Alcohol Sector Research Articles

Soil erodibility by simulated rainfall in Latosols

Determining a soil's resistance to disaggregation and particle transport is a complex factor that depends on the interaction of multiple attributes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the indirect and direct erodibility of Latosols in the suborders Red, Yellow and Red-Yellow in the state of Alagoas. The soils were identified through the modal profile of the Agroecological Zoning of the State of Alagoas and through surveys of own classification of companies in the sugar and alcohol sector that have identification of areas of occurrence. They were submitted to chemical and physical analysis, by direct methods (aggregate stability and erodibility determination) and indirect (simulated rain) through mathematical models. The soil erodibility factor in interfurrows presented values that varied from 6.01 x 10-6 Kg s-1 m-4 for Yellow Latosol, to 16.65 x 10-6 Kg s-1 m-4 for Red-Yellow Latosol. This variation was also significant within the suborders, with more homogeneous values observed in the Red Latosols suborder. Thus, it is concluded that for the soil erodibility factor for Latosols, it is recommended to use the simulated rainfall methodology, in field or laboratory conditions through the Water Erosion Prediction Project model.

Qualification of welded joints used in the sugar and alcohol sector of ASTM A335 P22 steel pipes welded by GTAW and SMAW processes

O objetivo deste trabalho é qualificar juntas soldadas pelos processos SMAW e GTAW em conjunto com técnicas conexas de tubos do aço ASTM A335 P22 empregados no setor sucroalcooleiro. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se um tubo de aço ASTM A335 P22 com diâmetro externo de 73 mm e espessura da parede de 9,53 mm. Foram fabricadas quatro juntas denominadas de juntas 1, 2, 3 e 4. As juntas 1 e 2 foram soldadas exclusivamente pelo processo SMAW (do passe de raiz aos passes de acabamento), enquanto as juntas 3 e 4 foram soldadas usando o processo GTAW no passe de raiz e o processo SMAW nos demais cordões de solda. A análise metalográfica revelou que as zonas termicamente afetadas de todas as juntas apresentaram uma microestrutura composta por ferrita e bainita revenida. A região do metal de solda das juntas 1, 2 e 3 foi constituída de ferrita e bainita revenida, enquanto a junta 4 apresentou agulhas de martensita revenida. Os testes de dureza Vickers demonstraram que apenas a junta 2 apresentou uma dureza média abaixo de 250 HV na ZTA e no MS. Os Resultados dos testes de tenacidade ao impacto Charpy realizados a -30 ºC revelaram um comportamento totalmente frágil de todas as juntas na região do metal de solda.

Entrepreneurial responses to Covid‐19: The use of digital brand marketing events in the craft alcohol sector

AbstractThe wide‐ranging implications following the Covid‐19 pandemic have necessitated research into innovative entrepreneurial responses. The research study incorporates the concept of branded marketing events (BMEs) and considers their effectiveness in craft alcohol digital marketing. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in Charlotte, North Carolina, and focused on the entrepreneurial responses of craft alcohol producers. Findings indicate that the inter‐relationships between the experiential components adapted to a digital environment enhance the engagement consumers experience with craft alcohol producers. The responses of craft alcohol producers to the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic provide valuable insights into strategies employed during times when traditional sales and marketing activities face exceptional challenges.

RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS DO SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: O DEBATE DE NUANCES DA ECONOMIA CIRCULAR Laryssa Kelly de Almeida Virginio

Objective: To analyze the experiences of the sugar and alcohol sector with the circular economy in northeastern Brazil.
 
 Theoretical Framework: Sugarcane is one of the important crops of Brazilian agribusiness, however, the journey of the product is long, and to keep it in use it is necessary to obtain technologies and a lot of knowledge regarding the planting, harvesting and treatment of the farming, as well as in relation to the processes that transform the raw material, management techniques and waste treatment. With systematized company management and the assertive application of the circular economy, it will be possible to establish a balance with the use of natural resources and as a tool in the conservation strategy.
 
