Al-Yarmouk Hospital Research Articles

White blood cell Indices to predict first trimester missed miscarriage.

To identify the relationship between white blood cell indices in missed miscarriage compared to ongoing pregnancy in the first trimester. The diagnostic accuracy study was conducted at the Department of Maternity, Al-Yarmouk Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January to October 2021,and comprised healthy first-trimester pregnant women in group A and those with missed miscarriage after 7-13 weeks of gestation in group B. Ultrasound findings and the last menstrual period were noted for all the subjects. Total and differential leukocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Of the 167 women, 81(48.5%) were in group A and 86(51.5%) were in group B. Demographic and obstetrics data was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Mean white blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts showed no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05), while lymphocyte count, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). With respect to gestational age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio had a fair ability to predict missed miscarriage at various time points within the first trimester (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between WBC count and gestational age. Reduced MLR and NLR levels can be utilised to forecast miscarriages in a cost-effective manner.

دراسة دور الهيم اوكسجينيز-1 في المرضى الذين يعانون من السمنة

الهيم اوكسجينيز-1 هو عبارة إنزيم محفز يعمل على تكسر جزيئات الهيم إلى بيليفيردين، وحديدالحر، وبيليروبين، وأول أكسيد الكربون. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مستويات ودور (HO-1) في مرضى السمنة ضد الإجهاد التأكسدي وعلاقته بالسمنة. تضمنت الدراسة 139 عينة تضم (84بدناء و55 اشخاص غير بدناء). تم تقسيم كلا مجاميع الدراسة قسمت إلى أربع مجاميع بالاعتماد على مؤشر كتلة الجسم. تم جمع عينات الدم اشخاص بدناء ومجاميع صحية (رجال ونساء) في مستشفى اليرموك والمركز الصحي لأبحاث السكري في الفترة بين ديسمبر2022/ الى يونيو/2023. تم قياس بعض المتغيرات الكيميائية الحيوية لجميع مجموعات الدراسة، والتي تشمل: - تحديد مستويات HO-1 في المصل باستخدام تقنية ELISAو ملف الدهون والسكر الصائم FSG بالطريقة الانزيمية. حيث وجد أن مستويات مؤشر كتلة الجسم تزداد بشكل ملحوظ في مجموعة السمنة من النوع الثاني ومجموعة السمنة من النوع الأول ومجموعة الوزن الزائد مقارنة بمجاميع وزن الطبيعي. كما أظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية (p≤ 0.05) في محيط الخصر الى الورك (WHR) في مجاميع السمنة من النوع الثاني والسمنة من النوع الأول ومجموعة الوزن الزائد مقارنة بمجوعة الوزن الطبيعي. كذلك أظهرت النتائج أن مستويات HO-1 عالية في مرضى السمنة من النوع الاول ومجموعة السمنة من النوع الثاني مقارنةً مع مجاميع الوزن الطبيعي الوزن الزائد. اظهر التحليل الاحصائي أن مستوى HO-1 ترتبط سلبيا مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم في مجموعة الوزن الطبيعي G1))، بينما إيجابية مع مجاميع السمنة من النوع الثاني والسمنة من النوع الأول والوزن الزائد. نستنتج من هذه الدراسة أن خط دفاع الجسم الأول ضد هجوم الإجهاد التأكسدي هو HO-1. هذا الإنزيم الواقي للخلايا يقلل من الإجهاد التأكسدي وهو حيوي للتحكم في تكون الدهون، وهو أمر حاسم لتطور أمراض التمثيل الغذائي ومضاعفاتها.

