Al Anbar Research Articles

Description of The Karst Phenomena Spreading Along Stratified Sequence in The Western Desert of Iraq

The study focused on two important sites containing many caves sites located in the west of Al Anbar Governorate. The first site is Um El-Githoaa cavity in Hit region, a cave or trunks was chosen to show the aesthetic of this cave in terms of its shape and dimensions. The maximum diameter is 22.1m, while the perpendicular diameter is 18.5m. It is a dome shape and the height of its roof reaches about 2m located in the stratigraphic sequence falls within the massive gypsum, Fatha Formation (Middle Miocene). Geoelectrical exploration was chosen on the southern side of the cave to check whether the sinkholes scattered in the area are connected to subsurface caves or not. Using a Dipole-dipole array was chosen along a traverse, shown there are three sub-surface caves. This indicates that these phenomena are widespread in the region. The second location is Haditha, Barwana Village which was chosen to study where the cave is located in unconformity breccia zone between Anah Formation (Upper Oligocene- Lower Miocene) and Euphrates Formation (Lower Miocene- Middle Miocene). Barwana cave extends to the north 30 m and then tends to the west extend about 1 km within fragile breccia layer with incoherent components and ends with a small opening at the Euphrates River. This phenomenon was not present in the hard gypsum rocks in the Hit region, it was observed to have a large oval shape

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among Children Aged 5 months - 12 years at Al Anbar Province

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among Children Aged 5 months - 12 years at Al Anbar Province

Analysis on Thermal Islands Effectors in Ramadi City, Iraq Using Multi-temporal Landsat Images

This paper analyzes the effects of urban density, vegetation cover, and water body on thermal islands measured by land surface temperature in Al Anbar province, Iraq using multi-temporal Landsat images. Images from Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI for the years 2000, 2014, and 2018 were collected, pre-processed, and anal yzed. The results suggested that the strongest correlation was found between the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the surface temperature. The correlation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the surface temperature was slightly weaker compared to that of NDBI. However, the weakest correlation was found between the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the temperature. The results obtained in this research may help the decision makers to take actions to reduce the effects of thermal islands by looking at the details in the produced maps and the analyzed values of these spectral indices.

Climate change and their impact on wind characteristic in Al Anbar province from 1970- 2014.

Climate change and their impact on wind characteristic in Al Anbar province from 1970- 2014.

Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis of Haditha Dam using Geo-Studio Software

The current study is designed to model seepage and slope stability analysis of Haditha dam (Iraq) using finite element method by GEOSTUDIO 2012 software. GEOSTUDIO software is capable to carry out analysis such as, stress-strain, seepage, slope stability, dynamic analysis. SEEP/W and SLOPE/W are sub programs of GEOSTUDIO which can simulate the movement and pore-water pressure distribution within permeable materials like soil and rock. In the present study Haditha dam, which is an earth dam constructed on the Euphrates River in the middle west of Iraq 7 km upstream from Haditha city in Al Anbar governorate with a total length of the barrier 9064 m was chosen as a case study to simulate the seepage and slope stability analysis. The input data given to the software are the geometry of the dam and its material properties. The flow net is generated by SEEP/W software showing phreatic line, equipotential line, and stream line. Also, the seepage influx is computed by the software. The dam at its actual design was investigated by inspected the water in the reservoir to be at maximum, minimum and normal water level. It was concluded that the dolomite core and the presence of asphaltic-concrete diaphragm and the grout curtain have an important effect on decreasing the seepage quantity through the dam body and the factor of safety values of upstream and downstream slopes stability satisfy the minimum limits for all levels of water.

The effect of the listening triangle strategy on the cognitive representation of information among fifth-grade students in literature and texts

The aim of the research is to identify (the effect of the triangle strategy in listening to the cognitive representation of information among students of the fifth grade in literature and texts),The research sample consisted of (62) female students of the fifth grade of biological sciences in the secondary school of Raja for girls in Ramadi / Al Anbar province for the academic year 2018-2019. They were equally divided into two experimental and control groups with 31 students in each group. Between the two groups statistically in the variables (age, intelligence test, language ability test, and previous information test), and a measure of the cognitive representation of the information consisted of 36 paragraphs distributed evenly over 6 domains. Sometimes, rarely, never), and grades (1,2,3,4,5) were given on the Wali, has verified the validity of the scale and stability, and after applying the scale to the students of the two groups showed the results: There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied the listening triangle strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied the normal method in the cognitive representation measure for the benefit of the students of the experimental group.