 Method: The research is a case study, given that its core is to analyze the experiences of the sugar and alcohol sector with the circular economy in northeastern Brazil. Thus, through interviews and observations, an attempt was made to understand how the systems are configured and the possible contribution with practices to promote circularity and the preservation of natural resources.
 
 Results and Discussion: The circular set is made up of strategic applications relevant to the environment to be seen as an incentive for growth with solid and transparent bases, considering that the valorization of natural resources results in better health conditions for human beings. Highlighting benefits for the environment, for economic growth and for the population.
 
 Research Implications: Circular Economy analyzes were not found in this region, therefore a pioneering study.
 
 Originality/Value: This research is original and reports the experiences of the sugar and alcohol sector with the circular economy in northeastern Brazil.
 
 Keywords: Sugarcane. Circular Economy. Sugar and Alcohol Sector. Environment

THE CONSUMER OR THE TRADER – WHO DECIDES ON HOW A PRODUCT IS USED? An analysis of the application of excise duty exemptions under Directive 92/83/EEC to alcohol

Twenty-two years after adopting Directive 92/83/EEC, the European Commission initiated a review of the Directive because it did not correspond with the developments and the challenges, they pose for the alcohol sector. After six years of deliberation, amendments to Article 27.1. of the Directive entered into force this year, which, according to the study, will not address the critical problems with the Directive’s application. The research analyses the concept of ‘not for human use or consumption’, the interpretation of which had been identified by experts and the EC as problematic and detrimental not only to the interests of Member States but also to their residents and legal entities. In particular, the study found that official sources and national systems use definitions that are linguistically and substantively different, which does not ensure homogeneity in the application of the Directive, which is one of the EC’s priority objectives (harmonisation of the excise duty regime).The second part of the study asks whether the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) can resolve the problems of the article’s interpretation. The case law on classifying products for taxation purposes is inconsistent and fragmented, selectively applied, and the judgments are often diagonally opposed. In one case, the CJEU relied on the consumer behaviour argument. In contrast, in another case, the Court held that the trader alone decides on the use of the product and that consumer behaviour is entirely irrelevant. This case is unique because the court legalised fraudulent schemes in selling surrogate alcohol, which is contrary to the EU’s goals to prevent health risks.Given that neither the CJEU nor legislative review and amendment can effectively ensure that the issue of excise duty is harmonised, the study invites us to explore the possibilities of changing the methodology on how court decisions are made. In particular, whether the issue of excise duty exemptions could be addressed by applying economic science. The study explores the concept of ‘not for human use or consumption’ by using the methodologies of mainstream post-Keynesian economic theory and mainline Austrian economic theory. The study finds that an analysis of consumer behaviour would ensure an effective interpretation of Article 27.1. of the Directive.

1930‒1990 - THE INTERVENTION OF THE BRAZILIAN STATE IN THE SUGAR-ENERGY SECTOR: IAA-PLANALSUCAR, PROÁLCOOL AND THE PARTICIPATION OF GILBERTO MILLER AZZI. DID WORK?

In Brazil, sugarcane is the crop whose agro-industrial development has taken the longest path and has the greatest prominence in the national agro-industry, without precedent. With 500 years of history, Brazil is today the largest producer of sugarcane raw material and sugarcane ethanol in the world. In addition, has the world's largest program for the replacement of fossil fuel by ethanol in vehicles and shares with India the position of largest sugar producer; in addition, it has developed the largest active sugarcane genetic improvement program in the world. However, in contrast to these achievements throughout its history, it has also received criticism even from businesspersons of the sector itself, mainly regarding State intervention and its inefficiency. This is a paradox: “success and inefficiency?” The general objective of this work was to analyze exactly this contradiction since the great agro-industrial development occurred especially during the 60 years of State intervention (1930‒1990). We concluded that this intervention was a key element in the success of the agroindustry both during and after the intervention. Many personalities deserve mention in this process, in both the field of ideas and decisions and practical actions: politicians, public agents, businesspersons, sugar mill owners, agroindustry technicians, and independent producers. We selected a researcher, Dr. Gilberto Miller Azzi, as an example, due to the fact that, from 1955 onwards, as a researcher at the IAA, he represented the scientific and technological area of the Brazilian State, acting decisively for the achievements of the sector. In this regard, an analysis was made of the main factors that have leveraged the national sugar and alcohol sector from the 1930s to the present day.

