Airbus Industrie Research Articles

Supporting airbus converted freighters

Abstract The Airbus wide-body aircraft are gradually becoming the aircraft of choice for conversion into freighters. Although the conversions are done by two independent companies who provide the support for their conversion, Airbus Industrie still provides the full support for the basic aircraft.

Structure and Properties of 1933 Cruciform Large Fitting Blanks

The complex tests results given in the present paper were performed in VIAM, Samara Metallurgical Plant (SMP, Russia) and the enterprises of Aerospatiale Company (AS, France) with use of large-sized cruciform fitting blanks of Russian high-strength forging 1933T3 alloy (applied to A340 airbus). The work concerning the production of blanks and their evaluation sponsored by Airbus Industrie. The detailed tests showed, that the 1933T3 blanks exceed 7175T73 die forgings in strength property level and, particularly, fracture toughness and besides, it possesses the high fatigue resistance as well as good technologically efficiency. Due to the low level of residual stresses in parts any significant distortion and warpage were not observed during machining but they were discovered earlier in other cases. The successful results were achieved thanks to the use of the of non- traditional technology for the production of the fitting blanks and Russian unique pressing equipment.

Antisuit injunctions and the Brussels Convention

THE law concerning antisuit injunctions continues to develop, albeit in a conceptually unsatisfying, piecemeal fashion. English courts are increasingly concerned about the problem of extraterritoriality—witness Lord Goff's strictures about comity in Airbus Industrie GIE v. Patel [1998] 1 W.L.R. 686 (H.L.). But their cautious language conceals a readiness to grant relief in novel situations. A recent example is Turner v. Grovit [1999] 3 All E.R. 616, where, in the course of proceedings for constructive dismissal brought by Mr. Turner before an English employment tribunal, his employers sued him in Spain for repudiating his contract of employment. The Court of Appeal unhesitatingly restrained the Spanish proceedings. They were an abuse of process, intended solely to vex Mr. Grovit in the pursuit of his claim before the employment tribunal.

Challenges of the A3XX

The present article is the text of the keynote address delivered by Dr Jürgen Thomas, Head of the A3XX programme at AIRBUS INDUSTRIE, in June 1999 on the occasion of the ONERA-DLR Aerospace Symposium “99”, held in Paris.

Cosmic Radiation - An Aircraft Manufacturer's View

The relevance and context of cosmic radiation to an aircraft maker_Airbus Industrie_are outlined. Some future developments in aircraft and air traffic are described, along with their possible consequences for exposure.

Airbus Industrie: An adapted training and flight operations support

Structural improvements in aircraft design, seeking to improve energy efficiency, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by reducing reduced fuel consumption. This research reviews improvements with the introduction of a structural component known as "winglet;" these are positioned at the top of the aircraft wing, and increased Airbus Group A320 sales. Data used are taken from air traffic in Spain for the 2010–2014 period with projections being made for 2020. The results show that winglets reduce CO2 equivalent emissions associated with Spain's air transport for the 2015–2020 period between 66.29 and 59.56 Gg. depending on the scenario considered in 2020.

3 Airbus System Engineering Policy

AbstractIn the field of aeronautics, among all types of requirements, safety requirements are those which have the greater impact on defining approaches to manage orderly the development of any element composing the aircraft. The increased complexity of aircraft systems led the aeronautic community to define suitable requirements for safety and certification. This resulted in the production of ARP 4754 “Certification Considerations for Highly‐Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems” developed by the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and EUROCAE (The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment). These recommended practices have then been analysed by Airbus Industries in order to revise the current domestic directives used for System development. A new set of directives have been developed, this paper presents the main characteristics of these new Airbus Standards.

Airbus Industrie delivers medical supplies to Vietnam

Airbus Industrie delivers medical supplies to Vietnam

Electronic retrofit enhances the economic life of Airbus Industrie's first aircraft type

Electronic retrofit enhances the economic life of Airbus Industrie's first aircraft type

Airbus airframe noise reduction—A European harmonized research effort

Very large aircraft—such as the planned Airbus A3XX—require correspondingly high lift forces and extended landing gear structures, thus causing potentially very high airframe noise levels during the landing approach. This problem was realized by the Airbus Consortium, and the first relevant research initiatives date back to the early 1990s. Soon after, initial research at DLR began under contract to Airbus Industrie, dedicated to landing gear airframe noise. Recognizing the general challenge of research for aircraft noise reduction at that time, a European Noise Reduction Initiative (ENRI) was proposed, dealing with both engine and airframe noise. Subsequent technical discussions, however, led to separate programs for engine and airframe noise research, the latter being initiated under the acronym RAIN (reduction of airframe and installation noise). RAIN encompasses analytical and experimental work to describe, predict, and reduce the noise both from landing gears and high lift devices. In parallel, national research programs began: In France wind tunnel and flyover experiments relate to the whole aircraft airframe noise characteristics, while corresponding research in Germany focuses on high lift devices noise. In Great Britain, noise modeling is performed for landing gear noise prediction. These national efforts are coordinated by the Airbus partner companies (3E-program).

