Влияние агротехнических приемов на структуру урожая и посевные свойства семян материнской формы подсолнечника ВК1-сур А

Abstract

In 2022, the purpose of the research was to assess a level of a positive impact of different fertilizers applied during seed sowing and as foliar fertilization of plants on yield structure of a maternal form VK1-sur A. The research was conducted at a hybridization plot in field crop rotation in the experimental seed-growing farm “Urupskoe” – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The farm is located in the Novokubansky district, the Krasnodar region, the soil is typical chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. In 2023, the purpose was to study sowing qualities of produced in 2022 seeds of the maternal form in progeny. The experiment scheme included three variants: 1. Control without ferilizers; 2. Foliar fertilization by Biostim maslichny (1.0 l/hа) + Ultramag bor (0.5 l/hа) in sunflower phases of 6–8 true leaves and budding, and 3. Fertilizer application (diammophos NPKS 10 : 26 : 26 : 2 in a dose of N20P39K39S3) during sowing and as foliar fertilization by microfertilizers Biostim maslichny (1.0 l/hа) + Ultramag bor (0.5 l/hа) in sunflower phases of 6–8 true leaves and budding. The results showed the significant increase comparing to the control by the indicators of the yield structure was stated only in the third variant: diameter of a head – by 3.1 cm, seed amount per a head, totally – by 747, filled seeds – by 309 pcs, seed weight per a head – by 15.0 g, including filled ones – 13.8 g. The calibration of the produced seeds on three fractions allowed increasing their indicators of physical-mechanical and sowing qualities. The best laboratory germination and healthy seeds amount were noted in middle (96 and 83%) and small (98 and 92%) fractions. The highest indicators of the field seed germination and its increase comparing to the laboratory results were stated in the third variant of the experiment. The fertilizer application on the multiplication plot of the maternal form VK1-sur A had a positive effect on the yield structure and sowing qualities of sunflower seeds.