All-Russian Research Research Articles

Применение удобрений на клещевине (результаты исследований во ВНИИМК) (обзор)

The researches conducted in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops showed that castor plant yield increased by 0.08–0.20 t/hа after fertilizers application on leached chernozem. The more effective dose of a primary fertilizer under castor is N40P60, which applied in autumn separately under the plowing. Higher doses of the fertilizers are less effective. Application of potassium fertilizers jointly with nitrogen-phosphorus ones in both typical (K40–45) and increased (K80–120) doses did not caused the yield increase of castor plant. Under application of the different doses of the nitrogen-phosphorous or full mineral fertilizers, oil content in castor seeds did not change significantly comparing with unfertilized control, and oil yield was determined by seed yield and increased by 0.06–0.09 t/hа. The local application of N20P30 during castor plant sowing proved the same level of yield comparing with the dose N40P60 – 1.73–1.74 t/hа. The local application of fertilizers during sowing is the most effective when placing the fertilizers strips in a distance of 2 cm sideways of the seeds. Against the backfilling into the soil of 6.2–6.6 t/hа of winter wheat residues, the application of mineral fertilizers under castor plant caused the increase of seed yield by 0.21–0.29 t/hа, oil yield – by 0.11–0.14 t/hа. The dependence of castor plant yield on nitrate nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium contents the in leached chernozem in spring was revealed. It is determined the castor plant does not react positively on the addi-tional fertilizer application when contents of mobile forms of phosphates and exchangeable potassium in a soil layer of 0–20 cm are equal to 26–28 mg/100 g (in the hood by Chirikov F.V.) and 31–32 mg/100 g (in the hood by Maslova А.L.), respectively, and content of nitrate nitrogen in a soil layer of 0–60 cm is more 17–18 mg/kg (by Grandval-Lyazhu).

Biological and economic features of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya

Relevance. The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky fruit growing. In winter, frosts below -35 °C, thaws are not uncommon here, in spring during flowering – frosts, in summer – hot and dry weather. During the growing season, diseases are widespread – scab, moniliosis, pests – flower beetles, aphids, codling moths. All these factors negatively affect the yield and quality of fruits of apple varieties. To increase the production of apple fruits in the Republic of Tatarstan, new high-yielding varieties of apple trees, adaptive to abiotic and biotic stressors, with fruits of good taste, high content of nutrients and biologically active substances, and long shelf life, are needed.Methods. The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, yield, scab susceptibility of apple varieties, damage by aphids, fruit taste and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.Results. Average for 2019–2022 in the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 3 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.6 points, productivity – 12.9 kg, yield – 5, 2 t/ha, fruit taste – 4.3 points, profit per 1 ha of orchard – 7.4 thousand rubles, profitability level – 10.5%. In the standard apple variety Antonovka ordinary, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 2.6 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.9 points, productivity – 10.3 kg, yield – 4.1 t/ha, fruit taste – 3.9 points.

Урожайность и качество урожая сортов сои разных групп спелости при припосевном внесении минеральных удобрений в условиях центральной природно-климатической зоны Краснодарского края

Yield and quality of soybean seeds depend largely on the weather conditions during a growing season and mineral nutrition. Biological features of the cultivars influenced nutrients consumption by plants. The purpose of the research is to determine impact of presowing fertilizer application in doses N30P30 and N30P30S21 under seeds inoculation on yield and yield quality of the cultivars of the different maturity groups bred in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Vita, Slaviya, Irbis, and Vilana beta) in the central natural-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region. In 2020–2022, on leached chernozem in field two-factor experiment, the presowing application of mineral fertilizers promoted the yield increase of the middle maturing cultivar Slaviya 0.17–0.21 t/ha and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta by 0.12 t/hа. The fertilizers did not effect reliably the yield increase of the early maturing cultivar Vita and the early maturing highly protein cultivar Irbis. A share of impact of the presowing 41 fertilizers on seed yield was 1.8–14.1% depending on the year of the research and a share of the cultivar impact – 59.7–94.9%. The positive correlation between yield of the studied cultivars and precipitation amount during a period flowering – seed formation was revealed. The presowing application of fertilizers did not influenced significantly protein content and oil in soybean seeds. The protein content and oil in seeds depended on the cultivar and precipitation amount in a phase of seeds formation: under increasing of the precipitations oil raised and protein content lowered in the seeds of the very early maturing cultivar Vita, at the same conditions, on the contrary, protein content increased and oil decreased in the seeds of the early maturing cultivars Slaviya, Irbis, and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta.