The use of modelling to determine the limiting conditions for resuming soil loading by tractor in an area of sugar cane under reduced tillage

The marked growth of the sugar and alcohol sector has promoted an increase in the fleet of heavy agricultural vehicles to meet the demand for commodities; however, the intense traffic of machines in areas of insufficient soil moisture has resulted in compaction, compromising the productivity of the sugar cane. In order to determine the optimal conditions for resuming the use of tractors under a reduced tillage system, the bearing capacity was evaluated and stress distribution was modelled in a dystroferric Red Latosol cultivated with sugar cane. Soil sampling was carried out during the first ratoon crop at 120 days, using metallic cylinders installed at a depth of 0.05 m in the crop rows and 0.15 m between rows. The samples were submitted to the uniaxial compression test to determine the preconsolidation pressure of the soil. The reduced tillage gave the lowest bearing capacity at the soil surface (0.05 m), while the highest values ​​were found at a depth of 0.15 m. The bearing capacity proved to be an efficient indicator for analysing the structural degradation of the soil by demonstrating the compressibility of the various layers and sampling positions resulting from reduced tillage and the impact of agricultural machines in the field. The prediction model for traction and soil stress distribution that was employed was able to predict the optimal performance of the tractor, and provide stress data that would allow a study of the limiting water content for the traffic of agricultural tyre tractors.

Planning and executing a research project using the PMBOK guide

The concern with the sustainability of agricultural production has encouraged the search for alternative management of soil fertility, reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and increasing the use of organic materials. The use of filter cake as a fertilizer has expanded in the sugarcane fields. However, despite some studies confirming its technical viability, it is not verified the widespread used. The aim of this work was to plan and execute a research project to obtain an overview of the perception of researchers and rural producers about the use of filter cake in the fertilization of sugarcane culture, using the PMBOK guide. The planning and execution of the study project addressed two areas of knowledge in project management: scope and time. A questionnaire was made on the Google Forms platform for the main project stakeholders (rural producers, researchers and employees in the sugar and alcohol sector). The participants understand that the search for sustainability in the cultivation of sugarcane is not only a market trend, but also a strategy for their business and / or research, and that they are up-to-date on the trends in the sector in which they work and are in agreement with their aim of achieving a more sustainable production system. We concluded that the perception of stakeholders about the use of filter cake as a fertilizer in the cultivation of sugarcane is positive, however, actions are necessary to reconcile both the interests of users and those of the suppliers of filter cake.

The National Quality Framework: The Benchmark for the Alcohol and Other Drug Sector in Australia.

A National Quality Framework, developed by the Australian Government Department of Health, currently in a transitional phase, has been introduced to improve the quality of alcohol and other drug treatment services and provide a nationally consistent approach to treatment quality in the sector in Australia. This article examines how the National Quality Framework aims to achieve these goals. The article draws on the theory of quality frameworks to demonstrate how quality of treatment services may be improved under the National Quality Framework. The most difficult challenge for the National Quality Framework will be to deliver a nationally consistent approach to improving quality under the current structural arrangements for monitoring and enforcement of the framework.

Evaluation of indicators for vehicle penetration routes in the Brazilian transport sector

Climate change is upon us. The exponential use of fossil fuels for over two centuries is changing the world as we know it. An energy transition towards a greener world is needed and it may entail the decarbonization of several sectors, such as the passenger transport sector. This work aims to evaluate the role of four vehicle technologies, based on six vehicle penetration scenarios. This assessment is made using the comparison of three indicators for these scenarios, energy consumption, water consumption, and required infrastructural change. It was found that a pure battery-electric fleet would require the least amount of energy in 2050. There is also the issue with the loss of jobs in the sugar and alcohol sector, which can be reduced in this scenario of a battery electric vehicle fleet. The opportunities to maintain ethanol production as an energy vector in the transport sector are apparent.