The association between body mass index, diagnostic markers and disease activity score with progression of rheumatoid arthritis in a sample of Iraqi patients

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread, chronic, systemically inflammatory disease which, if improperly treated, can cause deformed joints and functional disability. For best disease management, greater chances of recovery, and the avoidance of irreversible clinical and radiographic damage, RA must be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate body mass index utilizing DAS and levels of diagnostic tests in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Materials and methods: 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (60 newly diagnosed untreated patients and 60 others under treatment) were collected from Al-Yarmouk Hospital in Baghdad and 60 control individuals. Body mass index (BMI) was measured by equation and diagnostic tests, then vitamin D3 with the COPAS 111 device. Results: The prevalence of the disease in females was 91%, while males were 9%. Diagnostic tests recorded clear significance (p &lt; 0.05) differences between patients and healthy persons, and it increased with the severity of the disease. Additionally, patients' levels of vitamin D3 reduced significantly when compared to controls, and there was a significant disparity between patients and healthy participants' sugar levels, and the BMI correlated with disease activity.Conclusions: The current study concluded that there is a relationship between weight gain and disease severity, that diagnostic tests increased in patients, and that vitamin D3 can be used as a diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis. Keywords: Body mass index (BMI),disease activity score DAS-28, diagnostic marker.

An Assessment of Glutathione-S-Transferase and Lipid Profile in Obese Iraqi Patients

An Assessment of Glutathione-S-Transferase and Lipid Profile in Obese Iraqi Patients

An Assessment of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Glutathione-S-transferase in Obese Iraqi Patients

This study aimed to detect the relation of Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in obese patients, against oxidative stress. The study included 139 samples of people with age range of 35-65 years divided in two groups according gender (female and male) groups while four gropes according body mass index (BMI). Blood samples were collected from AL-Yarmouk Hospital at the period between September/2022 to January/2023. Some biochemical parameters were measured for all study groups, which include: -determination of serum HO-1 levels by using the ELISA-technique, lipid profile, GST activity, and fasting serum glucose (FSG) assessed manual. The BMI, waist hip ratio(WHR) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were found to be significant [(38.83±0.44b) (32.03±0.26a) (26.40±0.22d) (23.10±0.28c)],,[(1.01±0.03b) (0.92±0.02ab) (0.93±0.01ab) (0.88±0.01a)] ,[(80,42±7.47a) (99.74±6.63ab) (112.93±10.12b) (83.94±8.95ab)] respectively and not significant with other parameters of lipid profile, FSG, and Atherogenic index. Also, it appeared that the HO-1 levels were higher in obese groups compared with healthy groups [(2.06 ± 0.09b)(1.95 ± 0.04ab) (1.88 ± 0.04ab)(1.75 ± 0.05a)] ng/ml respectively . It was shown that the increasing of GST level in healthy compared with obese groups [(6.10± 0.57c)(4.120 ± 0.69b)(2.44 ± 0.21a)(2.71± 0.30ab)]IU/L respectively .The result showed that the increase in BMI,WHR and HO-1 in obese female and BMI,TG,HO-1 and VLDL in obese male ,compared with female and male healthy groups ,while the results showed an increase in GST levels in healthy female and male groups .We conclude from this study that high levels of heme oxygen-1 synchronized with low of glutathione-S- transferase , clearly indicating their primary role in detoxification, protection of the against oxidative stress, and prevention of the development of metabolic diseases.

Study Gene Expression of blaOXA-48 andblaVIM-1Genes CarbapenemsResistance in Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Baghdad hospital's

Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as one of the eight most essential causes of urinary tract infection (UTI), with increasing resistance to antibiotics, especially carbapenems. About one hundred-eight urine samples were collected from inpatients and outpatients who attended. They were collected at three Baghdad hospitals: two from Karkh (AL-Yarmouk Hospital and Al-karamu Hospital) and one from Rusafa (AL-Baghdad Educational Hospital). A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was done using the Microtiter plate method and demonstrated different resistance levels against meropenem antibiotics. Gene expression of blaOXA-48 and blaVIM-1 genes was performed when treated with meropenem antibiotic using the Real-time PCR technique. The study showed that the highest value of gene expression in the blaOXA-48 gene was recorded for the resistant group was (1.8705), and the lowest value of gene expression in the OXA-48 gene before treated with the meropenem group was (1.0312). The gene expression value in the non-treated group was (0.97) control. In contrast, A slight increase in gene expression value for the blaVIM-1 gene was recorded for the meropenem-treated group (1.8705), and the sensitive group had a gene expression value of (1.00). The lowest value was in the gene expression of the meropenem-treated group (1.0312), as well as an increase in the value of the expression. The genotype of the blaVIM-1gene for the meropenem-treated group (1.828) is based on the 2-ΔCt method for both genes. When using the 2-ΔΔCt method, gene expression differed slightly in both genes. When relying on the 2- ΔΔCt method, both genes' gene expression was slightly different. It was concluded that the coexistence of blaVIM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes in four strains of K. pneumoniae indicated widespread VIM-1 and OXA-48 in Baghdad, Iraq. Keywords: Klebsiella Pneumonia, blaOXA-48,and blaVIM-1, UTI infection

