Air Traffic Research Articles

Study on Regional Division of Air Traffic Management in Mainland China in the Future

With the problems of poor coordination and frequent flight delays among major air traffic control regions in mainland China becoming increasingly prominent, a series of air traffic control reform measures are imperative. In order to meet the development need of the transition from a large civil aviation country to power one in the future, it is necessary to divide the air traffic management regions reasonably in advance. Therefore, based on the flights between the airports from 2011 to 2017, this paper combines the grey prediction algorithm with the gravity model and considers the impact of high-speed rail on the flights of civil aviation, then constructs the grey gravity prediction model. According to the forecast result of the future airport flow by the grey gravity prediction model, the flight plans of each airport are generated by using the equal proportion enlargement method. On the basis of the flight plans of each airport, the flight situation in mainland China at a certain time is simulated. According to the simulated aircraft longitude and latitude data, the optimal clustering results are obtained by using the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and clustering validity evaluation index. Finally, the clustering results are processed by clustering boundary recognition algorithm, the future air traffic management regional division results in mainland China are obtained. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the grey gravity prediction model considering the influence of high-speed rail is better than the traditional grey prediction algorithm, and the original seven major air traffic control zones in mainland China are re-divided into three major air traffic control zones: North China, South Central China and Northwest China, which can provide reference for future air traffic control reform and development.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES

The need to develop and adopt legal standards for safety management was identified at the Conference of General Directors of Civil Aviation dedicated to the global strategy of aviation safety (Montreal, March 20-22, 2006) and additionally supported by the recommendations of the Safety Conference (Montreal, March 29 - April 1, 2010). The year 2006 saw the introduction of issues related to the safety management system to the Convention’s annexes. The existing fundamental rules related to SMS were included in the annexes: 1 - Personnel licensing, 6 - Operation of Aircraft, 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft, 11 - Air Traffic Services, 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation, and 14 - Aerodromes. In addition, due to the dynamic development of aviation and, at the same time, the growing need to create the highest standards in the field of safety management systems, the Air Navigation Commission established the Safety Management Panel (SMP) to develop the content of Annex 19. After several years of reconciliation and consultation, this document was finally adopted by the ICAO Council in 2013. It has become the ipso facto document that provides the basis for creating an effective safety management system, as it is compatible and also adapted to the most effective practices indicated in the ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual. Annex 19 sets out the responsibility of States, the safety management system and the collection of information related to safety. The National Civil Aviation Safety Programme and the structure of this system were also dealt with. The whole idea is to support states in the process of hazard identification and risk management. The purpose of the article was: to highlight selected elements of the risk management process in a practical dimension, to present the principles for assessing the degree of risk by an air navigation service provider, and to identify ways of improving this process. Searching for an answer to the main research problem contributed to achieving this goal. The research problem was expressed in the form of a question: How does the air navigation service provider manage the risk under the air traffic safety management system in order to achieve compliance with regulatory requirements and to achieve the assumed parameters (indicators) in the area of safety? With regard to the main research problem, the following research hypotheses were formulated: 1. I believe that an air navigation service provider undertakes an assessment of the degree of possible danger in civil aviation to identify hazards in air traffic as part of a safety management system. 2. I suppose that the air navigation service provider manages the risk in a manner consistent with the provisions of law and by using procedures included in normative documents.

Assessing the Contribution of Data Mining Methods to Avoid Aircraft Run-Off from the Runway to Increase the Safety and Reduce the Negative Environmental Impacts.

The Single Europe Sky Air Traffic Management Research (SESAR) program develops and implements innovative technological and operational solutions to modernize European air traffic management and to eliminate the negative environmental impacts of aviation activity. This article presents our developments within the SESAR Solution “Safety Support Tools for Avoiding Runway Excursions”. This SESAR Solution aims to mitigate the risk of runway excursion, to optimize airport operation management by decreasing the number of runway inspections, to make chemical treatment effective with respect to the environment, and to increase resilience, efficiency and safety in adverse weather situations. The proposed approach is based on the enhancement of runway surface condition awareness by integrating data from various sources. Dangerous windy conditions based on Lidar measurements are also discussed as another relevant factor in relation to runway excursions. The paper aims to explore four different data mining methods to obtain runway conditions from the available input data sources, examines their performance and discusses their pros and cons in comparison with a rule-based algorithm approach. The output of the SESAR Solution is developed in compliance with the new Global Reporting Format of the International Civil Aviation Organization for runway condition description to be valid from 2020. This standard is expected to provide concerned stakeholders with more precise information to enhance flight safety and environmental protection.