Are UK alcohol industry political donations intended to influence public health policies? – Analysis of publicly available data on donations and lobbying

Transnational alcohol corporations seek to influence public health policies in ways reminiscent of the tobacco industry. Relatively little is known, however, about the extent of such activities in the alcohol sector, particularly their use of political donations. This study analyses data from the UK Electoral Commission on donations and from Transparency International UK on UK Government Ministerial meetings. Further research is needed to establish whether donations contribute to the disproportionate exposure of Ministers to alcohol industry lobbying. However, our combination of data on UK alcohol industry donations with data on lobbying provides important new evidence. Most larger company donors are active in lobbying and a significant minority of companies meeting Ministers are donors.

Overdoselifesavers.org: a mixed-method evaluation of a public information website on experiences of overdose and using take-home naloxone to save lives

Aims Overdoselifesavers.org was created as part of a larger Australian research project investigating impediments to take-home naloxone uptake. The aim of the project was to create a resource to enhance public and professional understandings of take-home naloxone and to counter stigmatising misconceptions about overdose. This article presents the findings of a mixed-method evaluation of Overdoselifesavers.org that assesses its success in achieving these goals. Methods Following an established approach, three data sources were analysed: (1) the reach of the website (website analytics); (2) website audience response (evaluation survey); and (3) other indicators of use and impact (including social media referrals and organisational links). Findings In the 10-week evaluation period, Overdoselifesavers.org had 1769 unique visitors. Responses to the survey praised the website as a means of challenging stereotypes and supporting take-home naloxone uptake. Twenty-two organisations had linked to the website and 324 social media referrals were recorded. Conclusions These data indicate that Overdoselifesavers.org has begun connecting with audiences and enhancing knowledge about and support for take-home naloxone. Continually building engagement and use of the website outside the alcohol and other drug sector warrants ongoing attention. Further research on developing suitable evaluation methods for novel initiatives such as research-based public websites is needed.

Interventions Of The Public Labor Prosecutor's Office In The Sugar- Alcohol Sector Of The State Of São Paulo: A Qualitative Perspective Of The Involved Actors

Interventions Of The Public Labor Prosecutor's Office In The Sugar- Alcohol Sector Of The State Of São Paulo: A Qualitative Perspective Of The Involved Actors

Variação terminológica denominativa no universo da cana-de-açúcar: um estudo de fatores condicionantes

Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares de um estudo sobre a variação terminológica no universo da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. O estudo toma como pressuposto teórico-metodológico, sobretudo, a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1999, 2003) e o modelo teórico da variação terminológica de Freixa (2002, 2013), que apresenta seis causas para a variação terminológica. A partir desses pressupostos, o estudo utiliza-se de um corpus com características diversificadas: textos orais produzidos por especialistas com alto grau de especialização, atuando em diferentes contextos comunicativos, como entrevistas televisionadas, palestras e aulas; textos escritos de diferentes gêneros, também elaborados por especialistas, como artigos científicos, apostilas de curso de Agronomia, relatórios técnicos, sites do setor sucroalcooleiro, teses e dissertações. A pesquisa cruza diferentes fatores de variação e tenta apresentar os mais relevantes para a variação terminológica denominativa

Configuração do elo de fornecimento da cadeia de suprimentos sucroalcooleira na região da Mata Norte de Pernambuco

A cadeia sucroalcooleira tem significativa importância na região nordeste e vem passando por um processo de reestruturação nos últimos anos. O elo de fornecimento se mostra como aquele que tende a apresentar maiores desafios. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como se configura o fornecimento de cana de açúcar na região da Mata Norte de Pernambuco. A base metodológica foi à pesquisa qualitativa e os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram observação e entrevista. Os principais resultados relacionam as condições do setor sucroalcooleiro na Mata Norte; a percepção dos fornecedores sobre o governo e associações sindicais e o desempenho da cooperativa na gestão de uma usina; e as visões do pequeno e grande produtor. Foi evidenciado que o elo de fornecimento de cana-de-açúcar passa por grandes dificuldades, pois os pequenos produtores têm dificuldades em manter a produção que gera custos altos que eles não conseguem subsidiar. Além disso, o poder exercido pelas usinas pode afetar o setor, visto que os fornecedores, por falta de opções, precisam se moldar a cadeia, contudo, as próprias usinas vêm tendo dificuldades em si manter em funcionamento.

Análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos e de composição centesimal da farinha do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)

A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) é um produto cultivado em diferentes regiões do Brasil e apresenta grande importância para a economia do país, sendo utilizada na produção de açúcar e álcool. Como resultado final da produção do setor sucroalcooleiro, o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar vem sendo estudado como alternativa de aplicação em diferentes áreas, dentre essas, em ciência dos alimentos. Com isso, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros físico-químicos e de composição centesimal da farinha do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar. As amostras foram submetidas à secagem em estufa de circulação de ar em temperaturas distintas (50ºC, 55ºC e 60ºC). Com as farinhas obtidas pela secagem do bagaço, foram determinados os parâmetros físico-químicos e de composição centesimal (AOAC, 2005). A farinha desidratada na temperatura de 55ºC demonstrou melhor estabilidade quanto a perda de massa durante a secagem. As farinhas apresentaram maior rendimento na granulometria da base (<0,425mm), independente das temperaturas de secagem. Nos parâmetros de composição centesimal, as farinhas apresentaram umidade (3,96% a 5,35%), proteínas (0,93% a 1,55%), lipídeos (0,16% a 0,65%), carboidratos (92,30% a 93,61%) e valor energético (376,86% a 384,08%). No processo de desidratação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, independente da temperatura, o tempo de secagem influenciou na perda de massa, estabilizando após 75 minutos de secagem. Todas as farinhas apresentam características físico-químicas que permitem uma boa estabilidade ao armazenamento, principalmente, devido à baixa atividade de água.

POLUIÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA ASSOCIADA AO MATERIAL PARTICULADO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: ANÁLISE BASEADA EM DADOS DE SATÉLITE

A poluição atmosférica gerada pelas atividades antrópicas afeta tanto o equilíbrio climático quanto a qualidade do ar. O Material Particulado (MP) é reconhecidamente o poluente atmosférico com maior impacto na saúde humana. No estado de São Paulo, as principais fontes de MP são as emissões veiculares, nas áreas urbanas, e a queima de biomassa, nas áreas rurais. Com o objetivo de mitigar a poluição nas áreas rurais, em 2007 foi assinado o protocolo agroambiental entre o estado de São Paulo e o setor sucroalcooleiro, o qualtrata da redução e da eliminação gradual do uso da queima como prática de colheita de cana até 2017. A análise da tendência nos níveis dos poluentes atmosféricos no estado é fundamental para a avaliação dos resultados do protocolo. Entretanto, apesar de apresentar a maior rede de monitoramentode qualidade do ar no Brasil, São Paulo não tem monitoramento da poluição atmosférica na maioria dos seus municípios. Nesse contexto, visando avaliar o impacto do protocolo agroambiental, o presente estudo analisou a distribuição espacial e temporal da profundidade óptica do aerossol (AOD) no estado entreos anos de 2007 (quando o protocolo foi assinado) e 2017. AOD é um indicador óptico da abundância do MP na atmosfera, derivado das medidas de radiância espectral do sensor MODIS a bordo do satélite Terra. Os resultados revelaram que, quando a influência do transporte de fumaça das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil é removida, os dados de satélite identificam adequadamente as regiões mais poluídas no estado: as áreas metropolitanas de São Paulo, de Campinas e da Baixada Santista e as porções central e norte, que são dominadas pelas plantações de cana-de-açúcar. Em relação à tendência depoluição, nas áreas a oeste e noroeste do estado, onde ocorreu expansão do cultivo de cana nos últimos anos, apesar das limitações impostas para queima pelo protocolo agroambiental, observou-se tendência significativa de aumento da poluição. Já nas áreas de tradicional cultivo de cana, nas porçõescentro e norte do estado, embora se tenha percebido tendência de redução da poluição associada ao MP, ela não foi significativa.