Effect of small-interfering RNA (As1974) and HFq-binding proteins on resistance gene and host microRNA (miR-30C) expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients from Iraq

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs encoded by the genome that regulate the production of cellular mRNAs that include either incomplete or complete miRNA-binding sites. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sRNA (As1974) and HFq-binding proteins on the expression of resistance gene and host miRNA (miR-30C) in Iraqi urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Patients with UTIs from Baghdad, Iraq’s Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Hariri Hospital, Central Laboratories in Medical City, and Al-Yarmouk Hospital were recruited during June 2022 and October 2022 to provide 200 clinical samples. Results: Out of 200 patients with UTIs, only 56 (38.14%) were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa from positive urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for HFQ gene expression, and the results showed that HFQ is overexpressed in P. aeruginosa-resistant samples compared to sensitive clinical samples, as measured by fold change after normalization with housekeeping gene 16sRNA by folding (21.4971.241 vs. 1.92142 0.04598). Furthermore, normalization of As1974 gene expression in urine samples using 16sRNA revealed a downregulation of As1974 in resistance, with a fold change of 0.66220.0465 versus 2.0121.0243. The miR-30 gene was shown to be downregulated in urine and blood samples (1.360.34, 0.478210.03678) as compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: All ages were susceptible to the UTIs, also females suffered from UTIs more than males. A significant over expression of HFQ-binding protein in P. aeruginosa compared to sensitive clinical samples. Downregulation of As1974 in resistance.

The Value of Serum Calponin 1 in Maternal Blood as Marker for Prediction of Short Preterm Labour with Intact Membrane

Background: Preterm birth is a worldwide epidemic with a global incidence of (5%- 15%). It is important risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality.Calponin 1 is a basic smooth muscle protein that had biological process as actinomycin structure organization and regulation of contractile function. The uterus containing the largest volume of smooth muscle, myometrial destruction occurs when uterine contractions start leading to increased maternal serum calponin 1 levels.Aim of study: To investigate the level of serum calponin 1 in maternal blood as marker for prediction of short onset preterm labor with intact membrane within one week.Methods: A prospective observational study that collected in obstetrical department of the al-yarmouk hospital in cooperation with the laboratory department of hospital through the period from Feb till Dec 2019. It included 88 pregnant women between 28 – 36+6 gestational weeks admitted to the hospital diagnosed as threatened preterm labor. Follow up done with each participant admitted in hospital until the time of delivery to determine the gestational age at delivery and record the birth interval from blood sampling till delivery, Serum Calponin 1 level positive and negative predictive values were compared for the prediction of short onset preterm birth within seven days or moreResults: In this study, 73.9% of the study patients were delivered within one week after presentation. Mean of calponin 1 was significantly higher in study groups who delivered within one week than those who delivered after one week. Serum calponin 1 &gt; 0.6 ng/ml is predictive for short onset preterm birthConclusion: Serum calponin 1 may play an important role at pregnancy as non-invasive predictor for short onset preterm labour in cases diagnosed as threatened preterm labourRecommendation Further larger prospective studies are needed larger sample size and longer duration to: confirm the standard diagnostic level of calponin 1 to diagnosis short onset preterm labour, perform antenatal checkup and testing by other modalities, take in consideration researches on the genetics or environmental factors (smoking) and their role in the development of preterm labour