Visualized Information of Himawari-8 Satellite Observation on Occurrence of Meteorological Phenomena Leading to Aircraft Operational Constraints

Study Group for the Future Air Traffic Systems in Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan compiled the ``Long-term Vision for the Future Air Traffic Systems'' and named CARATS. The CARATS pointed out that, weather information is not fully utilized for predicting air traffic capacity in current air traffic systems. In the CARATS Roadmap, conversion of weather information into air traffic operational constraints is listed as a measure. For the purpose of discussing what kind of phenomena can be visualized by Himawari-8 satellite data, the meteorological phenomena that lead to air traffic constraints were analyzed. In this paper, as for the meteorological phenomena that lead to aircraft operational constraints, the cases of typhoons, thunderstorms, fog and volcanic plume have examined. Furthermore, for the cases of typhoons and convective clouds, the differences in information obtained by Himawari-8 satellite data and meteorological radar were also investigated by overlapping the flight path data on the meteorological observation data.

Апробація педагогічної умови «Спрямованість змісту фахової підготовки майбутніх диспетчерів управління повітряним рухом на формування прфесійної рефлексії»

The article is devoted to the problem of forming a professional reflection of future Air Traffic Controllers in professional training. At the first stage of the dissertation, the pedagogical conditions necessary to solve this problem were theoretically explained. At this stage it is important to prove the feasibility of one of the pedagogical conditions in the formation of the studied construct. The article examines the approbation of the pedagogical condition – orientation of the contents of the professional training of future Air Trafic Controllers for the formation of the professional reflection. The aim of the article is to reveal the substantive aspects of approbation of the substantiated pedagogical condition of formation of professional reflection of future Air Trafic Controllers.in professional training. The forms of realization of this pedagogical condition are determined. This is a special course «Fundamentals of professional reflection of air traffic controllers» and academic subjects «Air Traffic Management», «Psychology», «Aviation Meteorology» and «Aviation Safety». The article describes methods and examples of exercises aimed at the formation of professional reflection, highlights the importance of this pedagogical condition in professional preparation for further professional self-improvement.Thus, the complex introduction of the pedagogical condition, the use of problematic, contextual and reflexive approaches for the content-organizational support of the formation of professional reflection of future Air Trafic Controllers at the theoretical-activity stage is contributed to the formation of stable attitudes to of getting professional knowledge and skills.In the further scientific research, more attention should be paid to the development of educational and methodological manuals, practical tips and recommendations for the formation of professional reflection of Air Trafic Controllers.

Мотиваційно-ціннісний компонент розвитку професійної комунікативної компетентності диспетчерів управління повітряним рухом

The article is devoted to the flight safety on the international airlines. ICAO Assembly has signed Resolution А 32-16, relating to the role of language factor in aviation incidents and accidents. The professional (foreign language) communicative competence of air traffic controllers is defined, especially its development. This kind of professional competence is the union of professional and special foreign language communicative knowledge, skills and habits and the ability of their usage in the process of professional interaction during radiotelephony with aircraft crews on the international airlines in the conditions of any types of professional interaction and activity. It’s motivation-and value component defines it’s development during professional activity and work, in other way the result will be the number of incidents and accidents with the proper reason lack of mentioned above competence. The scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, description and comparison have been used in order to describe the motivation-and value component relating to the competence of air traffic controllers mentioned above. In this work the motivation-and value component, its plot and the components of the learning process itself are described. The motivation component and its elements, the value component and its elements, the motivation and value buildings were covered by this article. As a result it is proved that the motives and valuable orientations are the important psychological characteristics of personality. The valuable orientations, as the complex units, includes the different forms and ways of professional, social and individual interaction in personality. These orientations are being formed under the influence of external professional environment through the mastering of any forms and ways of activity. ATCO professional position forming takes place along with these processes. The results of this research were implemented in the training process, which takes place on the base of Training and Certification Center of Ukrainian Air Traffic Services Enterprise (UkSATSE). Moreover it was paid attention to the fact that the peculiarities of motivation-and value component functioning are dependent on the demands of ICAO Docs №9432 and №9835.