Genetically Determined ABO and (Rh) Rhesus Blood Groups and Their Associations with Diabetes Mellitus

The current study was designed to explore the distribution of blood groups ABO and Rh and to find out the association of diabetes mellitus type II with blood groups. The study was performed on a sample of data consisting of records of blood groups were collected from different cities in Al Anbar Province in Iraq. A total of (23022) individuals were included in this study. All the information about ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group systems serological and diabetic patients' results were obtained from the survey of (1092) pedigrees. In the population under investigation the overall proportions of different alleles of ABO were 0.20, 0.14 and 0.64 for A, B, and O, correspondingly. This happened in the direction of O > A > B. Phenotypic proportions were O = 40.17%, A = 29%, B =20% and AB = 11.54%. The proportion of O allele was the maximum in the population, whereas allele frequency for allele B was the lowest at 0.20. The observed distribution of ABO does not differ from the expected and the population under investigation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Goodness – of – fit, X2 = 7.12, d.f =3, p≥0.05). Concerning Rhesus D antigens, the current study found allele frequency for D+ and D- alleles was 0.65 and 0.35, correspondingly. While, the genotypic proportions to the Rh blood group were D+D+ = 0.42, D+D- = 0.46 and D-D- = 0.12, and the phenotypic frequencies were D+D+ = 87.5% and D-D- = 12.5%. There was a greater percentage of Rh (D) +ve persons than the Rh (D)-ve in over-all the people under investigation. Our results backing a robust association among blood group and diabetes incidence, with the contribution of AB blood type which have a minor chance of increasing diabetes type II. It has been detected minor rise of risk of increasing DM II amongst A and B blood group while AB was a lesser amount of probable to develop diabetes compared to blood group O. Consequently, the impact of blood groups would be examined in upcoming medical and epidemiological pieces of training on diabetes. Additional pathological and physiological investigation is furthermore required to answer the reason why people with type AB has a minor chance of diabetes.

Integrated solar thermal combined cycle for power generation in Iraq

Solar thermal power has already shown enormous promise as a source for power generation. With limited environmental impacts and an immense abundance, it offers a reasonable prospect to the sunny countries such as Iraq, that enables the country to lead the development of industrial-scale solar power generation in the region. However, the electricity distribution systems would be confronted by daily and annual variance of solar irradiation. To compensate for this variance the integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) with a natural gas power plant is the solution. This study investigates the potential of ISCC power plants in Iraq in which preferred technologies and economic feasibility are analysed. The analysis shows it is the best interest of Iraq to invest in at least one large-scale ISCC power plant among the future planned power plants. The most promising location for such a plant would be in Al Anbar, the immense western desert in Iraq, yet other six locations for such power plants have potential as well. The economic analysis showed a high capital cost for the concentrated solar power (CSP) plant compared to the natural gas (NG) plant, as the CSP formed 67% of the total capital investment, though, the operating and maintenance cost of CSP formed only about 5% of the total ISCC plant cost at $1,688,281 per year, and the direct operating and maintenance cost of CSP and NG plants were 34, and 164 $.kW−1, respectively.

