Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood groups among Type-2 Diabetic subjects

C K Akshaya

doi:10.51131/ijpccr/v1i1.6

Abstract

ABO and Rh blood group systems have been associated with a number of diseases including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epidemiological studies have inconsistently associated ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups with T2DM risk. To assess the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among type-2 diabetic subjects and to check the potential association between ABO and Rh blood groups with T2DM. This small retrospective case-control study was conducted at DM WIMS Hospital, Wayanad. One-year data (from Jan-18 to Jan-19) of fasting, postprandial or random plasma/serum glucose, HbA1c, ABO and Rh blood groups of Non- diabetic and type -2 diabetic subjects were collected from the Hospital Clinical Laboratory Medicine department. Among 280 randomly selected data, 147 are non-diabetic subjects, and 133 are confirmed and known cases of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Subjects with Blood group B has the highest distribution percentage among group-2 (59.39%) in comparison with group-1 (34.02%), followed by A (19.55%), O (18.79%), AB (2.27%). Statistical analysis using Chi-square test among ABO and Rh blood groups between group-1 and group-2 showed a significant (p< 0.001) association of blood group “B +ve” and least association of blood group “O +ve” with T2DM. However, the Rh Blood groups evaluation for T2DM showed no clear association, as both Rh +ve and Rh -ve were uniformly distributed in the groups. The ABO and Rh blood groups may have a possible role to play in the development of T2DM. The subjects with B + ve blood group are at greater risk for T2DM and O + ve blood group individuals are at lower risk for T2DM. Keywords: Blood groups; ABO blood groups; Rh blood groups; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; distribution; association REFERENCES

Highlights

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
In the present study, when ABO blood groups and Rh blood groups data are taken together and statistically analysed using Chi-square test among different blood groups between group-1 and group-2, we observed a significant (p< 0.001) association of blood group “B +ve” and least association of blood group “O +ve” with type-2 DM (T2DM). This is in correlation with the studies of Fagherazzi G et al[9] where they have observed that B and A blood group individuals were at increased risk of T2DM compared with those of O group
(14) It is well-known that systemic inflammation is the main cause of insulin resistance and plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. [15,16] The experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that ABO blood groups and T2DM may be interrelated because of broad genetic and immunologic basis

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, Akshaya et al / International Journal of Preclinical & Clinical Research 2020;1(1): dysfunction, and failure of different organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Associations between blood type and disease have been studied since the early 1900s when researchers determined that antibodies and antigens are inherited. [2] Both the ABO and Rh blood groups systems have been associated with a number of diseases, but this is more likely related to the presence or absence of these tissue antigens throughout the body and not directly or primarily related to their presence on RBCs. [3] Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the connection between ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups with type-2 DM (T2DM) risk, [4] but the findings were inconsistent.

Materials & Methods

Study Design

Results

Conclusion