Abstract A description is provided for Acremonium kiliense . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Man, cattle, possibly maize; A. kiliense is a common, ubiquitous, soil fungus (Domsch et al , 1980). DISEASE: There are numerous reports of A. kiliense , often quoted as one of its synonyms, causing lesions of the leg and foot of man (mycetoma, madura foot) with formation of soft white grains (RMVM 6, 418; 7, 3418; 14, 2137). It has also been reported affecting the toenail plates (9, 77), and causing skin infection (14, 202). There is one record of isolation from the placenta and abomasal contents of an aborted bovine fetus (15, 1021). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: As a disease organism, A. kiliense is more frequent in the tropics, but has been recorded from Algeria, Brazil, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, India, USA and USSR; it is frequently isolated from the soil, air and other substrates. TRANSMISSION: From the soil, often mediated by wounding by metal nails, parts of plants, etc.