Plug and play software hones car and plane manufacture

Working together, manufacturers, parts suppliers, information technology vendors, universities, and research organizations pull together complete manufacturing systems from distributed software components. The European Airbus consortium, Airbus Industrie, Blagnac, Cedex, France, is a good example, uniting as it does Aerospatiale (France), British Aerospace, Spain's CASA, Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus (Germany), and others in the development and manufacture of a range of commercial airliners. Airbus also amply demonstrates the functionality of such consortia: manufacturing is spread throughout the companies involved, and their disparate suppliers. The logistical challenges are great, but comparatively easy to surmount when measured against the challenges of integrating the design processes, computer aided design tools, and relevant databases of the consortia partners and suppliers. Airbus partners are not the only consortia members facing information and file format challenges. Searching for and exchanging data often wastes the design time of thousands of mechanical and electronics engineers in the automotive and aerospace industries across Europe. By using the same data in the same format across the enterprise, manufacturers can focus on developing new models.

Strategic alliances in the aerospace industry: a case of Europe emerging or converging?

Spotlights that strategic alliances are widely used within the aerospace industry and the success of Europe’s Airbus Industrie consortium has been much publicized. Less well‐documented has been the success of some of Europe’s leading engineering companies, such as Rolls‐Royce, Daimler‐Benz and BMW, in supplying aero engines to the world’s airlines. Again collaborative ventures have played an important part in helping these firms to build market share within this highly competitive global market. Reviews the changes that have taken place within both the airframe and the engine sectors of the aerospace industry in recent years. Critically evaluates the part that strategic alliances have played in the increasing commercial success of the European Union in both sectors. Highlights differences in the nature and role of such alliances as well as their impact on the structure of each sector.

MANAGING STATE‐OWNED ENTERPRISES: LESSONS FROM INDIA

State‐owned enterprises (SOEs), in general, have not been successful. Their indifferent performance has been at the center of the debate about the role of the state in the economy. To economists, the performance of SOEs is evidence of what is wrong with state intervention. And in recent years privatization has increasingly been regarded as the only way of improving the performance of SOEs. Yet, while unsuccessful SOEs abound, a few high‐performing SOEs such as POSCO (South Korea), Airbus Industrie (France), EMBRAER (Brazil), and MUL (India) can also be found.

UK Launch Aid Experience

Compared with the amount of interest Launch Aid has generated over the years, disproportionately little factual data has informed public policy debate. Information entering the public domain has arrived in piecemeal fashion, resulting in considerable disparities between sources. While Launch Aid has figured prominently in post-war UK civil aerospace policy to date, the impending decisions over how to fund the Airbus Industrie A3XX super jumbo programme and more generally over how to respond to the US industry have once again returned Launch Aid to a position of particular relevance, importance and topicality. This paper aims to provide a systematic, consistent and independent account of UK Launch Aid experience drawing on all publicly available information. Emphasis is placed on a) the historical, legal and institutional development of UK Launch Aid policy, as well as on b) the accompanying factual questions relating to actual sums disbursed and repaid. The result is a considerable improvement over existing sources in terms of completeness and consistency, serving additionally to identify remaining areas requiring further investigation.

CACSD-Frame for Robust Low-Complexity Control Law Design

Robust low-complexity control laws design is the ultimate goal which Computer-Aided Control System Design (CACSD) aims for. We recognize seven classes of services CACSD tools and environments have to support w.r.t. this view: physical system modelling with modelling uncertainty descriptions; mathematical system modelling with suited uncertainty models; system model analysis in state space, time- and frequency domain; control law synthesis; multiobjective (multicriteria and multimodel) synthesis-parameter tuning; nonlinear assessment via simulation; control code generation. We deal with state of the art aspects of such services and their integration within an interactively controlled automatic design feedback loop. This is illustrated by experience gained during the two-years GARTEUR a a Group for Aeronautics Research and Technology in Europe design challenge project on Robust Aircraft Flight Control, where 12 teams from 6 European countries demonstrated 11 different CACSD synthesis methods to design a landing-approach autopilot controller based on a Beluga-type aircraft model from Airbus Industries.