Форпост КЛ – первый отечественный сорт ярового рапса, устойчивый к имидазолиноновым гербицидам

A spring rapeseed cultivar Forpost KL has been developed during the period of 2009–2019 by an individual selection method in F2 from ESI-No. 65/2009 × Luch hybrid combination. That was the first Russian spring rapeseed cultivar resistant to imidazolinone herbicides. In 2015–2019, in the competitive crop variety testing conducted in the All-Russian Research Rapeseed Institute, the cultivar Forpost KL exceeded the standard Rif on seed yield by 0.15 t/ha (by 7.6 %), on oil yield – by 0.07 t/ha, and its glucos-inolate content in seeds was lower by 2.6 µmol/g. Forpost KL has been included into the State Register of breeding achievements (Patent No. 12408) and approved for production in the North-West (2), Central (3), Volga-Vyatka (4), Central Black Earth (5), Middle Volga (7), Ural ( 9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions from 2022.

Влияние агротехнических приемов на структуру урожая и посевные свойства семян материнской формы подсолнечника ВК1-сур А

In 2022, the purpose of the research was to assess a level of a positive impact of different fertilizers applied during seed sowing and as foliar fertilization of plants on yield structure of a maternal form VK1-sur A. The research was conducted at a hybridization plot in field crop rotation in the experimental seed-growing farm “Urupskoe” – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The farm is located in the Novokubansky district, the Krasnodar region, the soil is typical chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. In 2023, the purpose was to study sowing qualities of produced in 2022 seeds of the maternal form in progeny. The experiment scheme included three variants: 1. Control without ferilizers; 2. Foliar fertilization by Biostim maslichny (1.0 l/hа) + Ultramag bor (0.5 l/hа) in sunflower phases of 6–8 true leaves and budding, and 3. Fertilizer application (diammophos NPKS 10 : 26 : 26 : 2 in a dose of N20P39K39S3) during sowing and as foliar fertilization by microfertilizers Biostim maslichny (1.0 l/hа) + Ultramag bor (0.5 l/hа) in sunflower phases of 6–8 true leaves and budding. The results showed the significant increase comparing to the control by the indicators of the yield structure was stated only in the third variant: diameter of a head – by 3.1 cm, seed amount per a head, totally – by 747, filled seeds – by 309 pcs, seed weight per a head – by 15.0 g, including filled ones – 13.8 g. The calibration of the produced seeds on three fractions allowed increasing their indicators of physical-mechanical and sowing qualities. The best laboratory germination and healthy seeds amount were noted in middle (96 and 83%) and small (98 and 92%) fractions. The highest indicators of the field seed germination and its increase comparing to the laboratory results were stated in the third variant of the experiment. The fertilizer application on the multiplication plot of the maternal form VK1-sur A had a positive effect on the yield structure and sowing qualities of sunflower seeds.

Изменение основных хозяйственно ценных признаков сорта подсолнечника СПК плюс в процессе улучшающего семеноводства

The research was conducted in 2020– 2022 in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. The purpose of the research was to establish regularities of the displaying of the main economically valuable traits in a confectionary variety SPK plus at the selection of promising families by results of their studying in a nursery of progeny estimation. As initial material, we used progenies of individual plants of seed growing elite of the variety SPK plus selected by seed weight per a head, oil content, and 1000 seed weight. During a vegetative period, phenological observatins and biometric measurements were done due to the method generally accepted (Pustovoit V.S., 1967). Oil content in seeds was determined on a NMR-analyzer AVM1006 due to the state standard R8.597-2010, 1000 seed weight – due to the state standard 12042- 80. To state a variability range of a trait we accounted 4 its average, minimal, and maximal meanings. Transforming of a population structure under impact of selection was established distributing the individual families into groups of a trait degree. Intensity of discard was revealed by a ratio of rejected families amount and total amount in the initial population. Increasing of families with enlarged 1000 seed weight was determined using an asymmetry coefficient. During the years of research, an average meaning of 1000 seed weight in a progenies of the selected plants was equal to 126.2 g, in a control – 119.5 g. a share of biotypes having 1000 seed weight more than 150 g of the promising families was 3.5%, and in a control – 1.6%. For three years of the research, the variety SPK plus was significantly improved by a trait of 1000 seed weight competing to the control – a progeny of breeder seeds. The estimation and selection of individual plants in a population caused accumulation of highly productive biotypes that led to the yield increase by 0.5 t/ha comparing to the control. A duration of a period seedlings – flowering, plant height, and oil content did not changed, keeping the level specific for this variety.

ВЛИЯНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ПРОИЗРАСТАНИЯ И НОРМЫ НАГРУЗКИ ПОБЕГАМИ НА РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ВИНОГРАДА СОРТА СИБИРЬКОВЫЙ

The paper presents research data on the colle-ration of vineyards’ yield and quality of grapes on the shoot load. The research was conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticul-ture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko, Novocherkassk, Rostov region. On grafted vineyards of Sibirkoviy variety, load norms were studied: 25; 30; 35; 40 shoots per bush. In different conditions (Pukhlyakov exper-imental field department and Novocherkassk experimental field department), the influence of growth place on development, fruiting and vigor of the grape plant was studied. The conducted studies revealed: the maximum yield was ob-tained in plantings with a load of 40 shoots per plant and amounted to 12.9 t/ha with the best grape conditions in the experiment: the mass concentration of sugars in berry juice was 19.6 g/100 cm3, and titrated acids 6.3 g/dm3. In Novocherkassk experimental field department, the yield was higher relative to Pukhlyakovsky experimental field department by 2.9 t/ha, but with lower conditions.

УГЛЕВОДОВОДЫ В СОСТАВЕ КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ВИНОГРАДА IN VITRO

The paper is devoted the study of carbohy-drates in the composition of nutrient media for creation a collection of vines in vitro. The re-search was carried out in 2018‒2022 on the col-lection of vine plants in vitro at the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemak-ing named after Ya.I. Potapenko. Carbohy-drates in cultural media play the role of the main nutrition for plants, and also affect the osmotic characteristics of the liquid, which can be used to regulate the intensity of physiologi-cal processes. Sucrose, fructose, sorbitol, and mannitol have been studied as sources of car-bohydrate nutrition. The concentrations of car-bohydrates contributing to long-term non-stop storage in the collection of the grapevine gene pool in vitro were determined.

Особенности процесса ферментации молочно-соевой смеси

The plant milk market is actively developing at the moment, as many consumers suffer from lactose and casein intolerance, while vegetarianism is being popularized. The use of soy milk is becoming popular in the technology of fermented dairy plant products, as it is a lactose-free analog of cow milk and source of native protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients. However, the fermentation of dairy and plant compositions is quite complex and has not been fully understood yet, and therefore the goal of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the fermentation of milk and soy mixtures with different compositions (cow milk: soy milk in the ratios of 55:45; 70:30; 85:15). The tests were conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing. To obtain milk and soy mixtures, a plant protein drink – soy milk – was prepared from soybeans of the Sentyabrinka variety selected by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean. The fermentation of milk and soy mixtures was performed using the acid-rennet method with bacterial starter cultures No. 1 (Lactobacillus lactis, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Streptococcus thermophilus) and No. 2 (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lac. lactis subsp. diacetilactis, Leuconostoc lactis and/or mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus thermophilus). The acid formation of fermented milk and soy clots was studied in time at intervals of 1 hour, and their active and titratable acidity levels were analyzed in the course of work. Fermentation completion was determined based on the organoleptic indicators of fermented clots and their acidity levels. The following was established as the result of the tests: composition of the milk-soy mixture – 70:30; technological fermentation process parameters and modes – 328–346 minutes at a temperature of 34 °C, with the production of a fermented milk and soy clot having the best organoleptic quality indicators – well-formed, with a stable texture, pleasant, sour-milk taste, light soy aftertaste and smell. The analytical dependences of the titratable and active acidity indicators on the duration of fermentation process were calculated based on an analysis of acid formation in experimental clot samples.

