Alloxan-induced Diabetes Research Articles

Comparative Study of Hypoglycemic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Leaves and Fruits of Garden Egg (Solanum melongena) In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Guinea Pigs

The aim of this research work was to carry out a comparative study on the aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits of Garden egg (Solanum melongena) using alloxan induced diabetic guinea pigs. Blood glucose level analysis was used as diabetic indices. Z-test was used in comparing the mean fasting blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic guinea pigs after administration of aqueous leaf extracts and that of the aqueous extracts of the fruits of Garden egg (Solanum melongena) against the negative control (0.9%N/S) and positive control group (Glibenclamide solution).The results showed that there was a significant difference between the group that had oral administration of aqueous leaf extracts and the negative control group (p 0.05).

NLRP3 inflammasome mediates oxidative stress-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein inflammatory platforms that induce caspase-1 activation and subsequently interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 processing. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by different forms of oxidative stress, and, based on the central role of IL-1β in the destruction of pancreatic islets, it could be related to the development of diabetes. We therefore investigated responses in wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice, NLRP3-/- mice, and mice deficient in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) after exposing islets to short-term hypoxia or alloxan-induced islet damage. NLRP3-deficient islets compared with WT islets had preserved function ex vivo and were protected against hypoxia-induced cell death. Furthermore, NLRP3 and ASC-deficient mice were protected against oxidative stress-induced diabetes caused by repetitive low-dose alloxan administration, and this was associated with reduced β-cell death and reduced macrophage infiltration. This suggests that the beneficial effect of NLRP3 inflammasome deficiency on oxidative stress-mediated β-cell damage could involve reduced macrophage infiltration and activation. To support the role of macrophage activation in alloxan-induced diabetes, we injected WT mice with liposomal clodronate, which causes macrophage depletion before induction of a diabetic phenotype by alloxan treatment, resulting in improved glucose homeostasis in WT mice. We show here that the NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a mediator of hypoxia and oxidative stress in insulin-producing cells, suggesting that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome could have beneficial effects on β-cell preservation.

Anti-Diabetic Properties of the Root Extracts of Salacia nitida Benth on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Anti-Diabetic Properties of the Root Extracts of Salacia nitida Benth on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic Effect of Baker’s Yeast in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes Mellitus is the most important public health problem in developed countries. It often leads to lethal complications if left untreated. Presently, no oral hypoglycemic agent or combination drug therapy exists to treat diabetes without toxicity or side effects. Insulin treatment also may lead to serious hypoglycemia and a reduction in its action by time. Therefore, the hypoglycemic effects of baker’s yeast, which is considered a safe food were investigated. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate at dose of 150mg/kg. After 14 days, rats with positive glucose urine dip stick were used for the study and oral yeast for another 14 days was started at a dose of 200mg/day and compared with oral Glibenclamide at dose of 0.5mg/kg. The blood glucose was increased significantly in the untreated Alloxan induced diabetic up to 229.8±22mg/dl, rats p <0.001, as well as in the Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats up to190.6± 26 mg/dl, p <0.05 as compared to the control normal group (74.8±5.7mg/dl). It was found that the administration of yeast significantly decreases the blood glucose up to 85.2± 5.9, p≤ 0.001. While no statistically significant decrease in the Glibenclamide treated group. The result showed that brewer's yeast has blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic model

Dynamics of Changes in Metabolic and Hematological Parameters after Transplantation of Pancreatic Islet Cells on TiNi Scaffold in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus.

The dynamics of the development of the pancreatic islet cells in the porous TiNi scaffold was studied by electron microscopy. Changes in the metabolism of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and parameters of the peripheral blood and bone marrow were shown after transplantation of pancreatic islet cells on porous permeable TiNi scaffold during alloxan-induced diabetes. The cells administered on the porous biocompatible scaffold produced more prolonged anti-diabetic effect and normalized hemopoiesis parameters in comparison with their intraperitoneal administration. The experiment on pancreatic islet cells showed that porous permeable TiNi scaffold is a unique cell incubator acceptable for usage for tissue engineering.