Influence pH on virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analyzed by RT-PCR method

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of environmental pH on production of biofilms and virulence genes expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Design/methodology/approachAmong 303 clinical and environmental samples 109 (61 + 48) isolates were identified as clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Clinical samples were obtained from patients in the Al-Yarmouk hospital in Baghdad city, Iraq. Waste water from Al-Yarmouk hospital was used from site before treatment unit to collect environmental samples. The ability of producing biofilm at various pH levels was examined by microtiter plate and the prevalence of Alg D, Psl A and Pel A was determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).FindingsThis study showed that the ability of clinical and environmental isolates to biofilm development was observed in 86.9% and 85.42% of clinical and environmental isolates, respectively. As well as, the environmental P. aeruginosa isolates showed the highest biofilm production at pH 7. Clinical isolates showed the highest genes expression of Alg D, Psl A and Pel A as compared to environmental isolates with pH change. In general, both clinical and environmental isolates formed biofilm and carried AlgD, PslA and PelA genes. Also, alkaline pH was favored for biofilm production.Originality/valueThere are very few studies done to find out the influence of environmental pH on production of biofilms and virulence genes expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study is unique as it has highlighted the influence of environmental pH on the ability of clinical and environmental isolates to biofilm development and genes expression.

Impact of antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms on adverse birth outcomes in Baghdad, Iraq: a prospective cohort study

Background: Psychiatric symptoms are common during pregnancy, potentially leading to an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Studies assessing the impact of depression and/or anxiety on adverse birth outcomes in Iraq are currently lacking. This study aims to&#x0D; &#x0D; determine whether depression and/or anxiety is independently associated with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW).&#x0D; Methods: A prospective cohort study included 352 pregnant women from outpatient clinics of Al-Yarmouk hospital and private clinics in Baghdad, Iraq from March 2021 to February 2022 using a convenience sampling. They were screened for depression using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during pregnancy and followed up to assess adverse birth outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors associated with adverse birth outcomes.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of PTB and LBW was 7.7% and 11.6%, respectively. After adjustment of all potential sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric confounders, depression was independently associated with giving birth to LBW neonate (odd ratio (OR):3.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70, 7.79), but not PTB. Prevalence of LBW in depressed was 21.2% compared to 7.7% for non-depressed. LBW was also associated with a history of LBW and PTB. In contrast, anxiety did not seem to affect birth outcomes.&#x0D; Conclusion: Depression during pregnancy, regardless of the trimester, is independently associated with a higher likelihood of giving birth to LBW neonates (OR: 3.64; 95% CI 1.70, 7.79). Effective interventions that target maternal depression are vital to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with LBW.

Study of the association of toll like-4 receptor gene polymorphism (rs1927911) and susceptibility to urinary tract infection among Iraqi patients

Introduction and Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are cell innate immune receptors that explore microbial molecules. A quantity of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes have been related with altered susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and allergic diseases suggesting: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism in TLR4 gene (rs1927911) with susceptibility to UTIs in a sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 220 patients who had UTIs and 69 healthy subjects as control group, during the period from October 2021 to March 2022, at the Rheumatology Department of Clinic Consultant at Al-Yarmouk Hospital. The genetic study included an extraction of genomic DNA and PCR technique, to detect the role of TLR4 gene in the variation site (rs1927911) as a risk factor for the incidence of UTIs. Results: The results of genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs1927911 indicated, CC (18.6 %), CT (70 %) and TT (11.4 %) among the patients while 57.9 % for CC and 26.1%; 16% for CT, TT genotypes respectively of healthy control. Heterozygous (CT) may be considered as a risk factor among UTIs patients. The results revealed significant differences between UTIs patients and healthy controls in serum levels TLR4, IL-6 IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-10 at P 0.005. In addition, the data found a highly significant difference of serum level of TLR4 protein with patients who have a carrier CT genotype. Conclusion: our findings indicated that the carriers of CT genotype of TLR4 (rs1927911) were significantly more prone to UTIs.