Agromeliorative treatment of drained soils

The paper shows efficiency of volumetric slotting, methods of basic treatment and their combined effect on the performance of field crops and agrophysical properties of drained soils. The experiments were carried out at the Gubino experimental agro-polygon of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ), located at the reclamation facility in the Tver region. The soils under experiment are cultivated soddy-podzolic, light loamy gleyic, formed on a thin binomial, drained by closed pottery drainage method. Volumetric slotting was carried out to a depth of 45–50 cm with filling the subarable part (30–50 cm) with crushed straw, plant residues mixed with a humus layer. The slotting was carried out with a specially designed tool. Slot width – 16 cm, slotting pitch – 140 cm. Efficiency of ridge plowing, volumetric slotting of the soil and their joint action has been determined. The yield of oats during ridge plowing increased by an average of 0.36 t/ha (12.0 %) over 5 years, in case of slotting – by 0.60 (20.0 %), in case of combined action – by 0.82 t/ha, or 27.0 %. The share of slotting in the total increase in yield on average over 5 years was 73.2 %, ridge plowing – 26.8 %. The positive effect of slotting on the yield of field crops during the experiment was observed for 6 years. The total increase in yield from volumetric soil slotting on oats for 5 years was 3.0 tons of grain per 1 ha, with combined action with ridge plowing – 4.1 tons of grain per 1 ha, or 36.7 % higher. The increase in the yield of oats, both with soil slotting and with ridge plowing, occurred due to an increase in the number of productive stems and the mass of grain in the panicle. With slotting, these indicators increased by 8.4 and 11.3 %, with ridge plowing – by 6.1 and 12.0 %. The results of the research can be used in the development of agro-reclamation tillage systems and in adaptive agricultural technologies for the cultivation of spring grain crops.

Productivity potential of maize hybrids developed at the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center for deep grain processing

Background. The technology of deep grain processing is based on the use of operations that ensure separation of raw materials into various components and sequential processing of these components into products of high consumer value. The annual volume of deep grain processing products is over 100 million tons. Starch, as the most valuable component of processed grain, is used in the food industry, pharmacy, and in significant amounts for technical purposes. Studying the potential of domestic maize hybrids to provide raw materials for deep grain processing enterprises is a relevant task.Materials and methods. The material for field and laboratory studies included 17 commercial maize hybrids developed at the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center. The content of starch, protein and oil in grain was measured with infrared spectroscopy on an Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer. Actual extraction of native starch was implemented using the “plant-on-the-table” method developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Starch Products, and breeding trials of maize hybrids were carried out in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in 2020/2021.Results. As a result of the research, 13 hybrids with a mass fraction of starch in the range of 70.0–73.2% DM were identified: KR210MV, KR270MV, KR377AMV, KR385MV, KR415MV, ROSS198MV, KR433MV, KR514MV, KR575MV, LYUDMILA, ROSS190MV, and ROSS195MV. Of these, the grain yield in the range of 10–14 t/ha was shown by the hybrids KR270MV, KR315MV, KR377AMV, KR415MV, KR514MV, and KR575MV. In accordance with the results obtained, a number of hybrids can be recommended as source material for breeding and promising raw material for deep grain processing: KR415MV, KR393MV, and ROSS198MV, yielding 90.0–94.4% DW of starch when processed, and KR315MV, with a mass fraction of amylose in starch up to 38.6% DW.

All-Russian research and practical conference with international participation «Problems of ensuring individual rights and freedoms in the process of proof in a criminal case, dedicated to the anniversary of Doctor of Laws, Professor Valentina Aleksandrovna Lazareva»

21–22 апреля 2023 г. в Самарском университете состоялась организованная кафедрой уголовного процесса и криминалистики юридического института Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция с международным участием «Проблемы обеспечения прав и свобод личности в процессе доказывания по уголовному делу», посвященная юбилею доктора юридических наук, профессора Валентины Александровны Лазаревой. Конференция имела успех в профессиональном сообществе России и зарубежных стран не случайно, в первую очередь благодаря масштабу личности юбиляра, ее выдающемуся вкладу в уголовно-процессуальную науку и активной педагогической деятельности.

Sociocular deviances of young people in the sphere of interpersonal interactions: self-regulation and modelling

In the semantic space of young people, the rethinking of attitudes towards interpersonal interactions is accompanied by the formation of patterns oriented towards separation, disintegration and self-assertion against the background of the interlocutor. From the point of view of the normative approach, these deviations should be considered as opposing the basic semantic foundations of the norms of social interactions between young people. Sociocultural deviations in social reality are represented in the form of semantic characteristics of the goals and principles of life activity, which are labelled by the representatives of the community as deviant because they do not correspond to the basic, collective interpretations of the normal, permissible and generally accepted in the culture of a particular community. In the article, the nature of sociocultural deviations of young people is considered in the context of their deviation from the original meanings that were laid down in the understanding of the patterns of social interactions within the dominant culture. Orientation to sociocultural deviations is presented as a consequence of strengthening the processes of instrumentalisation and rationalisation of young people in the sphere of interpersonal interactions. The results of the all-Russian research conducted by the Centre of Sociology of Youth of ISPR FCTAS RAS in 2021 are presented. The correlations between the sign of trust/distrust in the interlocutor and semantic deviations in the youth environment are analysed, which makes it possible to study the semantic orientation of self-regulation of youth deviations in the sphere of interpersonal interactions. The application of the method of structural and taxonomic modelling allowed us to study the type of self-regulation of sociocultural deviations of young people in their social reality. The algorithms used automatically selected the elements closest to each other by a sufficiently large number of characteristics and grouped these elements into natural semantic unities. The meanings corresponding to the elements are not distributed chaotically, but are arranged in a certain hierarchy, according to the values of the selected proximity measure. Thus, the semantic deviations were studied, which are concentrated in the core of the semantic unity and on its periphery.

