with combined seeds significantly (P<0.05) increased the total protein and albumin in induced rats. Overall, compounded feed with combined seeds of SI and MO exhibited a promising anti-diabetic activity and normalized the liver enzyme activities which appeared comparable to the control glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetes hence, may be recommended for treatment/management of diabetes mellitus.

Blood glucose level, lipid profile and histopathology of alloxan induced diabetic rats fed Sesamum indicum compounded diet

The purpose of this study was to examine the blood glucose level, lipid profile, and histology of alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed compounded diet of Sesamum indicum. 36 male albino rats were divided into nine groups of four each for a period of 21 days: normal control, diabetic control, treated with the standard medication glibenclamide, diabetic rats fed with 15%, 30%, and 60% compounded diet, and normal rats fed with 15%, 30%, and 60% compounded diet and induced with diabetics after 14 days. single intraperitoneal injection of freshly produced alloxan (120 mg/kg b.wt.) was used to induce diabetes. Acu-check glucometer was used to measure the blood glucose level, and conventional spectrophotometric method was used to measure the lipid profile level. When compared to the diabetic control group, which had glucose level above 200, the groups fed the compounded diet had decreased level. Significant (p<0.05) reduction was observed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein when compared with diabetic control while the compounded diets were able to increase HDL that was found to be low in diabetic control. When compared to the diabetic control group, which displayed a damaged pancreas, the results from the histopathology of the pancreas showed that the groups fed with the compounded diet had a repaired pancreas. According to the study's findings, Sesamum indicum has the ability to reduce excessive blood glucose and cholesterol levels as well as mend a diabetic rat's deformed pancreas.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aqueous Root Extract of Senna alata in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aqueous Root Extract of Senna alata in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

The anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Dadiah to activate Sirtuin-1 in inhibiting diabetic nephropathy progression.

The activation of SIRT-1 in the kidney has become a new therapeutic target to increase resistance to many causal factors in DN development. Furthermore, antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation are essential to preventing renal fibrosis in DN. Therefore, finding "probiotic products" to treat and prevent DN is necessary. This study aimed to analyze the anti-inflammatory of probiotic dadiah to activate SIRT-1 in inhibiting DN progression. This study is an experimental group designed with a post-test-only control group to observe the effect of dadiah, LAB, and bacteriocin on alloxan-induced nephropathy diabetic rats through two control groups and five intervention groups for eight weeks. The expression of antibodies SIRT-1 and TNF-α was examined using Immunohistochemistry and histopathology of kidney tissue. All data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The treatment of dadiah, lactic acid bacteria, and bacteriocin showed a higher expression of Sirtuin-1 than the positive control. They also, reduce TNF-α expression varies significantly between treatments. The highest average of interstitial fibrosis in the C + groups was substantially different from all groups, but all treatments showed decreased kidney fibrosis. Although all treatments showed a decrease in interstitial kidney fibrosis found in the control group, the treatment using dadiah showed the highest result. Dadiah has the potential to the prevention of fibrosis on kidney tissue of alloxan-induced nephropathy diabetic rats. The findings could be to develop novel treatments for DN that aim to reduce the cascade of oxidative stress and inflammatory signals in kidney tissue.