Isolation of ferric Yersinia bactin A (fyuA) as virulence gene and biofilm forming in Escherichia coli was Collected from patient with UTI.

The focus of the current investigation was applied on determining the presence of ferric yersiniabactin uptake A (fyuA) virulence gene and identifying the antibiotic resistance properties in biofilm forming Escherichia coli­­ isolated from recurrent urinary tract infection patients and healthy individuals. In the Microbiology laboratory at Al Yarmouk hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, 20 (16 females and 4 males) UTI-diagnosed patient urine and stool samples, as well as 20 (10 females and 10 males) healthy individual stool samples, were collected. The samples were exposure to series test including O and H antigen based identification using an antibody (polyvalent and monovalent)-directed agglutination test, antibiotic sensitivity testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, Congo-red agar method-based biofilm formation identification, and virulence gene identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: 40 and 20 strains were discovered from UTI patients and healthy persons, respectively, in which O serogroups were found in 7(35%) and 3(15%) of those strains, respectively. Furthermore, only two strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157 H7) and enteroaggregative E. coli (O44 H7) were found in the UTI-based urine samples. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 60% of the biofilm positive producers (BPPs) isolated from UTI urine samples; however, only 20% of the biofilm negative producers (BNPs) isolated from UTI urine samples displayed MDR features. In the instance of virulence genes, a link was shown between fyuA (a gene that codes for an outer-membrane protein called ferric yersiniabactin uptake) and biofilm in 75% and 60% of UTI urine and stool strains, respectively, and in 55% of healthy individual stool strains. The findings of the antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the UTI strains were 90 percent, 100 percent, 65 percent, and 40 percent sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, respectively. Conclusion:The present research offers detailed information on the biofilm, virulence gene, and antibiotic resistance features of Escherichia coli from recurrent urinary tract infection patients and healthy people.

Effect of alcoholic Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Propolis on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm isolate from urinary tract infection

The present study aimed to investigate the formation of the biofilm in Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from UTI patients and study the effect of natural substances (Rosmarinus officinalis and Propolis) in inhibiting the biofilm. A total of 440 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection, those who were recumbent and were referred to the Al- Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Al-Ramadi Hospital for women and children, Al-Yarmouk Hospital, and educational laboratories in the medicine city for both sexes, during the period from the 5 July, 2017 to 10 October, 2017. Specimens were diagnosed by cultured them on selective media as well as biochemical tests. Also, diagnosis was confirmed using VITEK-2 compact system. Results showed many different bacterial isolates and ratio of S.aureus isolating was (52)%13.1 , and K.pneumonia was (68)%17.1. Their sensitivity were tested against 10 antibiotics and isolates showed varying resistance depending on the type of bacteria. The susceptibility of the bacteria to produce the biofilm was detected by qualitative and quantitative methods. Also, their susceptibility of high-yielding isolates to the biofilm antibiotics resistance was investigated, preparation of the alcoholic extract of the Rosemarinus officinalis plant and Propolis and studying its inhibitory effectiveness against isolates bacteria species. The results showed that the natural materials gave a high contrast effect against Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria. The effect of subMIC concentration to both alcoholic extract of Rosemarinus officinalis and Propolis were tested to inhibit the adhesion of S.aureus and K.pneumonia biofilm by micro-calibration dishes. Inhibitory ratio of Rosemarinus officinalis alcoholic extract ranged between (92-94%) to S. aureus and (16-26%) to K.pneumonia. as for Propolis, inhibitory ratio ranged (68- 75%) and (9-12%) to S. aureus and K. pneumonia, respectively.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant genes among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients admitted to al-yarmouk hospital

