Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Individuals Following Infection and Vaccination

Abstract

To contain the SARS-CoV-2 infection a number of measures including vaccination had taken to reduce virus transmission and mortality. Protection from a viral infection is mainly achieved by virus-neutralizing antibodies which are produced after infection or vaccination. But to what degree these can induce the production of neutralizing antibodies is poorly understood. To determine the development of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody production against spike protein after infection and vaccination. A prospective study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 at tertiary care hospital, Solapur. Based on the evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and status of vaccination, a total of 150 participants above 18 years of age were enrolled. A blood sample was collected for the serum to perform an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the ErbaLisa COVID-19 IgG kit. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was used to analyze the data. In this study, we have assessed the development of protective immunity and it was found that 89.33% (134/150) of participants had a detectable level of SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies. Also, in the present study the development of antibodies following infection, after a first and second dose of vaccination is compared, and observed that SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 88% of participants following infection, in 84% of participants after the first dose, and in 96% after the second dose. Effective vaccination is an essential solution to decrease - the severity, transmissibility and the emergence of new variants. Keywords: Covid antibody, Covid-19 immune response, SARS-CoV-2 IgG, vaccination