Antidiabetic, Antioxidative and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Strawberry Fruit Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is one of the accomplished sources of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanin, phenolic acids, flavonols, ellagitannins, and a diverse range of minerals and vitamins that can help to boost human health. This study was carried out to explore the antidiabetic, antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic potential of strawberry extracts against alloxan-induced (100 mg/kg body weight) diabetic rats. Accordingly, rats were categorized into six groups including control (G0), positive control (G1), treatment groups (G2, G3, and G4) given strawberry extract at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, and G5 provided metformin @70 mg/kg BW for 28 days with ad libitum diet. At the trial termination, the rats were sacrificed and were subjected to analysis including body weight, blood glucose level and glycemic indicators, antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT) and histopathology for pancreatic tissues. The results indicated that treatment of diabetic rats with strawberry extract at 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose level, serum urea, and creatinine as well as significant increases in body weight, insulin activity, and protein levels. In addition, the diabetic rats that did not receive strawberry extract (control) exhibited an increase in plasma glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and a decrease in body weight and insulin levels. Briefly, it is reported that strawberry fruit extracts reduced blood sugar levels, possess hypolipidemic potential, and helped to maintain antioxidant levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Combined Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic Activity of Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Unhealthy lifestyle habits greatly increase the risks of various degenerative illnesses, for example, diabetes mellitus as well as dyslipidemia. Recent studies have shown that the pharmaceutical drugs used for the treatment of these conditions have undesirable side effects. This indicates that it is necessary to find more effective and safe alternative treatment options, particularly in medicinal plants, such as Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens. Therefore, this research examined the combined antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity of Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The insulin sensitivity of the test animals was assessed at the beginning of the experiment using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) through the administration of 3 g/kgBW glucose. Pancreatic destruction was induced with the intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 150 mg/kgBW alloxan, and the rats were treated with ethanol extract for 14 days. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the enzymatic method. The results showed that the single extracts and their combination exhibited high antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity. This was indicated by a substantial reduction in fasting blood sugar, TG, TC, and LDL-C (p<0.05), and an insignificant increase in HDL-C. The activity of the combined extract was similar to the single extracts, but it was not better in decreasing TG levels. Based on these findings, 95% ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Gynura procumbens, and their combination exhibited high antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity in alloxan-induced rats.

Comparative Hepatoprotective Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Solvent Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Comparative Hepatoprotective Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Solvent Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Hepatorenal Protective Functions of Coconut Water in Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Coconut water is a natural product reported to contain antioxidant compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of mature coconut water on some biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions, and histological architecture of the pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, (n=6). Group I (negative control) rats were fed with rat chow and drinking water ad libitum and did not receive alloxan. Group II (positive control) received a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus. Groups III and IV received a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan and were treated with 1ml/kg of mature coconut water for 3 weeks and 2mg/kg of glibenclamide for 3 weeks respectively by oral administration. On day 21, blood samples were collected for liver and kidney function tests. Liver function tests for Group II showed elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, and low alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.05). When compared with Group II, Group III showed elevated liver function parameters except ALT that was reduced (p<0.05). Group IV showed elevated AST, total bilirubin, and reduced ALT, ALP, albumin, and total protein (p<0.05). Kidney function tests showed that rats in Group II had significantly high creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium, and sodium (p<0.05). Group III had lowered creatinine, potassium levels, but with elevated urea, bicarbonate, and sodium levels (p<0.05). Group IV had lowered creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium levels, but with elevated sodium levels (p<0.05). This study indicates that mature coconut water can be included in the treatment regimen for diabetes mellitus due to its hepatorenal protective functions.

Fortification of Fermented Camel Milk with Salvia officinalis L. or Mentha piperita Leaves Powder and Its Biological Effects on Diabetic Rats.

The incorporation of fermented camel milk with natural additives possesses numerous benefits for the treatment of various pathological and metabolic conditions. The present study investigated the impact of fortification of fermented camel milk with sage or mint leaves powder (1 and 1.5%, respectively) on glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The gross chemical composition of sage and peppermint leaves powder was studied. The chemical composition of sage and mint extracts was performed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of sage and mint extracts. Furthermore, a total of forty-two adult normal male albino rats were included in this study, whereas one group was kept as the healthy control group (n = 6 rats) and diabetes was induced in the remaining animals (n = 36 rats) using alloxan injection (150 mg/kg of body weight). Among diabetic rats groups, a control group (n = 6 rats) was kept as the diabetic control group whereas the other 5 groups (6 rats per group) of diabetic rats were fed fermented camel milk (FCM) or fermented camel milk fortified with 1 and 1.5% of sage or mint leaves powder. Interestingly, the oral administration of fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder, at both concentrations, caused a significant decrease in blood glucose level and lipid profile, and an increase in insulin level compared to the diabetic control and FCM groups. Among others, the best results were observed in the group of animals that received fermented camel milk fortified with 1.5% sage powder. In addition, the results revealed that the fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder improved the liver and kidney functions of diabetic rats. Our study concluded that the use of sage and mint leaves powder (at a ratio of 1.5%) with fermented camel milk produces functional food products with anti-diabetic activity.

