Genetically Determined ABO and (Rh) Rhesus Blood Groups and Their Associations with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The current study was designed to explore the distribution of blood groups ABO and Rh and to find out the association of diabetes mellitus type II with blood groups. The study was performed on a sample of data consisting of records of blood groups were collected from different cities in Al Anbar Province in Iraq. A total of (23022) individuals were included in this study. All the information about ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group systems serological and diabetic patients' results were obtained from the survey of (1092) pedigrees. In the population under investigation the overall proportions of different alleles of ABO were 0.20, 0.14 and 0.64 for A, B, and O, correspondingly. This happened in the direction of O > A > B. Phenotypic proportions were O = 40.17%, A = 29%, B =20% and AB = 11.54%. The proportion of O allele was the maximum in the population, whereas allele frequency for allele B was the lowest at 0.20. The observed distribution of ABO does not differ from the expected and the population under investigation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Goodness – of – fit, X2 = 7.12, d.f =3, p≥0.05). Concerning Rhesus D antigens, the current study found allele frequency for D+ and D- alleles was 0.65 and 0.35, correspondingly. While, the genotypic proportions to the Rh blood group were D+D+ = 0.42, D+D- = 0.46 and D-D- = 0.12, and the phenotypic frequencies were D+D+ = 87.5% and D-D- = 12.5%. There was a greater percentage of Rh (D) +ve persons than the Rh (D)-ve in over-all the people under investigation. Our results backing a robust association among blood group and diabetes incidence, with the contribution of AB blood type which have a minor chance of increasing diabetes type II. It has been detected minor rise of risk of increasing DM II amongst A and B blood group while AB was a lesser amount of probable to develop diabetes compared to blood group O. Consequently, the impact of blood groups would be examined in upcoming medical and epidemiological pieces of training on diabetes. Additional pathological and physiological investigation is furthermore required to answer the reason why people with type AB has a minor chance of diabetes.