Abstract
The study focused on two important sites containing many caves sites located in the west of Al Anbar Governorate. The first site is Um El-Githoaa cavity in Hit region, a cave or trunks was chosen to show the aesthetic of this cave in terms of its shape and dimensions. The maximum diameter is 22.1m, while the perpendicular diameter is 18.5m. It is a dome shape and the height of its roof reaches about 2m located in the stratigraphic sequence falls within the massive gypsum, Fatha Formation (Middle Miocene). Geoelectrical exploration was chosen on the southern side of the cave to check whether the sinkholes scattered in the area are connected to subsurface caves or not. Using a Dipole-dipole array was chosen along a traverse, shown there are three sub-surface caves. This indicates that these phenomena are widespread in the region. The second location is Haditha, Barwana Village which was chosen to study where the cave is located in unconformity breccia zone between Anah Formation (Upper Oligocene- Lower Miocene) and Euphrates Formation (Lower Miocene- Middle Miocene). Barwana cave extends to the north 30 m and then tends to the west extend about 1 km within fragile breccia layer with incoherent components and ends with a small opening at the Euphrates River. This phenomenon was not present in the hard gypsum rocks in the Hit region, it was observed to have a large oval shape
Highlights
The western regions of Iraq include karst regions of various forms, distinct and aesthetic
Barwana Cave is due to melting of the fragile breccia layer with incoherent components due to the infiltration of groundwater and infiltration rain, which extends along the boundary between Anah and Euphrates formations, which led to its extension for long distances
A stratigraphic column was established in each cave to delineate the diameter of 22.1 m and a minimum diameter of 18.5 m. It is located within massive gypsum and slit formation (Middle Miocene) and geoelectrical exploration has been carried out in the southern side of the cave to verify whether the sewers spread in the area are connected to subterranean caves or not
Summary
The western regions of Iraq include karst regions of various forms, distinct and aesthetic. It is estimated that natural phenomena karst occupies up to 10% of the Earth's surface, and that up to a quarter of the world's population is provided with water karst (Jennings, 1971). It has been taken in many countries of the world as distinct tourism facilities. In Iraq, the southern part of Al-Jazeera, along the left bank of the Euphrates River large caves is formed in gypsum beds of the Fatha Formation and carbonate rock of the Euphrates Formation. Few kilometers north of Hit a large cave (Um El-Githoaa cavity) is formed in the gypsum beds of the plateau that borders
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