«Наш поход к острову должен быть возможно крепче обеспечен». Вклад Г. Д. Красинского в установление суверенитета СССР над островом Врангеля в 1921–1926 гг.

The article draws on archival documents to analyze events connected with the policies of a number of foreign states contesting the sovereignty of the Wrangel Island in the Arctic that belonged to the young Soviet state in 1921-26 and the role of the polar researcher Georgy Davidovich Krasinsky in prevention of these aggressive actions. Content analysis provides new information on this historical episode. The documents from the personal provenance fond of G. D. Krasinsky in the Russian State Archive of Economy demonstrate Krasinsky’s active position and role in the development of the Arctic and in the establishment of Soviet frontiers, when he was appointed assistant to the head of Special hydrographic expedition to the Wrangel Island in 1924. The most interesting document in our opinion – the official address of G. D. Krasinsky to the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of G. V. Chicherin concerning organization of the second expedition on the island - is published in the article with some abbreviation. This document provides insight into Krasinsky’s plans on implementation of the final stage of suppression of active actions of foreign “aggressors.” He believed that only actual colonization of the Wrangel Island can provide effective response to the encroachments of the British and Americans, who naturally saw in it an important base for transpolar air traffics. Along with principle of historicism, the article uses method of biographic analysis, which allows to investigate in details Krasinsky’s course of life and to give objective assessment of his professional ability to anticipate the future, that is, to work out his actions proactively. Thus, G. D. Krasinsky ideas were confirmed in the days of the Cold War, when military facilities of the Soviet Union were placed on the island, and it became an important outpost in monitoring the integrity of the Soviet frontiers in the Arctic. We still observe these same tendencies today, in the light of strengthening of the Russian military presence in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Workloads and the Health of Air Traffic Controllers

Workloads and the Health of Air Traffic Controllers

Selected Aspects of Using the Telemetry Method in Synthesis of RelNav System for Air Traffic Control.

Accuracy is an important factor in air traffic management which is why high requirements are necessary for each navigation system. The aim of this article is to describe the principles of the RelNav system and telemetry and their accuracy. We present the algorithms of the relative navigation system, which could be used for air traffic control in the case of the unavailability of satellite navigation system signals. This article sums up the different positioning methods, and deals with the accuracy of the relative navigation system (RelNav). Furthermore, the article considers the factors that influence the positioning accuracy. For this task, a computer simulation was created to evaluate the accuracy of the telemetric method. Next, we discuss the principles of telemetry and algorithms for calculating the position of the flying object (FO).

Current Status of Cyber Security in Artas Surveeillance Data Processing System

The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive status of cyber security challenges in ARTAS surveillance data processing system. The cyber security is a major concern of current Air Traffic Systems. It is mandated by European Union as well as national law. Therefore, EUROCONTROL as the provider the ARTAS application conducted a comprehensive security assessment is to identify security vulnerabilities of the systems. For this purpose, a grey-box penetration testing was conducted by EUROCONTROL’s security experts. The numerous findings are currently mitigated by the fact that ARTAS systems should be isolated and restricted in a secure architecture. The next version of ARTAS application is addressing the most critical issues.

Predicting Attrition and Performance in Navy and Marine Corps Air Traffic Control School

Attrition rates due to poor academic performance are particularly high for the Navy’s air traffic control training program. The school relies on scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) for its selection criteria which do not seem to be sufficient by themselves in predicting who will succeed in training. We hypothesized that including cognitive assessments designed to assess skills specific to air traffic control would improve the ability to predict training performance. The model results showed that cognitive abilities were related to training performance beyond ASVAB scores, however, they were more successful at classifying academic success ( M = .92) than academic attrition ( M = .23). Importantly, the results highlight the importance of additional screening materials that can be used to help reduce attrition and the cost of training