Introduced resistant grape variety Frontenac Blanc

Th e paper presents a variety trial and technological evaluation of the wine material from Frontenac Blanc grape, isolated as a color mutation in Canada plantations of the Frontenac Gris variety in 2006. Th e study was carried out in 2020–2022 in compliance with vitiviniculture recognized methodology in soil and climatic conditions of Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientifi c Centre, Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Vineyards are open-earth, rainfed, graft ed, with Kober 5BB rootstock, 3.0×1.5 m planting scheme, shaping: double-shouldered low (40 cm) horizontal cordon, short pruning on knots. Agricultural technology is standard, generally recognized. Frontenac Blanc is found to obtain high winter hardiness, promising for open-earth cultivation. Th e variety has good resistance to infections: to mildew (2.0 score), oidium (2.5 score); grey rot has not been observed. Th erefore, frequent use of pesticides is not required and vineyard maintenance is simplifi ed. Th e high level of sugars (248 g/dm3) and t itratable acids (10.4 g/dm3) in t h e juice ensures a harmonious wine with well-balanced acidity. Due to such characteristics, the variety is considered to be promising for the production of diff erent wine styles, including dry still, semi-dry, as well as sparkling and liqueur wines. Th e wine material from Frontenac Blanc presents a distinguishing character, bright fruit aromas, rich structured fl avor, and lingering fi nish. Th e average tasting score of the wine material comprises 8.6 points (on a 1–10 scale). Th e variety has a high yield (16 tonnes/ha), which does not adversely aff ect the quality of products. Frontenac Blanc is resistant to cold and early ripening period (120 days) and can be eff ectively grown in regions with previously limited production due to extreme climatic conditions. Considering that, an innovative development of the wine industry in areas with cool and uncertain climate possesses a high potential.

Mineral and Raw-Material Potential of Strategic Critical Mineral Raw Material for Development of the High-Tech Industry of the Russian Federation

The present paper briefly characterizes the state system of a regional geological study of subsoil implemented by Rosnedra and the Karpinsky All-Russian Research Geological Institute (VSEGEI) and provides an assessment of the mineral and raw material potential of the Russian Federation for strategic types of minerals. In 2022, the VSEGEI completed compiling of a set of 1 : 2 500 000 digital monometal maps of patterns of distribution and prediction of strategic and critical types of minerals of the Russian Federation in GIS-format. The reserves of these types of minerals were estimated according to the data of the state accounting system and expert reassessment of forecast resources was performed. As a result, regional prognostic criteria for localization of areas promising for searching deposits were developed. Recommendations on setting GDP-200/2 and/or GMK-200 on specific nomenclature sheets that are promising for realization of prospecting stage exploration for strategic types of mineral raw materials are given.

Experimental Study of the Compressibility of a Helium Plasma at a Pressure up to 20 TPa

A nonideal helium plasma has been compressed to a density of ρ ≈ 14 g/cm3 at a pressure of \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P \\approx 20{\\kern 1pt} $$\\end{document} TPa (200 Mbar) in a spherical two-cascade device. The design of the device has been presented and the thermodynamic parameters of the helium plasma reached in it have been estimated. Data on the dynamics of the external and internal cascades in the device used to choose the calculation method have been obtained in a preliminary experiment with a hemispherical prototype. The experiment has been performed on the X-ray complex at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, which includes BIM 234.3000 betatrons with a boundary energy of 60 MeV used in the multipulse bremsstrahlung generation regime with a multichannel optoelectronic system of recording X-ray images. A high-current linear accelerator LIU-R-T and an image detector assembly consisting of photochromic ADC screens have been used in addition to betatrons to detect the compressed shell cavity.