Emerging antibiotic resistance in microorganisms particularly multidrug-resistant strains among bacteria are increasing because of misusing antibiotics as well as evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this regard, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the six most common multidrug-resistant microorganisms in hospitals. Recently, carbapenems, as common antibiotics to treat infections of Acinetobacter have not an acceptable efficiency because of the resistance emergence to these antibiotics in many strains. In this study, resistant strains of A. baumannii were isolated and identified as an appropriate preventive strategy to reduce infections in hospitals. Disc diffusion test and PCR method were used to isolate of resistant strains and identify beta-lactamase genes of blaAmpC, blaTEM, blaVIM, and blaSHV. This study showed that these genes were contributed in antibiotic resistance with about 18.4% and ≥53.5% strains expressing all 4 genes and ≥3 genes, respectively. The blaAmpC gene is more prevalent than other genes, and this is probably due to the prevalence or rapid transfer of this beta-lactamase. However, more studies should be performed in a comparative way to isolate and identify other antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains relate to other hospitals.

Using integer linear numerical programming for the purpose of building a mathematical model that achieves optimal hospital management by providing the best medical services to hospitalized patients at the lowest financial costs.

In this paper an integer programming model was built to obtain an optimal utilization of the available medical resources(human and equipments) in the emergency department in Al-yarmouk hospital. According to model results a plan can be implemented for ministry of health to help the management of al-yarmouk hospital to distribute the available resources in an optimal manner to achieve an optimal medical service to the people who need this medical service.

A Comparative Study of Colorectal Cancer Based on Patient’s Age

Abstract:&#x0D; Background: The alteration of bowel habits, bleeding per-rectum and anemia were common features in both groups in this study, but in young patients there was a delay of 6 months between the presenting symptoms and the definitive diagnosis because the disease was not suspected and investigated in them. The most common site for the tumors in young patients was the rectum and in patients above the age of 40 years was the Sigmoid.&#x0D; The pathological finding showed that classification of the colorectal tumors in young patients appear moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma , this indicate a more malignant course of the disease in young patients.&#x0D; This study send a message to all clinicians that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in young patients and therefore we should be alert when dealing with young patients presenting with abdominal pain, bleeding per-rectum and alteration of bowel habit to diagnose the disease at an early stage to undertake curative surgery .&#x0D; Aim of the study: To study the clinical coarse of colorectal cancer in age between (less than 40 to above 40), and the most frequent site and distribution, and the types of surgical intervention.&#x0D; Patients and methods: In the period between January 2012 to March 2013, 35 patients with colorectal cancer were treated at Al-Yarmouk Hospital,10 patients were below the age of 40 years ,( 5 Males and 5 Females ) with age ranging from 22-40 years , 25 patients were above the age of 40 years (12 males and13 females).&#x0D; Results:100% of patients less than 40 years presenting as anemia and 50% bleeding per rectum, while 88% of patients above 40 years with weakness and lethargy.30% of patients less 40years age, and 36% of patients above 40 years consider as an emergency cases, and others as elective cases. Surgical treatment involving 50% of patients less than 40 are right, left hemicolectomy and anterior resection, and in age of above 40 56% by left hemicolectomy. More common stages in young patents are C and B but in old A ,B , C.&#x0D; Recommendations: Researchers recommend periodic screening by a doctor to diagnose the tumor early with the need to develop educational programs on early signs of colorectal cancer.

Stabilization study of a non-Linear self-regression model using Linear Approximation Technique

In this paper, stability in a polynomial model called a polynomial self-regression model with trigonometric boundaries was studied. A linear approximation technique was used, and the Box-Genghis method was used in data analysis, and time series modeling of numbers of people with media. Data were obtained from AL-Yarmouk Hospital in Baghdad AL-Karkh for the period (2011-2016) shows the numbers of patients with the disease through the technique of Linear approximation. Then we found the single point and the stability of the final cycle, and we tried to apply the results that we obtained on the correct data for audit.