Present and Future of Air Navigation: PBN Operations and Supporting Technologies

The present work reviews the new concept of operation that will be soon implemented in SESAR and NextGen (January 2020) using new state-of-the-art technology mainly based on onboard avionics: data link equipment, broadcast and surveillance systems, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) area augmentation. One of the main improvements of Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) is the use of satellites and more precise and accurate onboard instruments than current standard avionics related to ground-based navigation aids (VOR, NDB, DME, etc.). Air navigation systems have been without mayor updates for nearly 40 years, when most Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) and Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) systems were implemented worldwide in the civil and military fields, respectively. These standard navigation systems lack new required performance navigation and required big deal of maintenance, especially in redundant systems. Recently, the development of new and precise GNSS and communication systems has allowed their use on different scenarios: Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR) departures, initial and final approaches, etc. Additionally, in several international airports, Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) approaches have been already successfully tested and implemented. Related to GBAS, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a cooperative technology that enhances pilots and controllers’ situation awareness, since ADS-B broadcasts own and other aircraft position. Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) may be another key element of the PBN concept of operations (CONOPS), since it provides air–ground data communications for the air traffic control (ATC) service and the aircrew, reducing risks associated to human factor: poor speaking, radio congestion, message confusion, standardization, etc. The main goal of this review is to present the PBN concept and the potentially supporting Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems, in the context of the NextGen and SESAR Air Traffic Management (ATM) modernization programmes.

Association of Estimated Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Traffic Proximity With a Marker for Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Nationwide Study in China

Epidemiologic evidence of the mechanisms of the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD) is limited and relies heavily on studies performed in Europe and the United States, where air pollution levels are relatively low. In particular, the association between air pollution and CHD in patients with underlying risks for CHD is understudied. To determine whether air pollution and proximity to traffic are associated with the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a key atherosclerotic marker. In this prospective, population-based cross-sectional study in a large-scale setting in China, 8867 consecutive patients aged 25 to 92 years with suspected CHD were recruited between November 17, 2015, and September 13, 2017. Participants were excluded if they had previous myocardial infarction, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting or incomplete risk factors and exposure data. Each participant underwent assessment of CAC and CHD risk factors at baseline. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to November 2018. Annual means of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at the participants' residences using a validated geostatistical prediction model. Exposure to a nearby roadway was also estimated. Computed tomography measurement of CAC score. The mean (SD) age of the 8867 participants was 56.9 (10.4) years; 4378 (53.6%) were men. Annual mean (SD) PM2.5, NO2, and O3 measurements were 70.1 (20.0), 41.4 (14.7), and 93.9 (10.5) μg/m3, respectively. The mean (SD) CAC score was 91.4 (322.2) Agatston units. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, adjusting for CHD risk factors and multiple pollutants, were independently associated with increases in CAC scores of 27.2% (95% CI, 10.8% to 46.1%) per 30 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 24.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 49.7%) per 20 μg/m3 NO2. For PM2.5, odds of both detectable CAC (Agatston score >0; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45) and severe CAC (Agatston score >400; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.12) were increased. Associations of CAC with PM2.5 and NO2 were greater among male participants (PM2.5: 42.2%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 62.7%; NO2: 45.7%; 95% CI, 25.3% to 69.5%) and elderly participants (PM2.5: 50.1%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 75.0%; NO2: 55.5%; 95% CI, 31.8% to 83.6%) and those with diabetes (PM2.5: 62.2%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 101.0%; NO2: 31.2%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 51.0%). Independent association with CAC score was 9.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to 20.4%) for O3 per 15 μg/m3 and 2.4% (95% CI, -0.6% to 5.4%) for distance near roadway per 50% decrease. In this large Chinese study, long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were independently associated with severity of CAC. This finding may provide support for the pathophysiological role of coronary atherosclerosis through which air pollution exposure may be associated with CHD.

Evaluation of Simultaneous Speech Detection Based on MFCC-DTW with Two-Stage Normalization

In Air Traffic Control a serious safety risk is represented by undetected simultaneous transmissions from different airplanes. In this paper, we approach this issue through a speech analysis algorithm, which combines traditional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients extraction, a new two-stage normalization and widely used Dynamic Time Warping. In this way, we were able to extend the simultaneous speech detection capability in Voice Communication Systems of Air Traffic Control. The results prove that this implementation is suitable for practical applications.