The incidence of enamel hypoplasia in children between 8 and 15 years in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Aims: Hereditary and environmental factors can lead to enamel hypoplasia (EH). This defect can affect the baby teeth (primary) or permanent teeth. The study has been performed to estimate the incidence of the enamel hypoplasia among children between the age group of 8 and 15 years in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq and to try to find some solutions to protect the enamel in these ages. Materials and Methods: A total of 2652 pupils were selected from schools of primary and medium. All samples were chosen according to the randomized stratified clustered manner. The pupils' populations were classified into 1–3 groups. In each group, there were 884 pupils (442 males and 442 females) examined. The procedures of diagnosis were in calm status with daylight, using general surgical instruments, for example, disposable mirror, and forceps that have been used to retract the lips and cheeks. Statistical Analysis: The data have been collected were analyzed using the Chi-square statistic test (SPSS version 22 software). Results: The enamel hypoplasia was the most common widespread in both genders, in the boys, it was 122 (9.2%), whereas in the girls, it was 117 (8.82%), and there were no statistically significant P value differences between both genders (P > 0.05). Results also showed that hypoplastic enamel was significantly seen on the maxillary incisors compared with the canines and the premolars. Conclusion: Several factors can cause enamel hypoplasia among children between the age group of 8 and 15 years in Al Anbar Governorate such as nutritional factors, illness, or the range of acquired genetic factors that are eventually lead to esthetics problems and dental hypersensitivity. Accordingly, enamel hypoplasia in teeth can increase the risk of dental caries and tooth wear; therefore, one of the best options was effective preventive care and monitoring are required that is the helping to protect the enamel.

Evidence-Based Review and Discussion Points

Evidence-Based Review and Discussion Points

Effect of plant spacing and foliar feeding of iron in growth and yield traits of maize.

ield experiment was carried out in a loamy sand soil mixture, at Al-Naemea region, Fallujah City of Al–Anbar province, during the spring and autumn seasons of 2013, to study the effect of three plant spacing between plants10, 15 and 20 cm and four concentrations of foliar feeding of iron 0, 50, 75and100 mg Fe L-1 in growth and yield of maize Ipa 5018. Factorial arrangement was use with R.C.B.D.in three replicates. The results showed that a distance of 10 cm of planting gave the highest mean for each of the plant height, leaf area index and total grain yield 4.75 and 6.15 t ha-1 for two seasons respectively. While the distance of 20 cm planting gave the highest mean for each of the leaf area in autumn season, ear number per plant, number of rows per ear and weight of 500 grain for two season respectively. The concentration 100 mg Fe L-1 gave the highest mean for each of the leaf area ,leaf area index, ear number per plant, number of rows per ear, weight of 500 grain and total grain yield 4.82 and 6.38 t ha-1 for two season respectively. While the concentration 75 mg Fe L-1 gave the highest mean of plant height. The interaction between planting distance of 20 cm and a concentration of 100 mg Fe L-1 was significant effect in ear number per plant and number of rows per ear in autumn season and leaf area and weight of 500 grain in both season respectively. While the interaction between 10 cm distance with concentration 75 mg Fe L-1 significant effect in leaf area index and total grain yield in both season respectively.

Review of Confronting Al Qaeda: The Sunni Awakening and American Strategy in Al Anbar

Review of Confronting Al Qaeda: The Sunni Awakening and American Strategy in Al Anbar

Role of Animal Fertilizers in Improvement Growth and Yield Strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch C.V Ruby Gem it cultivated in Plastic House

The research carried out for the year 2013-2014 in region of Jazeera Al- Ramadi- Al Anbar governorate for study the effect of different types of animal fertilizer Fermented Cow, Horse and Poultry at Levels 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 t.ha-1 In addition chemical fertilizer treatment N.P.K and control treatment. The results showed the superiority of the treatment T22 registered the highest mean number of leaves amounted 79.327 Lealantf.Plant-1 and registered T24 highest average leaf area amounted 93.310 Ds.m2.Plant-2. Obtained highest number crowns in the treatment T23 amounted 8.600 crowns.plant-1. T25 Given highest nitrogen rates in leaves amounted 2.496%. Registered T22 highest phosphors rates in leaves amounted 0.566% However, the treatment T16 highest rates potassium rates amount 1.883%. Excelled treatment T21it gave highest rates number of fruits amount 77.537 fruit.plant-1 but the treatment T6 registered highest average of fruit weight amounted 20.123 gm.Fruit-1. Excelled the treatment T20 it registered highest yield of plant amount 1112.25 gm.Plant-1. However, the treatment T4 it registered less rates of distorted fruits amounted 9.697%.

