Abstract
With the unnecessary use of plastics and cumulative pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Bioplastic production from mustard oil was considered relatively cheap, easily available, included in vegetable oil and don’t having much volatile characteristics. Total of 67 bacterial strains were isolated and purified from different regions of the Pakistan, and were checked for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by Sudan black and Nile blue staining. Quantitative analysis for biodegradable plastic produced by different bacterial species was performed by Modified surfactant hypochlorite method. High PHA production was detected in 35 strains belonging to different genera including Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Enterobacter. Fermentation and PHA production was done in batch culture. The PHA production of P. aeruginosa by mustered oil cultivation was studied under six experimental conditions, such as air flow rates, pH, Temperature, optical density, substrates concentration and cell dry weight. PHA production of Pseudomonas species were subsequently authenticated at molecular level by PCR amplifications and sequence analysis. PHA polymerase 1 (PhaC1) and PHA polymerase 2 (PhaC2) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were amplified, sequenced and submitted to gene bank.
Highlights
PHAs are recognized as biodegradable plastics as they possess material properties similar to synthetic thermoplastics and are degraded to water and carbon dioxide by enzymatic action of microbes in various environments such as soil, sea water, lake water, and sewage (Kung et al, 2007; Chaudhry et al, 2011)
Are non-degradable and pose one of the major causes of environmental pollution (Bhuwal et al, 2013), are used because the use of plastics cannot be eradicated from our daily life at all
To solve the current problem of environmental pollution, interests have been shifted to the development of bioplastics because they provide dual benefits of utilizing the waste and costeffective production of biodegradable plastic (Ramezani et al, 2014)
Summary
PHAs are recognized as biodegradable plastics as they possess material properties similar to synthetic thermoplastics and are degraded to water and carbon dioxide (and methane under anaerobic conditions) by enzymatic action of microbes in various environments such as soil, sea water, lake water, and sewage (Kung et al, 2007; Chaudhry et al, 2011). To achieve the volumetric productivity and to develop a comparatively economically competitive method for the production of PHAs, various factors are very important like choice of bacterial strain, optimized conditions and most importantly the choice of media and carbon sources which have direct influence on production cost (Lau et al, 2014). To reduce the bioplastic production cost as compared to the production cost of synthetic plastics, there is an urgent need to find the cheaper media with necessary requirements and cheaper carbon source for the PHA (Allen et al, 2010). Objective of our study was to find out cost effective substrate for PHA production For this purpose, soil and waste water isolates were characterized, their PHA production ability with different carbon sources was optimized and molecular characterization of phaC, phaC1 and phaC2 genes were done.
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