Phenolics Extracted from Jasminum sambac Mitigates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Mediators and the Nfr-2/HO-1 Pathway in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder defined as hyperglycemia and pancreatic β-cell deterioration, leading to other complications such as cardiomyopathy. The current study assessed the therapeutic effects of phenolic acids extracted from Jasminum sambac phenols of leaves (JSP) against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. The rats were divided into four groups, with each group consisting of 20 rats. The rats were given intraperitoneal injections of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. The diabetes-induced groups (III and IV) received treatment for six weeks that included 250 and 500 mg/kg of JSP extract, respectively. In the treated rats, the results demonstrated that JSP extract restored fasting glucose, serum glucose, and hyperlipidemia. Alloxan induced cardiomyopathy, promoted oxidative stress, and altered cardiac function biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I, proBNP, CK-MB, LDH, and IMA. The JSP extract-treated rats showed improved cardiac function indicators, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, the mRNA expression of caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 was significantly higher, while Bcl-2, Nrf-2, and HO-,1 was significantly lower. In the treated groups, the expression levels of the BAX, Nrf-2, HO-1, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 genes were dramatically returned to normal level. According to our findings, the JSP extract prevented cardiomyopathy and heart failure in the hyperglycemic rats by improving cardiac biomarkers and lowering the levels of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.

Effects of Hirudotherapy in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Male Rats: Histopathological and Biochemical Changes

Background: Hirudotherapy is very common in traditional Iranian medicine for treating various diseases, including hyperglycemia. However, there is no scientific research to evaluate its effect on diabetes mellitus and the possible side effects. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological changes in healthy and diabetic male rats treated with leeches. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 28 male Albino Wistar rats randomly divided into control, diabetic, and two treatment groups (control and diabetic rats treated with Hirudo medicinalis). Hirudotherapy was done in 3 to 5 minutes every 5 days for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the study, blood glucose, biochemical activity of the liver, kidney, and serum lipid enzymes were evaluated by enzymatic methods. Pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were studied in the experimental groups. Results: The levels of blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Cr), urea, and phosphorus significantly increased in diabetic rats treated with leeches compared to the control group (P

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DECALEPIS HAMILTONII LEAVES EXTRACT

In most nations, diabetes mellitus is a serious and rising health issue. The goal of the study was to compare the antidiabetic effects of leaves extracts of Decalepis hamiltonii in normal and diabetic rats induced with alloxan. Using 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate, diabetes was induced. In order to considerably lower blood glucose levels in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, D. hamiltonii methanolic extract was given at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg, along with glibenclamide at a dose of 7 mg/kg bwt. Additionally, the injection of the extract dramatically reduced the levels of AST, ALT, triglycerides, and total blood cholesterol while simultaneously raising the amount of liver glycogen. In order to perform the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), separate groups were given doses of D. hamiltonii methanolic extract (200 mg, 400 mg), and glibenclamide (7.5 mg), which effectively reduced blood sugar levels following an oral glucose load at all time points. These findings indicate that diabetic rats' blood glucose levels were successfully lowered by the methanolic extract of D. hamiltonii leaves. The antioxidant potential of the leaves was measured using various in vitro assays. The methanolic extracts showed high antioxidant activity measured as scavenging of DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidant activity did not correlate with the phenolic content of the extracts. These results demonstrate the antioxidant potency of the leaves extracts which could be the basis for its alleged health promoting potential of D. hamiltonii. The leaves of D. hamiltonii could serve as a new source of natural antioxidants or nutraceuticals with potential applications to reducing the level of oxidative stress and related health benefits. KEYWORDS: Decalepis hamiltonii, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Alloxan, AST, OGTT

HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA LINN. ON NORMAL AND ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate hypoglycemic action of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Oxalis corniculata linn. on normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats.
 
 Methods: Hyperglycemia is induced by use of intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan and Adrenaline. After that test drug Ethanolic extract of leaves of Oxalis corniculata (ELOC) and standard drug Glibenclamide in administered. The hypoglycemic effect of ELOC is compared with the standard drug and control.
 