The effect of using different levels of Thymus vulgaris to the ration on physiological traits and enzymes of broiler chicks (ROSS 308) blood

This study was done in a private field in Al Anbar governorate. 150 bird of ROSS 308 type had been used in this experiment, were divided into five treatments. Each treatment contains thirty bird distributed into three replicates with ten bird in each one of them. The chicks were fed on ration. Contains different percentages of Thyme 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) % in two stages starting with primary ration at the age of 1 day to 28 days or the first stage. The second stage Finishing ration staring with 29 days until the end of the experiment. Some criteria of blood, the levels of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes and some internal organs such as liver, heart and gizzard were studied. The results showed significant increase of 0.8% rate of Thyme in each of RBC number, Hb and PCV with noticeable Improvement in AST, ALT and ALP. In addition, there was an improvement in triglycerides TG at the rate of 0.2% Thyme and in cholesterol at all the rates of Thyme especially T3. The rates of blood protein also raised in all Thyme treatments. T4 had the best results without any significant differences in the rational weight of the heart and gizzard, but the rational weight of the liver had been raised in T2 in the Thyme of 0.2%. Thus, we concluded that using of Thyme with 0.2% and 0.4% had improved significantly all the studied criteria.

Effectiveness of Lumbar Puncture in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infection for the Elderly Patients Presenting with Acute Confusional State

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of lumbar puncture (LP) as a diagnostic procedure for central nervous system infection in cases of acute confusional states in elderly patients. Patients and Methods: T his is an observational prospective study as a short research article that enrolled 50 elderly patients with acute confusional state to assess lumbar puncture results as a diagnostic procedure for central nervous system infections in Al - Fallujah Teaching Hospital in Al Anbar, Iraq, between January 2011 and January 2013. All of the patients have been subjected to lumbar puncture ( LP), as well as laboratory investigations. Results: This study reveals slight female predominance (54%) in cases of acute confusional state. The mean age was 68 years. Acute confusional state in 92% of our cases was due to systemic disease, and central ner vous system infection (meningitis and encephalitis) represented only 8% of cases. Most LPs were negative (normal). Fifty per cent of CNS infections were in pre - LP cases presenting systemic diseases. Central nervous system infections were mostly bacterial m eningitis. Conclusions: This study reveals that positive LP results were low in elderly patients presenting

A Moment of Silence to Honor our Heroes Both Dead and Living

Here are nearly 50,000 reasons for me to keep the needs of our service members closest to my heart and on the front burner in my mind as well as front and center in the public square. One of the heroes who gave his life is Staff SGT James M. Malachowski, USMC. He was 25 when he died in the Helmand Province, Afghanistan. He was in 2nd BN, 8th Mar. Regiment, II Marine Div. II Marine Expeditionary force, based in Camp Lejeune, NC. I picked his name out of the list of heroes because I have two powerful links to the II Marines and Camp Lejeune. 1. I am father of USMC Officer who saw action in the Al Anbar Province when the II Mar Div. took over this totally broken down region. (2006-2007) and 2. The Spearhead Insignia which was a shoulder patch when it was introduced during action in Pacific theater relates very well to the Surname of our family namely Velandy which is a Tamil word meaning bearer of the Spear. The Hindu deity who is referred to as Velandy is revered especially in South India and Sri Lanka. This deity is both a scholar and warrior who like Pericles lead the forces of Good to a great triumph over the forces of evil. I could hardly contain myself and felt extremely gratified when I fully appreciated this link between our Surname Velandy- the Spear bearer and the Spear head Symbol of the II Marine Division. This Division stabilized the once deadly and desperately chaotic region of Iraq- the vast badlands of the Al. Anbar province a couple of years ago and handed over control to the Iraqis.