The modified minimum deviation method for measuring the refractive index

We present a modified method for measuring the refractive index (RI) based on the minimum deviation technique, which allows us to determine the RI of transparent triangular prisms with unknown apex angles. In the proposed method, the angles of light deviation are measured on three faces of the prism, and RI of the material and prism angles are determined from the solution of a system of equations. A high precision dynamic goniometer was used to implement the proposed method. A set of reference prisms made of optical glass were experimentally studied and the measurement errors were estimated. It is shown that the modified method can be used for high-precision measurements of the RI in cases when the prism angles are unknown, or their measurement is associated with technical difficulties. The method of measuring RI proposed in the article was implemented using the State Primary Standard of the Refractive Index Unit GET 138–2021 of the All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements. This standard is intended for storing, reproducing, and transmitting the unit size of the RI of solid and liquid substances.

Assessment of suitability of abandoned lands for oats cultivation based on the forecast of the yield according to long-term monitoring data (the case of a specific farm)

The paper presents the results of predicting the yield of oats in the conditions of abandoned lands of the former pilot production farm (PPF) of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands, located in the center of the Tver region. There were used the data of long-term monitoring (1997-2020) of the yield of this crop in clean and cover crops (with under-sowing of grasses) on the agroecological transect of the Gubino agroecopolygon located within the PPF. With the help of statistical and mathematical modeling, regularities in the formation of oat yields within the transect were revealed. On the basis of these formulas, predicted oat yields were calculated for the entire territory of abandoned lands, and maps of its variability under the conditions of the protected area and measures for intensifying grain production were also created. It has been established that oats in pure crops react most strongly to the content of exchangeable potassium in soils, to water supply and humus content, while in cover crops the yield largely depends on mobile phosphorus in the soil and the degree of illumination and swampiness of the territory. More than 92 % of the PPF area is potentially capable of providing oat yield in clean crops from 2.7 to 3.1 centners/ha, and an increased oat yield (3.0-3.3 centners/ha) in cover crops can be obtained only on ≈ 44 % of the farm area. The main methods for increasing the yield of oats in pure crops are the application of potash and organic fertilizers, as well as the preservation of moisture in the soil, while expanding the area of cover crops involves the use of oat varieties that react poorly to excess phosphorus in the soil. Intensification of oat production in clean crops is possible on the area of 6026 ha, and in cover crops only 790 ha, since in the rest of the territory its productivity is limited by insufficient illumination and waterlogged soils.

RESISTANCE OF PROMISING POTATO VARIETIES TO THE MOST IMPORTANT BEETLE PESTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHWEST OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA AND THE SOUTH OF THE FAR EAST

The article provides the results of evaluation of 10 promising potato varieties for the group resistance to the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and to the Potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintiomaculata Motsch. The researches were performed by field methods with artificial colonization of plants of the studied varieties in 1st instar, in the quantity of 30–100 larvae for each potato variety, and were held: according to the Colorado beetle – on experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection (Saint-Petersburg – Pushkin); according to the potato ladybird – on experimental field of the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaikа (Primorsky Krai, Ussuriysk). Examples of potato varieties from the new assortment confirm the significant similarity (parallelism of developing) of the trophic reactions of both species, which have the same type of nutrition and many similar features of development biology. As the first result, it has shown that the Severnyi and Smak varieties have a group resistance to both phytophages with a survival of 10–20% of larvae before pupation. In other side, the Avgustin and Dalnevostochnyi varieties noted as a favourable for the development of these pests with a survival of 45–75% of larvae.

СОРТ ВИНОГРАДА ХОУП: ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

This article presents the results of a study of a new grapevine variety called Hope, developed within the Breeding Program of the University of Arkansas, USA. The research was conducted at experimental plots of the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «FRARC». The Hope grapevine variety possesses several positive characteristics: it belongs to the seedless category of the second class, has dense flesh, and exhibits a complex and rich flavor and taste profile. The average weight of a cluster is 320 grams, while the average weight of a berry is 4.2 grams. The Hope variety has high yield potential, reaching up to 124 quintals per hectare. It shows vigorous vine growth and good resistance to diseases. Additionally, it has a good winter hardiness. Standard methodologies and vineyard cultivation techniques were used in the study. The vineyards where the research was conducted were non-irrigated and grafted, using the Oppenheim SO4 rootstock, with bilateral cordon training and a planting scheme 3×1.5 meters. The results indicated that the Hope variety has an early ripening period (requiring 118 days from bud break to full berry maturity). It has promising for use in winemaking and does not require yield regulation measures. Overall, the Hope grape variety is of interest for commercial cultivation in industrial vineyards. Its economically valuable qualities and attributes make it appealing for consumption in fresh form, wine production, and the production of dried products. It can also be included in the breeding programs of scientific institutions for further development and improvement of grape varieties.