Predictors of turnover intention in the non-government alcohol and other drug sector

Background Effective delivery of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment is reliant on a skilled, experienced, and satisfied workforce. The need to recruit and train workers is universally acknowledged. It is equally important to retain staff, given global shortages of health and human services workers. As few studies have investigated predictors of turnover in the AOD sector, this study examined a range of potential work-related predictors. Methods An online survey of 294 non-government AOD workers addressed demographics, health, wellbeing, organizational characteristics, and working conditions. Bivariate analyses were performed, followed by a hierarchical linear regression. Results The bivariate analysis found significantly higher turnover intention among workers who were younger, believed they were inadequately paid, on fixed-term contracts, had poor work-life balance, were dissatisfied with the non-government AOD sector, and had high workloads. In the subsequent linear regression significant predictors of turnover intention were dissatisfaction with the sector, high workloads, and tenuous employment status. Discussion These findings can inform retention strategies including greater provision of permanent contracts and more manageable workloads. Reported sector dissatisfaction warrants further examination. Prioritizing retention as a core workforce development strategy may help retain trained and experienced workers, maximize return on investment and enhance provision of quality care.

Análise emergética uma proposta para o setor sucroalcooleiro do Estado de Alagoas – Brasil

RESUMO: A cana-de-açúcar destaca-se como um dos principais produtos agrícolas no Brasil e de grande importância sócio, econômico e ambiental. No Estado de Alagoas ela tem um papel marcante no desenvolvimento social e econômico do Estado e que é marcado por um processo histórico de utilização da terra, dos recursos hídricos, de insumos agrícolas e mecanização. Uma análise da produção de cana-de-açúcar e seus produtos no Estado de Alagoas, que leve em consideração os serviços ecossistêmicos dos solos dos tabuleiros costeiros deve considerar a metodologia emergética. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso dos serviços ecossistêmicos dos solos nos tabuleiros costeiros no Estado de Alagoas, através da análise emergética de uma agroindústria do setor sucroalcooleiro. O estudo será realizado junto a unidade sucroalcooleira energética no Município de Rio Largo-AL, localizado na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, o levantamento dos dados agrícolas e industriais serão obtidos junto a unidade sucroalcooleira energética. Os fluxos de entrada e saída de energia, materiais e capital da unidade sucroalcooleira energética serão identificados e quantificados. Em seguida serão utilizadas tabelas de transformidades para os cálculos emergéticos, construídos os respectivos diagramas e avaliada a capacidade de suporte de cada etapa dos processos da usina e por fim, os dados serão interpretados sobre a ótica da sustentabilidade. No município de Rio Largo-AL foi selecionado uma sucroalcooleira energética pertencente ao grupo Santa Clotilde, fundada em 1967, e que se encontra em atividade e com produção de açúcar, álcool e energia e que são expressivos para a região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros. As atividades do projeto encontram-se na fase de levantamento de dados das atividades agrícolas e industrial da unidade. O presente trabalho contribui com um melhor entendimento dos processos ecológico e econômico do setor sucroalcooleiro energético no Nordeste do Brasil. Dessa forma, o estudo possibilitará agregar informações que possam ser utilizadas na comparação entre outras unidades sucroalcooleiro energético da região.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Cana-de-açúcar, Transformidade, Sustentabilidade

The Impact of Excise Tax Increases on Ethyl Alcohol Sales in Lithuania

This article provides empirical evidence that the demand for ethyl alcohol in Lithuania is price elastic and the root cause of this elasticity is the competition between Lithuanian and Polish sellers. The basis for the emergence of competition lies in the price differences between the countries, which arise as a direct consequence of the Lithuanian government’s policy in the alcohol sector, which is directed towards reckless increases in excise duties. The increase in Lithuanian excise duties leads to a wider price gap between countries and in the first months after the increase results increases in prices. In subsequent months, Lithuanian importers and manufacturers tend to revise the assortment and costs, replacing more expensive goods with cheaper ones or slightly alter the markups. These changes are the main reason why demand in the domestic market gradually recovers. The price elasticity of demand predetermines the gradual recovery of the ethyl alcohol market, but each increase in excise duty reduces the manufacturers’ markups and (or) leads to the changes in product range, where higher-costs products are displaced by lower-cost products.