Devise a mathematical model to represent the sediment at Al Anbar Thermal Power Station Outlet using GIS

This research aims to study sediment discharges in Al Anbar Thermal Power Station in two phases the first phases include a follow-up study sediment load from the river by taking samples at different depths and different discharges, and noted measurements, calculations for each section while the second phases included an account of the tonnage of river sediment through the program depends on the equation of Meyer, to five sections (18, 26, 35.43, 45) with the observation results and do a comparison between the two phases. Research has included also employ technology of remote sensing and geographic information system GIS in the study of the waters of the Euphrates at thermal power plant after an analytical study was taken amount sediment and size in the study area and then link results with the geographic information system GIS for the purpose of producing layers represent the nature of the spatial distribution of these Sediments on the entire study area and the aerial imagery of software Google Earth with the use of the program (Arc view), one of the geographic information system software. The research concluded give recommendations for controlling the movement of sediment when the at Al Anbar Thermal Power Station Outlet through two main axes of them increase the flow velocity exceeds the critical velocity and the other includes the disposal of sediments away from the site of the station outlet.

Classification and evaluation of alluvial soil suitable to sensitive crops between Hit and Fulluja city within Euphreat basin in Al Anbar Governerent.

Classification and evaluation of alluvial soil suitable to sensitive crops between Hit and Fulluja city within Euphreat basin in Al Anbar Governerent.

Sand fly surveillance and control on Camp Ramadi, Iraq, as part of a leishmaniasis control program

Abstract : Vector-borne diseases are a serious health threat to U.S. troops stationed around the world. U.S. forces deployed to Iraq following the 2003 invasion experienced serious risk of infection by several vector-borne pathogens, specifically cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (Aliaga and Aronson 2007). Camp Ramadi, a U.S. military Forward Operating Base, was established in 2003 at the Al Anbar provincial capital of Ramadi, approximately 110 km west of Baghdad. In Iraq the total number of cases of CL reported per year from 2004 to 2008 was 1,655 and for VL was 1,711 (Alvar et al. 2012). In Al Anbar province in 2008, the estimated incidence of CL and VL was 1 per 10,000 (Alvar et al. 2012). Because of the war, the number of cases of both CL and VL was most likely underreported in Al Anbar and all provinces of Iraq (Alvar et al. 2012). Because of the risk of vector-borne diseases, each large U.S. military facility, such as Camp Ramadi, had a vector control program operating throughout the year. As part of a base-wide vector control program, unbaited Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps were placed at three locations on Camp Ramadi between April and August, 2009 to gather baseline population estimates of adult sand flies and monitor the success of subsequent control measures. This paper reports sand fly collections over the five-month period, whether they were positive for Leishmania, and describes efforts to control sand fly populations using ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticide applications. Three sites on Camp Ramadi were established for trap placement in areas where U.S. troops worked and lived. Site one was in a grove of palm trees near troop living quarters and the base medical clinic. Site two was in a plot of scrub vegetation near the helicopter landing pad, and site three in tall vegetation near buildings occupied by the base Commander. All three sites had active rodent burrows.

A serologicalsurveillance of bluetongue disease in sheep and goats in Iraq by using acompetitive ELISA Technique

In this study, a sero-survillance on ovine and caprine serum samples from all over Iraqexcept the governorates of Iraqi Kurdistan region was conducted. It aimed for the detection ofspecific antibodies directed against VP7 protein - the sero-group specific antigen of bluetongue virus – by using a competitive ELISA technique.The results showed that among a totalof 3277 serum samples, 1436 samples were found to be positive forming 43.82% of totalsamples, while 1687 samples were negative with 51.48 % and 154 sample were suspiciousforming 4.69 %. The highest positive serum samples were found in Al Basrah Province(southern of Iraq) with 60.41% and in Al Anbar Province (Western of Iraq) with 61%, whilethe lowest of positive samples were found in Nineva (Northern of Iraq) with 22.35%.The results also showed a closely ratio between positive percentage of goats and sheepsamples with the positive goats serum samples ( in five provinces ) were 45 of 114 samplesrepresenting 39.47 %,while the positive sheep serum samples ( in fifteen provinces) were1391 of 3163 samples representing43.97%. Our study is complementary to the previousworks held in this field and it represents the first field serological survey for bluetongueinsheep and goats in Iraq.