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a among Patients from Al-Nasiriya City and Determining its Transmission Risk Factors

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes have been shown to be differently distributed between distinct geographical areas. Information regarding hepatitis C genotypes and subtypes distribution in Al-Nasiriya city is not well-known. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of various HCV genotypes in Al-Nasiriya City and the demographic and risk factors associated with HCV transmission among the Al-Nasiriya City population. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 patients with chronic HCV infection who were referred from Al-Nasiriya City to the Digestive Disease Department of Al-Yarmouk Hospital during February 2019–December 2020. Patients were screened for HCV antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Quantitation of the HCV viral load and genotype were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction. Results: This study revealed that the most common HCV genotype was 1a (HCV-1a) with a rate of 63%, while HCV-1d showed 1.5% and HCV-4 was 35.5%. Furthermore, the frequency of infection among females was more than among males at 37.5% and 25.5%, respectively, while the hemodialysis process among other transmission risk factors increased the transmission of HCV-1a infection. Conclusions: HCV-1a is the most predominant genotype in these patients, with more prevalent in females than males over 20 years old, and hemodialysis is the most risk factor in their transmission.

Assessment of Nurses Efficiency Regarding their Performance in the Operating Rooms at Three Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad

For the purpose of assessing the performance competency of the operating room nurses in Baghdad’shospitals, a descriptive study has been conducted from from 13th of December 2020 through 13 March 2020.The settings of the performed study were Al-Kindey hospital, Al-Yarmouk Hospital,, Baghdad teachinghospital in Baghdad city, For the study of (50) nurses who have been working definitely in the operatingroom in these hospitals, a purposeful sample has been selected.For the study purpose, a special tool has been developed which has been used for data collection. There arethree part compromising this tool which are dealing with performance of the nurse, demographic data, andaffordability of equipment and supplies in the operating room.A number of highly qualified experts have been asked to assess the validity of the questionnaire, where theyconfirmed its validity. As for the questionnaire’s legitimacy; it was specified according to the statisticallyacceptable person correlation coefficient of (r= 92).Data has been analyzed by using analysis of descriptive data (frequencies, percentages) and inferential dataanalysis (SPSS, 23).According to the conclusions that have been revealed by study, graduates from universities and institutes hadshowed a better practices performance than graduates from primary and secondary level.The study also indicate that scrub nurse practices in some domains were satisfactory (rehearsal of scrubnurses prior to actually entering OR, wearing operating clothes and gloves, draping and sheeting) andinadequate in some fields (practices concerned with surgical preparation, surgical hand scrub, antiseptic andtechnique and surgical instruments)).In the study between sexes, a non-significant variation illustrate years of experience in relation to the nurses’training sessions in OR.The investigation suggested that all nurses ought to circulate strategies to the staff concerning this issue;composed arrangements for the OR practice can be shared to the health-care providers for better execution,and supplies to hospitals such as antiseptic hand scrub strategies that inhibit pathogenic microorganismgrowth.

Adequacy of Olmesartan monotherapy versus cotherapy in patients with essential hypertension

Olmesartan is a class of an angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs used for the treatment of hypertension. The aim of this crossover clinical study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Olmesartan monotherapy compared to Olmesartan plus amlodipine co-therapy in patients with essential hypertension. An entire of eighty-three patients (45 males, 38 females) their age ranging (45-55 ) years with essential hypertension enrolled from Al Yarmouk hospital /Iraq for this study. After reaching the point of inclusion criteria, they treated with Olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg daily for a period of two months, then after two weeks of wash off, they treated with Olmesartan 20 mg daily plus amlodipine 10 mg daily for another two months. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and clinical laboratory tests that include fasting blood levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin, cystatin c and creatinine were obtained and studied at baseline (prior treatment), after two months of Olmesartan monotherapy and after two months of Olmesartan co-therapy.The statistical analyses of the data in patients using Olmesartan co-therapy versus Olmesartan monotherapy showed more effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure, better in reducing the blood levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin, superior in elevating the values of insulin sensitivity index and in elevating the blood levels of adiponectin. Concisely, the addition of amlodipine to Olmesartan treatment ameliorated insulin sensitivity and adiponectin level and attenuated the leptin level.