ROLE OF THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (TZDs) AND GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) AGONISTS AND ANTAGONOSTS IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS ON ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

Background: The rising incidence of insulin resistance to epidemic proportions has closely paralleled the surge in the prevalence of diabetes and outpaced therapeutic advances in diabetes prevention and treatment. Thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists are insulinotropic peptides and are being evaluated for the regulation of lipid profile in diabetes mellitus (DM). Thiazolidinedione and glucagon-like peptide-1 antagonists have anti- insulinotropic effects. Objectives: Evaluating the possible effects of thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, and their antagonists in lipoststic function in diabetic male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats were divided into seven equal groups: Group I served as a normal control group, group II was diabetic control, group III was diabetic group treated with thiazolidinedione agonist (pioglitazone), group IV was diabetic group treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (exendin-4), and group V was diabetic group treated with both pioglitazone and exendin-4, group VI was diabetic group treated with thiazolidinedione antagonist [Bisphenol A diglycidyl Ether (BADGE)], and group VII was diabetic group treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 antagonist (Exendin- 9-39). At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for measuring of fasting blood glucose, insulin level, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). Body weights at the beginning and at the end of the study were determined. Results: Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus was associated with significant higher levels of serum blood glucose, total cholesterol, TG and LDL-C, AST, and ALT, with significant lower levels of insulin, and HDL-C as compared to the control normal group. Pioglitazone, exendin-4 or both showed significant lower levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, AST, and ALT, and significant higher levels of insulin and HDL-C as compared with the control diabetic rats. BADGE and exendin-9-39 revealed significant higher levels of serum blood glucose, total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, AST, and ALT, and significant lower levels of insulin and HDL-C as compared with the control normal group. As regards the differences between pioglitazone (group III) with exendine-4 group (group IV), the obtained data showed insignificant changes in all parameters. There were insignificant changes also between groups VI and VII in all parameters. Conclusion: Thiazolidinediones and glucagon- like peptide-1 agonists therapy has a marked effect on improvement of blood glucose, lipid profile and liver enzymes, while their antagonists blocked insulin secretion and impaired liver enzymes.

Biochemical and Histological Evaluation of Three Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts of Sri Lankan Origin on Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of refluxed aqueous extracts ofGmelina arborea,Spondias pinnata, andCoccinia grandison atherogenicity and oxidative stress in rats with chemically induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was used to induce diabetes to Wistar rats. Thereafter, diabetic rats (n=6 per group) were treated with the three selected plant extracts at their optimum effective therapeutic doses and glibenclamide (0.50 mg/kg, positive control) for 30 days. Administration of the three extracts in diabetic rats exhibited antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats on the 30th day of the study. The atherogenic and coronary risk indices were also reduced in support of the antiatherogenic effects. The results of the study revealed that the bark extracts ofG. arborea,S. pinnata, and leaf extract ofC. grandisexerted beneficial effects against dyslipidemia, atherogenicity, and oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The selected plant extracts would be beneficial for the development of food supplements targeting main complications associated with diabetes.