2C2-2 Development of Coordinator Support Tool for Air Traffic Control Display

2C2-2 Development of Coordinator Support Tool for Air Traffic Control Display

Pengkajian Phraseology (Bahasa) Pemanduan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan Makassar Advanced Air Traffic Services Di Bandara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin-Makassar

ABSTRACTThis study hies to analyze the phraseology of the officer in Makassar Advenced Air Traffic Services (MAATS). The officers in MAATS consist of the officer of Aerodrome Control (ADC). Approach co11trol (APP). Area Control Center (ACC I, ACC II). They are expecting not nuzking any mistakes due to the language of pilotage airline traffic which caused by hasty speech and slip of the tongue since the difference of language dialect/ accent the foreigh pilots which come from many countries.The error in measuring the value contained in the region of 85% -95% may be norm control (tolerance) by the management by objective measurements of the work. Whereas in 2 (two) years in 2009 and 2010 never happened Breackdown of Separation (BOS) but in 2010 the ACC officers never happened Breackdown of Coordination (BOC) caused by weather and soon coordination through the equipment to the equipment connectivit CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communication) so that it can be confirmed. Key Words: phraseology (language) pilotage ADC, APP and ACC.

Can Holistic Optimization Improve Airport Air Traffic Management Performance?

Air transportation is an important factor in the economic growth of the European Union; however, the current system is already approaching its capacity and cost limits, and therefore needs to be reformed to meet the demands of further sustainable development. According to the European Commission, airspace congestion and the delays caused by it cost airlines between €1.3 and €1.9 billion a year. Several research initiatives have been launched to address air traffic management (ATM) challenges. The Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program -a joint effort of the European Commission, EUROCONTROL, air navigation service providers, and the manufacturing industry -aims to define, develop, and deploy what is needed to increase the ATM performance and build Europe's intelligent air transport system. In this paper, we focus on the impact of such holistic optimization on the overall decision process and performance of air traffic control at the airport. To better understand how the algorithm can support ATCOs in their work, we analyzed the ATCOs self -reported descriptions of the current decision-making process.

Bayesian Network Modelling of ATC Complexity Metrics for Future SESAR Demand and Capacity Balance Solutions.

Demand & Capacity Management solutions are key SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) research projects to adapt future airspace to the expected high air traffic growth in a Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) environment. These solutions rely on processes, methods and metrics regarding the complexity assessment of traffic flows. However, current complexity methodologies and metrics do not properly take into account the impact of trajectories’ uncertainty to the quality of complexity predictions of air traffic demand. This paper proposes the development of several Bayesian network (BN) models to identify the impacts of TBO uncertainties to the quality of the predictions of complexity of air traffic demand for two particular Demand Capacity Balance (DCB) solutions developed by SESAR 2020, i.e., Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) and Flight Centric Air Traffic Control (FCA). In total, seven BN models are elicited covering each concept at different time horizons. The models allow evaluating the influence of the “complexity generators” in the “complexity metrics”. Moreover, when the required level for the uncertainty of complexity is set, the networks allow identifying by how much uncertainty of the input variables should improve.

Space Traffic Management: Not Just Air Traffic Management for Outer Space and More Than Data Analytics

Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law is een online tijdschriftenplatform van Boom uitgevers Den Haag (Boom juridisch, Boom criminologie, Boom bestuurskunde en Eleven International publishing)

Factors Affecting the Operation of the Air Traffic Controllers in Form of the SHELL Model. A Study at the Phuket Air Traffic Control Center, the Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited.

This research aims to finding Factors affecting the operation of air traffic controllers in the form of SHELL Model. A study at The Phuket Air Traffic Control Center, The Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited is combined between a survey and quantities research. The research was carried out using a questionnaire to collect data from air traffic controllers who working at Phuket International Airport. The data were analyzed by using percentage, means, standard deviation and inferential statistics t-test, F-test. The study indicated that The Air Traffic Controller who operating at Phuket International Airport. There was a significant level of opinions on the factors affecting the operation in the form of SHELL Model., the level of Liveware - Solfware was high, the level of Liveware - Hardware was high, the level of Liveware - Environment was middle and the level of Liveware - Liveware was high. The recommendations of staffs to provide additional comments on the administrator, the management policy, number of staffs and modern facilities that supports the operations.