 Results: Significant hypoglycemic activity of ELOC was seen in Alloxan induced hyperglycemia when blood glucose levels were estimated from different tissues. Also, significant hypoglycemic activity of ELOC was seen in Adrenaline induced hyperglycemia.
 
 Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of Oxalis corniculata (ELOC) possess hypoglycemic activity.
 Key words: hypoglycemic activity, Alloxan, Oxalis corniculata

Acalypha wilkesiana Exhibits Antihyperglycemic Potentials and Ameliorates Damages to Pancreas and Spleen of Diabetic Rat Model

Background: The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic and ameliorative effect of aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. The experimental rats were divided into six groups. Rats of the first group served as normal controls. Rats of the second group were negative control as they were induced with diabetes without treatment. The third group was treated with glibenclamide after induction of diabetes. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups were diabetic rats, treated with aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana at low dose (100mg/kg body weight), medium dose (200mg/kg body weight) and high dose (400mg/kg body weight) respectively. The blood glucose levels of the animals in each group were checked on day 5, 10 and 15 to examine the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana. Also, on day 5, 10 and 15, the pancreas and spleen of experimental animals from each group were harvested for histological examination. Result: The result obtained showed that the graded doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the blood glucose levels of the diabetic animals in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the histological examination of the pancreas and spleen of the experimental animals treated with aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana showed normal pancreatic islet (PI) filled with islet cells (Granular appearance) and pancreatic acini (PA), while normal spleen with white pulp containing periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) and central arteriole (CA), splenic cord (SC) and sinusoids (SS) were seen in the same animals treated with the extract. The effect of the extract was similar in action to the standard drug glibenclamide. Conclusion: The aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana possesses antihyperglycemic potentials and ameliorates the pancreas and spleen of diabetic albino rats.

Polyphenols-rich polyherbal mixture attenuates hepatorenal impairment, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

ABSTRACT Effects of polyherbal mixture on hepatorenal injury and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into Wistar rats to induce diabetes. Animals were allotted to six groups (n = 6) and treatments were administered for consecutive six weeks as normal and diabetic controls, glibenclamide and polyherbal mixture (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg), respectively. Ameliorative effects of the polyherbal mixture were investigated by assessing FBG levels, changes in body and organ (liver and kidney) weights, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress along with inflammatory parameters in addition to histopathological examination of the liver and kidney. The results showed that alloxan-injected rats had significant (P < 0.05) hyperglycaemia in addition to elevated serum levels of hepatorenal injury indices (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, BUN and uric acid) and hyperlipidaemia evidenced by increased TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and decreased HDL-C levels. Furthermore, diabetes induction caused an increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and a reduction in antioxidant markers (SOD and CAT activities) as well as inflammation (TNF-α) in hepatic and renal tissues. Polyherbal mixture remarkably improved the aforementioned parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological findings supported the biochemical results. Conclusively, this study has provided novel insights into the efficacy of polyherbal mixtures in managing hyperglycaemia and its secondary complications in diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic rats: Hyperlipidemia and role of mango seed

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Diabetes is a hyperglycemic disease caused by a lack of action of insulin, but serum lipids are also strongly affected by insulin. Serum lipid abnormalities (dyslipidemia) are frequently observed in diabetic populations regardless of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Hypertriglyceridemia is the greatest common serum lipid abnormality in diabetic populations. To study the effect of mango seeds on dyslipidemia in diabetes-induced rats. There was a noticeable difference in the body weight (BW) of male and female diabetic rats.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate effect on BW and the antihyperlipidemic actions of ethanolic extract of mango seed (EEMS) on alloxan-mediated diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Antihyperlipidemic in addition antidiabetic properties of an EEMS was planned at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. The antidiabetic effect of EEMS been matched with tolbutamide 500 mg/kg BW. The lipid levels and BW of male and female rats were examined at consistent periods throughout the research.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The outcomes displayed that the dyslipidemia was considerably decreased in the different treatment groups, while matched with control, the animals cured with tolbutamide and EEMS control.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; EEMS exhibited a noteworthy antihyperlipidemic actions in addition with marked difference on BW of both male and female in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.