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TEPHROSIA CALOPHYLLA FOR ANTI-DIABETIC PROPERTIES

Objective: The objective the present work was to investigate in vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla against alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats.Methods: For in vivo evaluation, diabetes was induced in albino rats by administering a single dose of alloxan. The study was designed to test the acute effect of methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla (TCME) to reduce blood glucose in OGTT. The chronic study of 21 d was performed against diabetic rats and blood glucose was determined at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. In chronic in vivo study, serum concentrations of insulin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were also estimated at 21st day. The in vitro α-glucisidase inhibitory activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity were performed and IC50 values of the extract was determined. The glucose uptake by rat hemidiaphragm model was also used test potentials of the extract to increase utilization of the glucose by tissues.Results: In OGTT, standard glibenclamide and TCME at 400 mg/kg treated animals have shown significant reduction in blood glucose at 90 min but at 120 min, blood glucose level (BGL) was significantly reduced in glibenclamide and TCME at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg treated animals compared to diabetic control group. In chronic modelthe methanol extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.001) at 14 th and 21st day of study in therapeutic groups and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduce concentrations of SGOT, triglycerides (TGs), Total cholesterol (TC) and urea in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial effects of the extract in diabetes. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were less significant (P>0.01). In vitro studies, against both glucosidae and amyalase inhibitory activities, extract has shown significant IC50 values and it also enhanced glucose utilization by rat hemidaphragm.Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia calophylla possess significant in vivo anti-diabetic properties against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. The results also suggests that, TCME also possess the significant in vitro anti-dabetic potentials.

Antidiabetic potential of Caralluma europaea against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice.

Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are lacking. Herbal of natural origin, unlike the synthetic compounds, are more effective, safer and have less side effects. For continuing research on biological properties of Moroccan medicinal plants, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the potential and mechanism of the antidiabetic activity of the Caralluma europaea methanolic extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract. The in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging method, reducing power and ß-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated by giving it orally to mice at single doses of 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight. The antidiabetic effect was conducted on Swiss albino mice. Diabetes was induced with single intraperitonial injection of alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg body weight) and animals were treated with methanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose levels were measured and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed to evaluate alloxan-induced tissue injuries. The main phenols identified and quantified in the extract were ferulic acid, quercetine, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, epigallocatechin, and catechin. Ferulic acid was found to be the main phenolic compound ant its proportion was up to 52% of total phenolic compounds, followed by quercetin (36%). The result showed that methanol extract exhibited an antioxidant effect. Acute toxicity studies revealed that C. europaea extract was safe up 2000 mg/kg body weight and approximate LD50 is more than 2000 mg/kg. Moreover, the methanol extract prevented the diabetogenic effect of alloxan and decreased significantly the blood glucose level (P < 0.001) in treated mice. Morphometric study of pancreas revealed that C. europaea extract protected significantly the islets of Langerhans against alloxan-induced tissue alterations.

The Glucose Lowering Effect of Zornia gibbosa Span Extracts in Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects our body physiology. Untreated diabetes mellitus causes diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy, auto immune diseases, polyuria, polydipsia, loss of weight, and cardiovascular diseases. The use of medications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus causes adverse effects with long-term use, and sometimes leads to death. Today, researchers are working on the discovery of new anti-diabetes drugs from plants with low or no adverse effects. From this point of view, the present work was conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Zornia gibbosa Span. This acute toxicity study was conducted for ethyl acetate and ethanol (70%v/v) extracts of Z. gibbosa as per OECD guidelines. The anti-diabetic activity of selected plant extracts were tested using alloxan-induced diabetes in a rat model. No mortality was observed in the administered doses of Zornia gibbosa Span extracts. The tested extracts significantly (p≤0.01) restored the physiologic changes that occurred due to the alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The hydroalcoholic extracts at 500 mg/kg body weight concentration showed more activity compared with other extracts at different concentrations along with standard drug (glibenclamide). Zornia gibbosa significantly decreased glucose concentrations and restored the altered enzymes levels caused by damage to different organs by diabetes. The results of the present study indicate that Z. gibbosa has a significant anti-diabetic activity. Therefore, it may be capable of use as an alternate medicine along with allopathic medicine in the treatment of diabetes as well as its health problems.