Experimental results on aerofoil manipulators at high subsonic speeds

An extensive series of measurements of the boundary layer development and drag downstream of aerofoil manipulators have been made in the high speed tunnels at Cambridge. This work forms part of a combined study with the University of Poitiers into the possible drag reducing properties of manipulators and was supported by Airbus Industrie. Overall the test results showed that the reduction in turbulent skin-friction downstream of the device did not compensate for the drag of the device itself in any of the cases studied, thus no overall drag saving was possible although in certain cases the overall drag penaly was small. This finding suggests that such devices may have a use in regions where a local reduction in skin-friction (and hence possible heat transfer) is needed and a low level of loss can be accepted. However, the actual drag reduction obtained was found to be extremely sensitive to changes in the aerofoil shape and incidence.

Networked Airbus planning

Faced with the fierce competition prevailing in the world's aircraft market, Daimler‐Benz‐Aerospace Airbus GmbH has developed a highly complex, internationally used planning system (APC) for Airbus Industrie in Toulouse, France. This IBM client/server solution was implemented to improve customer satisfaction, reliability and punctuality, while at the same time cutting costs and making use of synergistic effects.

Flight deck avionics

After 20 years of evolution based on digital computers, electronic displays and data highways, the modern airliner cockpit and the systems with which it interfaces have reached a significant level of technology. The “big three” aircraft constructors, Boeing, Airbus Industrie and McDonnell Douglas now include, as standard, “wall‐to‐wall” electronic displays, ARINC 429 or 629 data highways, warning and system status displays as well as flight management systems.

Making Business Decisions: Real Cases from Real Companies

Unit 1 Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation Adapting to the Japanese Market Product: Fast-Food Restaurants Themes: Franchising Marketing Internationally Writing: Business Proposal (Introductory Lesson) Unit 2 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Making Ethical Decisions in Business Product: Pharmaceuticals Themes: Crisis Management: Public Relations Ethics in Business Writing: Business Letter (Introductory Lesson) Unit 3 Ben & Jerry's Homemade, Inc. Developing a Compensation Policy Product: Ice Cream Themes: Employer-Employee Relations Socially Responsible Business Writing: Interoffice Letter (Introductory Lesson) Unit 4 Levi Strauss & Co. Applying Market Research to New Product Development Product: Clothing Themes: Market Research Saving a Failing Product Writing: Interoffice Letter Unit 5 Stew Leonard's Dairy Store Satisfying the Supermarket Customer Product: Groceries Themes: Retail Sales Listening to the Customer Writing: Business Letter Suggestions Unit 6 Airbus Industry and the Boeing Company Negotiating International Trade Agreements Product: Airplanes Themes: Government/Industry Relations International Trade Writing: Interoffice Letter Unit 7 Kidselebration, Inc. Expanding a Small Children's Products Business Product: Children's Music Tapes Themes: Copyrights and Trademarks Creating New Products and Markets Writing: Business Letter Unit 8 Akzo n.v. Responding to Environmental Concerns in Europe Product: Chemicals, Paints, Fibers, and Pharmaceuticals Themes: Environmental Regulation Balancing Profits and Environmental Protection Writing: Business Letter Unit 9 Perdue Farms, Inc. Designing an Advertising Campaign Product: Poultry Themes: Cultural Elements in Advertising Designing Effective Advertisements Writing: Storyboard Unit 10 Crosby Valve & Cage Company Choosing a Latin American Manufacturing Base Product: Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquids Themes: Cultural Elements in Advertising Designing Effective Advertisements Writing: Storyboard Appendix A: Answer Key for Reviewing Background Information and Vocabulary Appendix B: Information for Exercise 5 Paired Activities Appendix C: Negotiating Strategies Tapescript

Forecasting the demand for air transportation services: An analysis of the forecasts published by the International Civil Aviation Organization, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Airbus Industrie: Poore, James Walter, Ph.D. Golden Gate University, 1992. 448 pp. adviser: R. Gene Conatser

Forecasting the demand for air transportation services: An analysis of the forecasts published by the International Civil Aviation Organization, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Airbus Industrie: Poore, James Walter, Ph.D. Golden Gate University, 1992. 448 pp. adviser: R. Gene Conatser