Prolonged Effect of Niger Delta Honey on Blood Glucose and Haematological Parameters in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Prolonged Effect of Niger Delta Honey on Blood Glucose and Haematological Parameters in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Nephroprotective and Antihyperlipedemic Activity of Honey in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Nephroprotective and Antihyperlipedemic Activity of Honey in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Yam and Moringa oliefera Seed Blend in Lipid Profile Disorders, Kidney and Liver Toxicities, in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Yam and Moringa oliefera Seed Blend in Lipid Profile Disorders, Kidney and Liver Toxicities, in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of &lt;i&gt;Cassia sophera&lt;/i&gt; (Caesalpiniaceae)

Purpose: To examine the ethnomedicinal claims regarding the antidiabetic uses of Cassia sophera L. (Caesalpiniaceae) using an alloxan-induced diabetes model.Methods: The methanol extracts of leaves (CSLM) and roots (CSRM) of C. sophera were evaluated for hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic activities in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan (120 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to induce diabetes in rats. A dose regime of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of CSLM and CSRM was given orally to the respective groups (n = 6). Blank group consisted of normal animals maintained on saline. The diabetic untreated group served as negative control while the group that received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was positive control.Results: A significant (p &lt; 0.05) lowering of fasting blood glucose level FBG in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal rats was observed after daily administration of the extract for 7 days. Both extracts demonstrated decreased (p &lt; 0.05) BGL with significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved glucose tolerance and body weight at the end of 4th, 7th and 14th day in extract-treated diabetic rats when compared with negative control and normal untreated group, respectively. In normoglycemic rats, CSLM and CSRM showed dose-dependent decrease in BGL.Conclusion: These results suggest that both extracts possess significant blood glucose lowering activity in normal as well as in diabetic rats.Keywords: Cassia sophera, Hypoglycemic activity, Anti-diabetic activity, Alloxan, Weight loss

Вплив цитрату ванадію на гематологічні характеристики щурів із алоксаніндукованим діабетом

Вплив цитрату ванадію на гематологічні характеристики щурів із алоксаніндукованим діабетом

Influence of Moringa oleiferea Seed Meal and Yam Blend in Body Weight and Glucose Level of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus Male Albino Rats

Influence of Moringa oleiferea Seed Meal and Yam Blend in Body Weight and Glucose Level of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus Male Albino Rats

Modulations of Some Carbohydrate Metabolic Enzymes by Aqueous and Ethanol Buchholzia coriacea Seed Extract in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Characterised by abnormal increase in blood glucose level, Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with complications in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. In recent times, medicinal herbs have been implicated in traditional medical practice for the treatment of this ailment. Studies have shown that Buchholzia coriacea seed possesses some anti-hyperglycemic properties that may be useful in the management of diabetes. To this point, present study investigated the effect(s) of oral administration of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Buchholzia coriacea on some carbohydrate metabolism parameters in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) adult rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into two groups (normoglycemic and hyperglycemic). While group 1 (normoglycemic) had normal control, metformin, aqueous extract (250mg/kg) and ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) treated sub-groups respectively, Group 2 (hyperglycemic) contained the diabetic control, metformin, aqueous extract (250 mg/kg), and ethanol extracted (250mg/kg) treated sub-groups dosed daily by oral gavage for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, rats were euthanized via cervical dislocation; blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for statistical analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that dosing with extracts had insignificant effect(s) on body weight of rats. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were elevated before and after extracts administration. Metformin, aqueous and ethanol extracts significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) FBG levels. Also, compared with control, total carbohydrate, liver glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, MDH, SDH, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, G6PD and CcO activities were significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) in diabetic treated rats. Buccholzia Coriacea was therefore seen to pose hypoglycemic and glycolytic effects, regulating activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Apparently, there is a scientific merit in the use of the extract in the management of diabetes.

Hypoglycaemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Treculia africana Aqueous Leaves Extract in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This study investigated the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Treculia africana plant used in Nigeria as medicinal plant. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight. Twenty five (25) male albino rats were divided into five groups, five (5) rats per group; normal control, diabetic control and diabetic groups treated with aqueous leaves extract of 200,400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight respectively for 21 days orally. The effects of the extract on some biochemical parameters were evaluated; fasting blood glucose level was assayed using glucose oxidase method, total cholesterol and HDL –cholesterol were assayed using enzymatic method while LDL- cholesterol was determined by Friedewald equation. The results showed that, extract significantly (p&lt;0.05) decrease the elevated fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL- cholesterol when compared with the diabetic control rats. The extract also caused significant (p&lt;0.05) increased in HDL –cholesterol and body weight when compared with diabetic control rats. Aqueous leave extract of Treculia africana possess hypoglycemic effect and the most effective dose was 800 mg/Kg body weight in amelioration of hyperglycaemia and most all toxicity effects of alloxan on lipid profile.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA WATER EXTRACT AND CANAGLIFLOZIN (INVOKANA) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RAT

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder. There is a strong need for new drugs with little adverse effects. Canagliflozin is approved as SGLT2-inhibitor and Portulaca oleracea, herbaceous plant, have a considered efficacy and safety in glycemic control with little side effects. Objectives: Comparing the effects of Portulaca Oleracea water extract and Canagliflozin (Invokana) on alloxan-induced diabetes in adult male albino rat. Materials and Methods: Eighty albino rats were randomly categorized into 8 equal groups. Group I (normal control) and group II (diabetic control) were gavaged with normal saline. Three normal groups (groups III, IV, V) and three diabetic groups (groups VI, VII, VIII) were treated with Portulaca Oleracea extract (250 mg/kg body weight), Canagliflozin (10 mg/kg body weight) and both Portulaca Oleracea and Canagliflozin in the same doses respectively. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for analysis after 10 weeks of treatment. Results: More significant reduction occured in serum glucose level by canagliflozin. Elevated liver enzymes, blood urea nitrogen and lipid profile improved more by Portulaca. Portulaca has an antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Portulaca Oleracea extract is more potent anti-oxidant, tissue protective and regenerative agent for liver and kidney, but weaker hypoglycemic agent than canagliflozin.

Comparative Effect of Vernonia Amygdalina and Metformin in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Metformin is a biguanide and its mechanism of action is exhibited at extra pancreatic level. In clinical practice, it is the first line therapy recommended for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patient (ADA, 2014). Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is a common shrub consumed in Nigeria. This study was done to investigate the comparative effect of VA and metformin in alloxan induced hyperglycaemia in Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 200-250g were randomly allocated into five (5) groups with 5 rats per group. Group 1 was given normal saline alone without inducing hyperglycaemia to serve as normoglycaemic control, while group 2,3, 4 and 5 were given 6.5mg/100g body weight of alloxan monohydrate to induce hyperglycaemia according to the method of Osikwe et al.,2015, Onahinon et al.,2018. After inducing hyperglycaemia, group 2 were given normal saline, group 3, 10mg/100g body weight of VA, group 4, 20mg/100g body weight of metformin and group 5, 10mg/100g body weight of VA and 20mg/100g body weight of metformin for a duration of 2 weeks. Results showed that the fasting blood glucose of group 1 was 81±2.6 mg/dl. The fasting blood glucose of group 2 was 293±6.5 vs 332±17.5mg/dl, group 3 was 304±3.8 vs198±7.4mg/dl, group 4 was 306±7.2 vs 190±4.2mg/dl and group 5 was 310±7.4 vs 155±1.6mg/dl. There was significant difference in the basal fasting blood glucose and fasting blood glucose after group 2,3,4 and 5 were given alloxan (p&lt;0.01). There was significant difference between group 2 and group 3, group 2 and group 4, and group 2 and group 5 (p&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference between group 3 given VA and group 4 given metformin alone (p&gt;0.05) however, the percentage change in fasting blood glucose in group 3 and 4 after agents were administered were 34.9% and 37.9% respectively. There was a significant difference between group 5 and group 3, and group 5 and group 4 (p&lt;0.01). This result shows that the antihyperglycaemic effect of VA shows similar efficacy as that of metformin.